TB194: Hemisgrapsus sanguineus (Asian Shore Crab) as Predator of Juvenile Homarus americanus (American Lobster)

Hemigrapsus sanguineus, commonly known as the Asian shore crab, was first discovered on the east coast of the United States in New Jersey in 1988. The spread of this invasive crab has been rapid, and it is now abundant along a large portion of the mid-Atlantic and southern New England coast. Further, an invasion of H. sanguineus into New Hampshire and southern Maine is in its preliminary stages. The introduction of this crab to North America could potentially affect a variety of native species. Numerous studies have examined the predation of H. sanguineus on blue mussels, snails, and other bivalves. In this study, we consider the predation of H. sanguineus on juvenile Homarus americanus(American lobster). We conducted laboratory experiments to investigate whether H. sanguineus can and will consume juvenile H. americanus. These trials affirmed that invasive crabs do prey on lobsters even when the crabs were provided other food alternatives and the lobsters were given shelter. Further research is necessary to evaluate if there exists a real or potential threat to the juvenile H. americanus population in the wild.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1014/thumbnail.jp

Evaluation of ‘Super Bright’ polymer dyes in 13-16-color human immunophenotyping panels

Sirigen Group Limited developed unique polymer 'Brilliant' dyes that have become a staple of modern multicolor panel design. Polymer-based conjugates are often 4-10 times brighter than conventional fluorochromes with similar excitation/emission parameters. A new group of polymer fluorochromes, the 'Super Bright' dyes, was recently launched by eBioscience. The performance of these new dyes in large polychromatic panels is unclear to date. Therefore, we tested several preparations of the Super Bright dyes (such as Super Bright 436 and Super Bright 600) in two polychromatic fluorescent panels (one 13-and one 16-color). Specifically, we evaluated the spillover spread matrices of both panels to evaluate the compatibility of Super Bright dyes with other fluorochromes in a setup with tight placement of fluorochrome emissions over the spectrum. We have also matched Super Bright conjugates with comparable Brilliant Violet-labeled antibodies of same specificity in an existing 13-color panel where those conjugates are staining relatively dim targets, such as CCR6 and CD25, on resting human PBMC cells. Our results show that Super Bright dyes inflict a modest spillover spread in neighboring channels. In a 16x16 spillover spread matrix (3-UV, 5-VIOLET, 5-BLUE, 3-RED) Super Bright dyes demonstrate low to moderate spillover that is very close quantitatively to the Brilliant Violet dyes. In a 13-color human immunophenotyping panel that we previously developed to quantify T cell subsets, the " brightness " (i.e. the staining index of the Super Bright-conjugated antibodies) appears to be lower than comparable Brilliant Violet dyes when titrated, although stained populations in a full panel are still well separated. As the use of up to nine Brilliant polymer dyes simultaneously in large panels is not uncommon, we also tested the performance of Super Bright dyes in staining protocols that include Brilliant Buffer (BD Biosciences) to prevent polymer dye interactions and found them compatible. Overall, we found Super Bright dyes to perform well in large polychromatic panels. This expansion of commercially available conjugated antibody repertoire with the addition of Super Brights is timely and will greatly facilitate the success of larger (13+ color) fluorescent panel design

The effects of European union membership on Finland's bilateral diplomatic practice

Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla.Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler.The institution of diplomacy in its traditional form has found itself challenged in recent decades. The forces of both globalization and regionalisation have placed new demands upon diplomats, who are now required to balance their work against that of a plethora of new actors operating internationally, and at various levels. The European Union offers an operating environment considerably at odds with the international environment from which the institution of diplomacy developed. The Westphalian state order - a state-centric system where war was perceived as a constant threat - formed the backdrop to the evolution of diplomacy as an institution. Diplomacy became the means to mediate the security threat through inter-state dialogue, conducted by diplomats. The absence of a security threat within the EU today calls into question the role of diplomacy and the career diplomat. No longer required to conduct high-level bilateral negotiations, nor mediate a security threat, the diplomat must adapt to the new working environment and identify new roles and tasks to justify their existence. This thesis studies the changing role of bilateral diplomacy within the EU through the experience of Finland, with the aim of identifying the ways in which Finland's bilateral diplomatic practice vis-a-vis fellow member states has changed since entry to the Union in 1995. The research is conducted primarily in the form of interviews with civil servants and career diplomats, as well as consultation of official foreign ministry documents. The choice of the interview method is largely attributable to the fact that there has been very little study previously conducted on the topic at hand. The material collected is analysed using a theoretical framework rooted in the new institutionalist perspective, and elaborated by Jozef Batora. Two categories are selected that may define the direction that the institution of diplomacy is moving in - a change in diplomacy and a change of diplomacy (metamorphosis) - and the evidence collected through research is analysed according to its relevance to either of these two categories of change. This study covers the experiences of both the foreign ministry (with particular emphasis on the bilateral department and bilateral missions), and the sectoral ministries. The evidence collected indicates that a change in the role of Finland's foreign ministry within the EU context has taken place, in addition to changes in the roles attributed to the diplomats at Finland's bilateral missions. The London embassy is taken as a case study, and demonstrates a focal shift from high-level bilateral negotiations to public diplomacy and cultural work, in the name of lobbying for Finland's broader interests in EU decision-making. The sectoral ministries exhibit a variety of experiences since entry to the EU, but a trend appears to be emerging of a decreasing need for the foreign ministry and the services of its embassies, and a preference at the sectoral ministries for conducting their own bilateral dialogue. The evidence collected through this study suggests that the institution of diplomacy is capable of adaptation, and that adaptive measures are being undertaken, quite feasibly paving the way to an entirely new form of diplomacy within the EU

On parametrised cold dense matter equation of state inference

Constraining the equation of state of cold dense matter in compact stars is a major science goal for observing programmes being conducted using X-ray, radio, and gravitational wave telescopes. We discuss Bayesian hierarchical inference of parametrised dense matter equations of state. In particular we generalise and examine two inference paradigms from the literature: (i) direct posterior equation of state parameter estimation, conditioned on observations of a set of rotating compact stars; and (ii) indirect parameter estimation, via transformation of an intermediary joint posterior distribution of exterior spacetime parameters (such as gravitational masses and coordinate equatorial radii). We conclude that the former paradigm is not only tractable for large-scale analyses, but is principled and flexible from a Bayesian perspective whilst the latter paradigm is not. The thematic problem of Bayesian prior definition emerges as the crux of the difference between these paradigms. The second paradigm should in general only be considered as an ill-defined approach to the problem of utilising archival posterior constraints on exterior spacetime parameters; we advocate for an alternative approach whereby such information is repurposed as an approximative likelihood function. We also discuss why conditioning on a piecewise-polytropic equation of state model - currently standard in the field of dense matter study - can easily violate conditions required for transformation of a probability density distribution between spaces of exterior (spacetime) and interior (source matter) parameters.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 43 pages, 7 figure

Poly-Victimization in Polish Adolescents: Risk Factors and the Moderating Role of Coping

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of poly-victimization in Polish adolescents and assess factors associated with poly-victimization risk across different ecological levels. This study further examined whether coping styles could moderate the impact of poly-victimization on emotional well-being. Participants were 454 adolescents, aged between 13 and 19 years, from an urban region of Poland. Adolescents completed self-report measures assessing community, school, and family risks, along with a peer nomination task measuring social preference. Teachers also completed a measure assessing adolescent problem behaviors. Findings revealed that the majority of the sample (70%) experienced more than one type of victimization in the past year, and 35.7% were classified as poly-victims (≥ 6 victimizations). As hypothesized, community disorganization, low commitment to school, poor family management, family conflict, peer social preference, and teacher-rated withdrawn and disruptive behavioral problems were predictive of poly-victimization. In addition, the relationship between poly-victimization and emotional well-being was moderated by problem-solving coping, in that greater use of problem-solving strategies lessened the negative impact of poly-victimization on positive affect and life satisfaction. Other investigated coping strategies (social support-seeking, internalizing, externalizing, and distraction) failed to demonstrate any moderation effect. Findings highlight the high rate of victimization experienced by adolescents in Poland and have implications for the identification of those at risk of poly-victimization, suggesting that there is a need to consider factors related to the adolescent themselves, their relationships with family and peers, and school and community factors. Results also indicate that there may be value in training victims in the use of problem-solving coping styles as a source of resilienc

