Frequency of translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in histologically and immunohistochemically diagnosed cases of ewing\u27s sarcoma

Introduction: Ewing sarcoma (ES) family of tumors is one of the most common groups of malignancies arising in children, adolescents, and young adults. Although characteristic histology with immunohistochemical expression of CD99 and FLI1 after exclusion of other small round blue cell tumors is considered diagnostic of ES, frequency of typical ES translocation, i.e., t(11;22)(q24;q12) is not known in our population. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of this translocation in histologically and immunohistochemically diagnosed cases of ES along with its association with other pathological parameters.Methods: A total of 43 morphologically and immunohistochemically diagnosed cases of ES were included in the study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on representative paraffin blocks to identify t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation. Association with various clinicopathological characteristics was determined.Results: Mean age of the patients was 18.23±9.57 years. Bone was the most commonly involved site (22; 51.2%) followed by soft tissue (17; 39.5%) and parenchymal organs (4; 9.3%). A total of 88.4% of cases were found to be FISH-positive for t(11;22)(q24;q12). No significant association of translocation positive cases was noted with tumor size or disease-free survival. Similarly, no significant association of tumor size with disease-free survival was found.Conclusions: A significant proportion of cases of histologically diagnosed cases of ES exhibited characteristic t(11;22)(q24;q12). This signifies that histology along with immunohistochemistry is reliable for the diagnosis of this tumor; however, in difficult cases, FISH can be performed to detect characteristic translocation. Moreover, we did not find tumor size to be a significant prognostic indicator of survival in ES

The Effect of Job Crafting on Job Creativity through Job Engagement: A Case of Banking Sector of Vehari, Pakistan

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of job crafting upon job creativity and how job engagement intervenes this relationship. In this study, data were collected through self-administered questionnaires on LIKERT type scale from banking sector employees at district Vehari, Pakistan. In all, 300 survey questionnaires were circulated among which 271 were returned back yielding a useable response rate of 90%. The analysis of the data revealed that job crafting has significant positive impact on job creativity of employees working in banking sector of Vehari, Pakistan but this relationship is not only direct and job engagement plays the role of a mediator. Considering the importance of appreciations received by bankers management, policy makers should take necessary steps for improving the job engagement system and job crafting which will increase the job creativity of employees because their motivation to their profession will increase. Limitations and future guidelines have been discussed.

The Effect of Job Crafting on Job Creativity through Job Engagement: A Case of Banking Sector of Vehari, Pakistan

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of job crafting upon job creativity and how job engagement intervenes this relationship. In this study, data were collected through self-administered questionnaires on LIKERT type scale from banking sector employees at district Vehari, Pakistan. In all, 300 survey questionnaires were circulated among which 271 were returned back yielding a useable response rate of 90%. The analysis of the data revealed that job crafting has significant positive impact on job creativity of employees working in banking sector of Vehari, Pakistan but this relationship is not only direct and job engagement plays the role of a mediator. Considering the importance of appreciations received by bankers management, policy makers should take necessary steps for improving the job engagement system and job crafting which will increase the job creativity of employees because their motivation to their profession will increase. Limitations and future guidelines have been discussed.

Expression analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 in patients suffering from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the aggressive malignancies and mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain unclear. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme system plays a crucial role in many gastrointestinal malignancies and is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and transformation. More precise outcome of COX-2 in ESCC is less investigated. In this study we investigated the risk factors of ESCC and expression of COX-2 in Carcinoma in situ (CIS) and ESCC compared to normal esophageal mucosa. ESCC relationship to clinico-pathological parameters using immunohistochemistry was also part of this investigation. Current study was conducted in the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 69 diagnosed patients of ESCC, both Pakistanis and Afghans were enrolled. Various risk factors associated with ESCC were recorded. Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 55 years. Out of 69 patients of ESCC 46 (67%) were users of dipping tobacco (Naswar). Expression of COX-2 was determined in normal esophageal mucosa, CIS and invasive ESCC using Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Differences of mean were computed using ANOVA followed by applying Post Hoc test. Patients were categorized as positive with high expression or negative with low to nil expression. ANOVA showed large differences in expression of COX-2 in normal healthy mucosa compared with CIS and ESCC with the mean difference of -9.529 and -7.370 respectively, p-value being.05 at 95% CI. Our complete cohort (23-85 years) showed statistically significant difference in the expression of COX-2 gene in ESCC and CIS tissue samples compared with normal healthy mucosa. Results of this study indicate that over-expression of COX-2 is positively associated with ESCC

