2,024 research outputs found
Die Betreuer am Neuen Markt - eine empirische Analyse
Die Betreuer am neuen Markt sollen die Effizienz des Handels durch Bereitstellung zusätzlicher Liquidität erhöhen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Liquiditätsbeitrag der Betreuer in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Jahren. Die Beteiligung der Betreuer am Umsatz des Marktes hat im beobachteten Zeitraum deutlich abgenommen. Ihre Orderlimits und -volumina hingegen haben die Markttiefe erhöht. Weiterhin zeigt sich, daß die Betreuer sowohl in liquiditätsschwachen Titeln als auch in liquiditätsschwachen Marktphasen zur Steigerung der Liquidität beigetragen haben
General Lower Bounds for b -> d Penguin Processes
For the exploration of flavour physics, b -> d penguin processes are an
important aspect, with the prominent example of \bar B^0_d -> K^0 \bar K^0. We
recently derived lower bounds for the CP-averaged branching ratio of this
channel in the Standard Model; they were found to be very close to the
corresponding experimental upper limits, thereby suggesting that \bar B^0_d ->
K^0 \bar K^0 should soon be observed. In fact, the BaBar collaboration
subsequently announced the first signals of this transition. Here we point out
that it is also possible to derive lower bounds for \bar B -> \rho \gamma
decays, which are again surprisingly close to the current experimental upper
limits. We show that these bounds are realizations of a general bound that
holds within the Standard Model for b -> d penguin processes, allowing further
applications to decays of the kind B^\pm -> K^{(\ast)\pm} K^{(\ast)} and B^\pm
-> \pi^\pm \ell^+ \ell^-, \rho^\pm \ell^+ \ell^-.Comment: Minor changes, to appear as rapid communication in Phys. Rev
Towards a Formalism-Based Toolkit for Automotive Applications
The success of a number of projects has been shown to be significantly
improved by the use of a formalism. However, there remains an open issue: to
what extent can a development process based on a singular formal notation and
method succeed. The majority of approaches demonstrate a low level of
flexibility by attempting to use a single notation to express all of the
different aspects encountered in software development. Often, these approaches
leave a number of scalability issues open. We prefer a more eclectic approach.
In our experience, the use of a formalism-based toolkit with adequate notations
for each development phase is a viable solution. Following this principle, any
specific notation is used only where and when it is really suitable and not
necessarily over the entire software lifecycle. The approach explored in this
article is perhaps slowly emerging in practice - we hope to accelerate its
adoption. However, the major challenge is still finding the best way to
instantiate it for each specific application scenario. In this work, we
describe a development process and method for automotive applications which
consists of five phases. The process recognizes the need for having adequate
(and tailored) notations (Problem Frames, Requirements State Machine Language,
and Event-B) for each development phase as well as direct traceability between
the documents produced during each phase. This allows for a stepwise
verification/validation of the system under development. The ideas for the
formal development method have evolved over two significant case studies
carried out in the DEPLOY project
Earthquake Early Warning System
In the event of an earthquake, a warning system can significantly aid those in affected areas as well as emergency response personnel. A few-seconds warning can allow a person to seek protection from falling objects, exit enclosed spaces (such as elevators), or move away from windows. Additionally, automatic systems could engage to send a message regarding an individual’s location, shut down gas pipelines, or prevent a subway train from departing a station. Current earthquake warning systems collect information from seismographic measuring stations to both monitor current tectonic conditions and alert personnel when those conditions become unstable. Unfortunately, cost and other considerations limit the use and expansion of dedicated seismographic monitoring stations. However, an earthquake early-warning system that collects and aggregates motion data from many individual mobile devices is both scalable and implementable in a more-rapid fashion and at significantly reduced cost. Additionally, an earthquake early-warning system built on information collected from mobile devices could alert those very same mobile devices and other nearby devices or systems in the event of a detected earthquake
The performance of different classification criteria sets for spondyloarthritis in the worldwide ASAS-COMOSPA study
Background: In this study, we sought to compare the performance of spondyloarthritis (SpA) classification criteria sets in an international SpA cohort with patients included from five continents around the world.
Methods: Data from the (ASAS) COMOrbidities in SPondyloArthritis (ASAS-COMOSPA) study were used. ASAS-COMOSPA is a multinational, cross-sectional study with consecutive patients diagnosed with SpA by rheumatologists worldwide. Patients were classified according to the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG), modified European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (mESSG), Amor, modified Amor, Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA), ASAS peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) and ClASsification criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) criteria. Overlap between the classification criteria sets was assessed for patients with and without back pain. Furthermore, patients fulfilling different arms of the ASAS axSpA criteria (imaging arm, clinical arm, both arms) were compared on the presence of SpA features.
Results: A total of 3942 patients (5 continents, 26 countries) were included. The mean age was 43.6 years, 65.0% were male, 56.2% were human leucocyte antigen B27-positive and 64.4% had radiographic sacroiliitis (based on modified New York criteria). Of the patients, 85.5% were classified by the ASAS SpA criteria (87.7% ASAS axSpA, 12.3% ASAS pSpA). Fulfilment of the Amor, ESSG and CASPAR criteria was present in 83.3%, 88.4% and 21.6% of patients, respectively. Of the patients with back pain (n = 3227), most were classified by all three of Amor, ESSG and ASAS axSpA criteria (71.4%). Patients fulfilling the imaging arm and the clinical arm of the ASAS axSpA criteria had similar presentations of SpA features. In patients without back pain, overlap between classification criteria sets was seen, although to a lesser extent.
Conclusions: Most patients with a clinical diagnosis of axial SpA in the worldwide ASAS-COMOSPA study fulfil several classification criteria sets, and a substantial overlap between different criteria sets is seen, which suggests a high level of credibility of the criteria. Large inter-regional differences in the fulfilment of classification criteria were not found. Patients fulfilling the clinical arm were remarkably similar to patients fulfilling the imaging arm with respect to the presence of most SpA features
Controlling Textures in TSP Art
By making simple modifications to how we calculate distances between points/cities, we control textures in TSP Art
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