Electrospinsters Final Project Report

An electrospinning machine (EM) produces fibers and particles by means of applying a voltage process (electrohydrodynamic phenomena) to a polymer solution by incorporating the use of a receptacle, a pump, a high voltage power supply (HVPS) and a collector. EMs are typically very expensive, however, there has been work conducted by various researchers to construct in-house machines at a much lower cost. The growing applications for electrospinning continue to be a source of interest for many researchers as it is still a relatively new process. Much of the effort has been dedicated to producing nanofibers with unique properties with a focus on improving the efficiency and scalability of the process. The Electrospinsters Senior Design Team are researching and designing an in-house EM that can produce nanofibers for the team sponsor’s research and serve other educational purposes at Trinity University. The sponsor, Dr. Dany Munoz-Pinto, intends to use the results of this project to expand his research projects and goals by incorporating nanofibers into tissue scaffolds. The prototype must be a functioning EM so that a future team or the sponsor’s research students can make additions, but not struggle with the basic functions to create nanofibers. Based on published literature and additional research conducted by the team, we determined that an EM is composed of four subsystems: a syringe pump, a HVPS, a collector, and a user interface. The HVPS provides a voltage to the solution in the syringe pump which when exuded is drawn to the grounded collector due to the difference in electric potential. This drawn-out solution conglomerates on the collector which forms the scaffold. Published literature allowed us to gain a better understanding of the setup and we learned that there is not much variation in how the EM can be modified. Consequently, we chose to follow a fundamental setup with a flat collector plate due to its easy construction and compatibility with producing non-woven nanofibers with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). We designed and conducted a series of tests to validate the subsystems of the device and to test the EM against various design constraints and project requirements. Some of our constraints pertained to time and budget and our project met both of these, as we successfully created a working prototype for our sponsor by the end of the 2023 spring semester, and we only used $808.92 of our$1200 budget. Other criteria related to health and safety were met, since we complied with TU Environmental Health and Safety and OSHA standards, the voltage applied to the solution did not exceed 30 kV at any point during testing and application, and our device fit dimensional constraints and was only operated in a CSI fume hood to prevent the inhalation of nanoparticles. Our prototype operates all electrical subsystems using US standard outlets. Certain requirements correlated with certain subsystems which had specific tests designed to evaluate the flow rate, voltage, voltage display, and nanofiber diameter. The Flow Rate Variability Test evaluated the syringe pump subsystem with variable flow rates of 0.5 mL/hr, 1.0 mL/hr, and 1.5 mL/hr and deemed accurate enough for testing purposes. The Voltage Variability Test tested the active voltage of the HVPS and verified its operation is within a ±5% margin of error. The Proof-of-Concept Test verified that the EM could produce non-woven nanofibers of 200 nm and that it is within ±20% error of previously published experiments, which are acceptable results for our sponsor’s research purposes. Additionally, we tested Tip Diameter Variability and Collection Distance Variability to observe the effects on the nanofiber diameter and determined that there is not a significant difference as they are still within ±20% error, as we had expected from published literature. Overall, the Electrospinsters created a successful, working prototype to aid in our sponsor’s research. Our prototype met all requirements and constraints, and there are no remaining changes needed to achieve our final goals. However, for further improvements, we hope that a future team will improve this final prototype by integrating another type of collector that can produce aligned nanofibers while maintaining the ability to interchange collector types and implementing any other useful additions or modifications