Efectos de tres microalgas diferentes sobre el crecimiento y la respuesta inmunitaria en los juveniles de trucha arco iris, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Se llevó a cabo un ensayo de seis semanas para evaluar el efecto de tres microalgas diferentes como aditivo en dietas de juveniles de trucha arco iris, Oncorhynchus mykiss sobre el crecimiento y la respuesta inmunitaria. Ciento ochenta peces (12,2 ± 0,11 g) se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en cuatro tratamientos (n=3) en un sistema de semirrecirculación. Se alimentó con las dietas experimentales CON (dieta control), CHLO (0,5% Chlorella sp.), HAEM (0,5% Haematococcus sp.), y SCHIZO (0,5% Schizochytrium sp.). La ganancia de peso y la tasa de crecimiento específico de los peces alimentados del tratamiento HAEM fueron significativamente mayores que los alimentados con las otras dietas (P < 0,05). La actividad de la lisozima aumentó significativamente en HAEM en comparación con los demás tratamientos (P < 0.05). Los peces fueron desafiados con Vibrio anguillarum por 27 días, en donde la tasa de supervivencia acumulada (%) fue significativamente mayor en los peces alimentados con microalgas en comparación al tratamiento potenciador del sistema inmune y además la dieta HAEM podría actuar como un potencial promotor del crecimiento en juveniles de trucha arco iris.A six weeks feeding trial was conducted to evaluate three different dried microalgae on growth performances and immune responses in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, diets. Twelve groups of fifteen rainbow trout averaging 12.2 ± 0.11 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into four treatments in triplicates rearing by the semi-recirculation system. Fish were fed four experimental diets such as CONT (a basal diet), CHLO (0.5% Chlorella sp.), HAEM (0.5% Haematococcus sp.), or SCHIZO (0.5% Schizochytrium sp.). Weight gain (%) and specific growth rate of fish fed HAEM diet were significantly higher than those of fed the other diets (P < 0.05). Whole-body moisture and crude protein from fish fed CONT and SCHIZO diets were significantly higher than the other diets. Whole-body crude lipid from fish fed HAEM were significantly higher than those from fish fed all the other experimental diets, whole-body ash from fish fed SCHIZO were significantly lower than those from fish fed the other diets (P˂0.05). Glucose levels from fish fed CHLO and SCHIZO diets were significantly lower than those from fish fed CONT and HAEM diets. Lysozyme activity from fish fed HAEM diet was significantly higher than those from fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). Fish were challenged by Vibrio anguillarum bacteria for 27 days after the feeding trial and the cumulative survival rate (%) from fish fed microalgae (CHLO, HAEM, and SCHIZO) diets were significantly higher than those from fish fed CONT diet (P <0.05). Therefore, these results suggest that microalgae in the diet (CHLO, HAEM, and SCHIZO) could be used as immune enhancers, and dietary HAEM could act as the potential growth promoter in juvenile rainbow trout.Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación (FAO). World Fisheries University Pilot Programm

Urinary tract infections in the elderly. The effect of reducing the age criteria in a geriatric service

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common community-acquired infections in older adults. Methodology: This was a retrospective and descriptive study carried out in a Mexican Geriatric Service from January 2013 to December 2015. Demographic characteristics of patients were recorded including age, gender, cause of disease, urine culture, microorganism identifi cation and antibiogram. The objective of this study was to describe the situational status of microbial antibiotic resistance in the elderly after reduction of the age criteria to be treated in a geriatric service. Results: One hundred and eighty-two geriatric patients (74 males mean age 81.5±13.5 years and 108 females mean age 81.5±11.5 years) with positive urine culture for one or more microbial identifi cation and antibiograms were included in the analysis. The most common isolations were positive for Escherichia coli BLEE, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae. After widening of the age range to enter the geriatric service (in 2015), there was a reduction in total cases of Escherichia coli BLEE and an increase for Escherichia coli. Conclusion: In our study, a growing increase of E. coli BLEE was recorded, however, at the same time, it was possible to confi rm that the majority of cases of this bacterium showed resistance to β-lactams, cephalosporins of different generations, quinolones and sulfas, demonstrating that it is becoming a public health problem

Repurposing Carvedilol as a Novel Inhibitor of the Trypanosoma cruzi Autophagy Flux That Affects Parasite Replication and Survival

T. cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease, is a parasite able to infect different types of host cells and to persist chronically in the tissues of human and animal hosts. These qualities and the lack of an effective treatment for the chronic stage of the disease have contributed to the durability and the spread of the disease around the world. There is an urgent necessity to find new therapies for Chagas disease. Drug repurposing is a promising and cost-saving strategy for finding new drugs for different illnesses. In this work we describe the effect of carvedilol on T. cruzi. This compound, selected by virtual screening, increased the accumulation of immature autophagosomes characterized by lower acidity and hydrolytic properties. As a consequence of this action, the survival of trypomastigotes and the replication of epimastigotes and amastigotes were impaired, resulting in a significant reduction of infection and parasite load. Furthermore, carvedilol reduced the whole-body parasite burden peak in infected mice. In summary, in this work we present a repurposed drug with a significant in vitro and in vivo activity against T. cruzi. These data in addition to other pharmacological properties make carvedilol an attractive lead for Chagas disease treatment.Fil: Rivero, Cynthia Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentina. Bernhard Nocht Institute For Tropical Medicine.; AlemaniaFil: Martinez, Santiago Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentina. Cedars Sinai Medical Cente; Estados UnidosFil: Novick, Paul. University Of Stanford. Departament Of Chemistry; Estados UnidosFil: Cueto, Juan Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Salassa, Betiana Nebaí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Vanrell, María Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Li, Xiaomo. Bernhard Nocht Institute For Tropical Medicine.; AlemaniaFil: Labriola, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Polo Ilacqua, Luis Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Engman, David M.. Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Clos, Joachim. Bernhard Nocht Institute For Tropical Medicine.; AlemaniaFil: Romano, Patricia Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentin

Biological features of TcM: A new Trypanosoma cruzi isolate from Argentina classified into TcV lineage

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease (CD) presents a wide genetic and phenotypic diversity that is classified into seven lineages or discrete typing units (DTU: TcI to TcVI and Tcbat). Although isolates and strains that belong to a particular group can share some attributes, such as geographic distribution, others like growth rate, cell tropism, and response to treatment can be highly variable. In addition, studies that test new trypanocidal drugs are frequently conducted on T. cruzi strains maintained for a long time in axenic culture, resulting in changes in parasite virulence and other important features. This work aimed to isolate and characterize a new T. cruzi strain from a chronic Chagas disease patient. The behavior of this isolate was studied by using standard in vitro assays and in vivo mice infection tests and compared with the T. cruzi Y strain (TcY), broadly used in research laboratories worldwide. Data showed that TcM behaves as a slow-growing strain in vitro that develops chronic infections in mice and displays high tropism to muscular tissues, in accordance with its clinical performance. In contrast, the Y strain behaved as an acute strain that can infect different types of cells and tissues. Interestingly, TcM, which belongs to DTU TcV, is more susceptible to benznidazole than TcY, a TcII strain considered moderately resistant to this drug. These differential properties contribute to the characterization of a TcV strain, one of the main lineages in the southern countries of South America, and open the possibility to introduce changes that improve the management of Chagas patients in the future.Fil: Martinez, Santiago Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Nardella, Gonzalo Nicolás. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Matias Exequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rivero, Cynthia Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología; ArgentinaFil: Agüero, Fernan Gonzalo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Romano, Patricia Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentin

Condiciones culturales y socioeconómicas de las caletas pesqueras artesanales en Yacila y Carquín, Perú

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar las condiciones culturales y socioeconómicas de las caletas pesqueras artesanales en Yacila (Piura) y Carquín (Lima), Perú. Se empleó una metodología de carácter cualitativo y de revisión sistemática, tipo básica y con un diseño descriptivo. Como técnicas de investigación se emplearon el diagrama de PRISMA, la matriz de registro de artículos y una tabla de distribución de artículos por base de datos. En sus resultados se evidenció que la pesca artesanal es una actividad practicada por tradición, reproduciéndose de generación en generación como un fin sociofamiliar que se recrea por cotidianidad o presión familiar. Se concluyó que en las caletas de Yacila y Carquín, la pesca artesanal es realizada por familias; en su mayoría por personas del sexo masculino, quienes, para cubrir las necesidades económicas, y debido a la falta de oportunidades laborales, deciden convertirla en su fuente de ingresos, ya que la mayoría de pecadores artesanales no poseen un apoyo gubernamental que les permita acceder a una estabilidad laboral, un salario digno, asistencia médica y condiciones óptimas