Interactive effects of vanadium and phosphorus on their uptake, growth and heat shock proteins in chickpea genotypes under hydroponic conditions

The present study was carried out to examine the interaction of vanadium and phosphorus and changes in heat shock genes to optimize the growth of chickpea genotypes. Two sets of hydroponic experiments were carried out using vanadium and phosphorus with five-level central composite design. Five levels of vanadium (0-1180 mu M) and phosphorus (0-100011 mu M) were used to evaluate their interactive effects. Plants fresh biomass and uptake of vanadium and phosphorus were influenced by vanadium and phosphorus application. Enhanced fresh biomass was most likely a result of increased phosphorus uptake by chickpea genotypes. Addition of vanadium induced toxic effects while, higher concentration of phosphorus alleviated its toxic effects. The obtained results also indicated that lower vanadium concentration promoted phosphorus absorption however; higher concentration of vanadium inhibited the phosphorus uptake. The morphological changes in leaves indicated that the cells were deformed and reduced in size when treated with higher vanadium levels with fixed phosphorus while, there was little deformation and reduction in cells size were observed when plants were treated with higher levels of phosphorus with fixed vanadium. Whereas, the proportion of deformation of cells were higher in Balkasar as compared to C-44 genotype. The results also showed that at elevated vanadium with fixed phosphorus, Hsp70 was expressed only in C-44 while, not in Balkasar however, Hsp90 and GAPDH showed non-significant results. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Impact of caffeine and vitamin D3 on the body-weight of pregnant BALB/c mice

Objective:  To investigate the effect of caffeine and Vitamin D3 on the body weight of pregnant BALB/c mice.  Design of Study:  An RCT (Randomized control trial) in the Lab.  Place and Duration of Study:  The study was carried out at Anatomy Department, Army Medical College (AMC), Rawalpindi, in collaboration with National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, from Oct 2018 to Oct 2019.  Material and Methods:  Six-week old pregnant BALB/c mice, thirty (30) in number, weighing  26-28g, were taken and divided into three groups with 10 pregnant mice in each group.  The control group G1 was given standard diet with water ad libitum for 21 days.  The animals in experimental group G2, in addition to the standard diet, were given 10mg of caffeine per 100g body-weight once a day on alternate days by oral gavage for 21 days.  Similarly, mice in group G3, in addition to the diet of group G2, were given 0.1µg of vitamin D3 per day by oral gavage for 21 days.  The body-weights on 1st day, 7th day, 14th day and 21st day of gestation in all the groups were measured to determine the influence of caffeine and vitamin D3.  Results:  Mean body-weights of mice in control group G1 were noted as 26.8 ± 0.789g,  30.7 ± 0.949g, 36 ± 0.667g and 42 ± 1.054g on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day of gestation, respectively.  The mean body-weights of experimental group G2 were recorded to be 26.7 ± 0.675g, 29.9 ± 0.738g, 34.3 ± 0.823g and 39.5 ± 0.972g on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21th day of gestation, respectively.  The mean body-weights of experimental group G3 were determined as 26.8 ± 0.632g, 30.4 ± 0.699g, 34.6 ± 0.516g and 40.5 ± 0.850g on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day of gestation, respectively.  In comparison to the control group G1, the body-weights of animals in experimental group G2 showed more decrease in accrual of body-weight than noted in experimental group G3.  Conclusion:  Caffeine intake has decreasing influence on the growth of body-weight in pregnant mice while intake of vitamin D3 somewhat nullifies the harmful effect of caffeine on body-weight.

