785 research outputs found
Minor constituents in the solar wind originating from plasma-dust interactions
Atoms, molecules, and atomic and molecular ions generated by solar wind interactions with dust grains of the zodiacal cloud are discussed. The main processes leading to the generation of these particles are described and relevant methods of observation are examined
Construction of Nonlinear Symplectic Six-Dimensional Thin-Lens Maps by Exponentiation
The aim of this paper is to construct six-dimensional symplectic thin-lens
transport maps for the tracking program SIXTRACK, continuing an earlier report
by using another method which consistes in applying Lie series and
exponentiation as described by W. Groebner and for canonical systems by A.J.
Dragt. We firstly use an approximate Hamiltonian obtained by a series expansion
of the square root. Furthermore, nonlinear crossing terms due to the curvature
in bending magnets are neglected. An improved Hamiltonian, excluding solenoids,
is introduced in Appendix A by using the unexpanded square root mentioned
above, but neglecting again nonlinear crossing terms...Comment: 57 pages, late
On avoiding Ostrogradski instabilities within Asymptotic Safety
We study the renormalization group flow of gravity coupled to scalar matter
using functional renormalization group techniques. The novel feature is the
inclusion of higher-derivative terms in the scalar propagator. Such terms give
rise to Ostrogradski ghosts which signal an instability of the system and are
therefore dangerous for the consistency of the theory. Since it is expected
that such terms are generated dynamically by the renormalization group flow
they provide a potential threat when constructing a theory of quantum gravity
based on Asymptotic Safety. Our work then establishes the following picture:
upon incorporating higher-derivative terms in the scalar propagator the flow of
the gravity-matter system possesses a fixed point structure suitable for
Asymptotic Safety. This structure includes an interacting renormalization group
fixed point where the Ostrogradski ghosts acquire an infinite mass and decouple
from the system. Tracing the flow towards the infrared it is found that there
is a subset of complete renormalization group trajectories which lead to stable
renormalized propagators. This subset is in one-to-one correspondence to the
complete renormalization group trajectories obtained in computations which do
not track of the higher-derivative terms. Thus our asymptotically safe
gravity-matter systems are not haunted by Ostrogradski ghosts.Comment: 35 pages, 10 figure
Dark matter annihilation as possible origin of the very high energy -radiation from the Galactic center measured by H.E.S.S.
Citizens United, Corporate Personhood, and Corporate Power: The Tension between Constitutional Law and Corporate Law
Reflection positivity in higher derivative scalar theories
Reflection positivity constitutes an integral prerequisite in the
Osterwalder-Schrader reconstruction theorem which relates quantum field
theories defined on Euclidean space to their Lorentzian signature counterparts.
In this work we rigorously prove the violation of reflection positivity in a
large class of free scalar fields with a rational propagator. This covers in
particular higher-derivative theories where the propagator admits a partial
fraction decomposition as well as degenerate cases including e.g. p^4 -type
propagators.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
Corporate First Amendment Rights after Citizens United: An Analysis of the Popular Movement to End the Constitutional Personhood of Corporations
De Sitter scattering amplitudes in the Born approximation
We present a covariant framework to compute scattering amplitudes and
potentials in a de Sitter background. In this setting, we compute the potential
of a graviton-mediated scattering process involving two very massive scalars at
tree level. Although the obtained scattering potential reproduces the Newtonian
potential at short distances, on Hubble-size length scales it is affected by
the constant curvature: effectively, it yields a repulsive force at sub-Hubble
distances. This can be attributed to the expansion of the de Sitter universe.
Beyond the de Sitter horizon, the potential vanishes identically. Hence, the
scattering amplitude unveils the geometric properties of de Sitter spacetime in
a novel and nontrivial way
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