INFEKCIJE MOKRAĆNOG SUSTAVA KOD STARIJIH OSOBA. UČINAK SMANJENJA KRITERIJA DOBI U GERIJATRIJSKOJ SLUŽBI

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common community-acquired infections in older adults. Methodology: This was a retrospective and descriptive study carried out in a Mexican Geriatric Service from January 2013 to December 2015. Demographic characteristics of patients were recorded including age, gender, cause of disease, urine culture, microorganism identifi cation and antibiogram. The objective of this study was to describe the situational status of microbial antibiotic resistance in the elderly after reduction of the age criteria to be treated in a geriatric service. Results: One hundred and eighty-two geriatric patients (74 males mean age 81.5±13.5 years and 108 females mean age 81.5±11.5 years) with positive urine culture for one or more microbial identifi cation and antibiograms were included in the analysis. The most common isolations were positive for Escherichia coli BLEE, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae. After widening of the age range to enter the geriatric service (in 2015), there was a reduction in total cases of Escherichia coli BLEE and an increase for Escherichia coli. Conclusion: In our study, a growing increase of E. coli BLEE was recorded, however, at the same time, it was possible to confi rm that the majority of cases of this bacterium showed resistance to β-lactams, cephalosporins of different generations, quinolones and sulfas, demonstrating that it is becoming a public health problem.Uvod: Infekcije mokraćnog sustava (IMS) su jedna od najčešćih infekcija stečenih u zajednici kod starijih odraslih osoba. Metodologija: Ovo je retrospektivna i opisna studija provedena u meksičkoj gerijatrijskoj službi od siječnja 2013. do prosinca 2015. godine. Zabilježene su demografske karakteristike pacijenata, uključujući dob, spol, uzrok bolesti, kulturu urina, identifi kaciju mikroorganizama i antibiogram. Cilj ove studije bio je opisati situacijski status mikrobiološke rezistencije antibiotika kod starijih osoba nakon smanjenja dobnih kriterija za liječenje u gerijatrijskoj službi. Rezultati: U analizu su bila uključena 182 gerijatrijska pacijenta (74 muškarca prosječne dobi 81,5±13,5 godina i 108 žena prosječne dobi 81,5±11,5 godina) s pozitivnom kulturom urina za jednu ili više bakterijskih identifi kacija i antibiogramima. Najzastupljenije izolacije bile su pozitivne za Escherichia coli BLEE, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris i Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nakon širenja dobnog raspona za ulazak u gerijatrijsku službu (2015. godine) došlo je do smanjenja ukupnih slučajeva Escherichia coli BLEE i povećanja za Escherichia coli. Zaključak: U našem je istraživanju pronađeno sve veće povećanje E. coli BLEE. Istodobno je bilo moguće potvrditi da je u većini slučajeva ova bakterija pokazala otpornost na b-laktame, cefalosporine različitih generacija, kinolonske antibiotike i sulfa lijekove pokazujući da postaje problem javnog zdravstva

Gestión institucional de la pandemia de COVID-19 en un hospital privado de Lima, Perú

La pandemia del COVID-19 generó un reto institucional que requirió la implementación de medidas que garanticen lacontinuidad de los servicios sanitarios protegiendo a pacientes y cuidadores, utilizando todos los recursos disponibles y coordinaciones entre distintas áreas con metodologías ágiles y trabajo colaborativo. En la presente revisión hacemos una descripción de las medidas tomadas y los resultados de su implementación en un hospital privado de Lima, Perú.The COVID-19 pandemic generated an institutional challenge that required the implementation of measures that guaranteethe continuity of health services, protecting patients and caregivers, using all available resources and coordination between different areas with agile methodologies and collaborative work. In this review, we describe the measures taken and the results of their implementation in a private hospital in Lima, Peru

Determination of atmospheric aerosol components in an urban area to evaluate the air quality and identify the sources of contamination

The need to generate objective evidence and reliable information for decision makers to improve environmental policies for a better air quality, led us to evaluate the atmospheric aerosol components in the urban area of Carabayllo, by monitoring PM2.5 and PM10 to determine mass concentration and analyzing PM10 using k0-INAA and ICP–MS for metals quantification, ion chromatography for anions and the NIOSH method to determine organic and elemental carbon. The results obtained from mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded the permissible breathing annual average of WHO guidelines of 15 µgm−3 and 45 µgm−3, respectively, which evidence an unhealthy air quality. Likewise, using the model Positive Matrix Factorization five sources of pollutants were defined: metallurgical industry, sea salt, industrial activity, dust and non-exhaust emissions and vehicle emissions

Exploring the genetics of lithium response in bipolar disorders

Background: Lithium (Li) remains the treatment of choice for bipolar disorders (BP). Its mood-stabilizing effects help reduce the long-term burden of mania, depression and suicide risk in patients with BP. It also has been shown to have beneficial effects on disease-associated conditions, including sleep and cardiovascular disorders. However, the individual responses to Li treatment vary within and between diagnostic subtypes of BP (e.g. BP-I and BP-II) according to the clinical presentation. Moreover, long-term Li treatment has been linked to adverse side-effects that are a cause of concern and non-adherence, including the risk of developing chronic medical conditions such as thyroid and renal disease. In recent years, studies by the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) have uncovered a number of genetic factors that contribute to the variability in Li treatment response in patients with BP. Here, we leveraged the ConLiGen cohort (N = 2064) to investigate the genetic basis of Li effects in BP. For this, we studied how Li response and linked genes associate with the psychiatric symptoms and polygenic load for medical comorbidities, placing particular emphasis on identifying differences between BP-I and BP-II. Results: We found that clinical response to Li treatment, measured with the Alda scale, was associated with a diminished burden of mania, depression, substance and alcohol abuse, psychosis and suicidal ideation in patients with BP-I and, in patients with BP-II, of depression only. Our genetic analyses showed that a stronger clinical response to Li was modestly related to lower polygenic load for diabetes and hypertension in BP-I but not BP-II. Moreover, our results suggested that a number of genes that have been previously linked to Li response variability in BP differentially relate to the psychiatric symptomatology, particularly to the numbers of manic and depressive episodes, and to the polygenic load for comorbid conditions, including diabetes, hypertension and hypothyroidism. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggest that the effects of Li on symptomatology and comorbidity in BP are partially modulated by common genetic factors, with differential effects between BP-I and BP-II