Impact of Training and Supervisor Support on Organizational Commitment with mediating role of Job Satisfaction

Training and Supervisor support shows a very important role in growing organizational commitment. The purpose of this research is to give a hypothetical justification of: a) impact of supervisor support on organizational commitment, mediating part of job satisfaction for the positive connection between supervisor support and organizational commitment, b) direct impact of training on organizational commitment and job satisfaction for the positive association among training, organizational commitment too. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed. The population which is targeted for this study was employees of the textile firms in Lahore. Data were collected from 320 employees. The study uses the SPSS and Structural Equation Modelling to test the hypotheses among 320 respondents. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between training and organizational commitment, supervisor support and organizational commitment, training and job satisfaction. Supervisor support is significantly related with job satisfaction and there is a significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment

Surgical Outcome of Organised Chronic Subdural Hematoma With Internal Septae in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: This study presented the surgical outcome of craniotomy and membranectomy (outer membrane excision) for the organized Chronic Subdural Hematoma (OCSDH) which have already developed thick internal septations.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a series of consecutive patients operated via.craniotomy method for OCSDH in Neurosurgery Department Hayat Abad Medical Complex. Patients with both genders and all ages diagnosed as OCSDH with septae either diagnosed preoperatively via imaging CT/MRI or intraoperatively while getting operated by single burhole drain or two burhole wash method were enrolled in the study and operated via craniotomy/outer membranectomy method.  All data was recorded in pre-formed Performa and demographics, clinical data analysed to quantify outcomes statistically.Results: Total 30 patients were operated in the 3 years study duration. Post-operative Recurrence of symptomatic hematoma was seen in only one patient, i.e. 3.33% and hence 29 (96.66%) had excellent outcome and remained symptom free at 6month followup visit. Out of 30 cases, we operated 27 (90%) were males and 3 (10%) were females, most of the cases were in the elderly age group (sixty five years was the mean age). Six cases (20%) had postoperative new onset seizures, all these patients were seizures free at 1month follow-up. Our three patients (10%) had a superficial wound infection.Conclusion: Craniotomy and outer membranectomy is a safe procedure for the management of OCSDH offering good results and fewer/no recurrence, unless the adherent inner (cortical) membrane removal is attempted, which may result in new onset seizures and neurological deficits

ROLE OF MRI IN EVALUATION OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT TEAR

Magnetic resonance imaging being a most advanced and non-invasive imaging modality is a gold standard imaging modality in the diagnosis of soft tissue injuries including the injuries of ligament and tendons because of its three dimensional approach.  Almost there are 360 joints in human body with the help of which we can move from one place to other, among them knee joint is the largest joint. It is a synovial joint of hinge variety which mainly allows flexion and extension. Knee joint is supported by a huge network of ligaments and tendons which provide a great strength and flexibility to the knee joint. Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament are the important stabilizing ligaments of the knee joint these two ligaments connects the tibia with femur. Injury or torn to them can cause a critical clinical conditions to the patients suffering from that injury. Injury to anterior cruciate ligament is more frequent as compare to other ligamentous injuries of the knee. Injury to ACL occurs mostly by sudden change in direction so because of which it affects the people who take part in different types of sports like basketball, soccer, baseball skiing. Female athletes are at higher risk of having ACL tear as compare to males. ACL tear should be treated properly because injury to it can cause a serious clinical conditions like it can cause the immobilization of the subject until it is treated properly. For the accurate treatment there should be most advanced and highly sensitive diagnostic approach which aids in the addition of accurate information regarding the location, grading and the condition of ACL tear either there is  complete or partial tear. Magnetic resonance imaging modality can diagnosis ACL tears with a high accuracy with the help of specific protocols which are more sensitive to soft tissue injuries. Keywords: ANTERIOR CRUCIATE, LIGAMENT TEAR DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/93-10 Publication date:September 30th 202