Psychological Well-Being in the Victims of Bullying Among Primary School Children

A replication and extension of Rigby and Slee\u27s (1993) study and an investigation of Seligman, Reivich, Jaycox and Gillham\u27s (1995) theory of self-esteem was conducted in one private primary school in Western Australia. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the age and gender of victims of bullying with self-esteem of the students and their attitudes towards attending school (Rigby & Slee, 1993), and their explanatory style (Seligman et al., I 995). Four anonymous questionnaires: Peer Relations Assessment Questionnaire (Rigby & Slee, 1997), Self-Esteem Inventory (Coopersmith, 1989), Children\u27s Attributional Style Questionnaire (Seligman, Kaslow, Alloy, Peterson, Tanenbaum & Abramson, 1984) and Liking for School Scale (Rigby & Slee, 1993), were administered to 84 (38 male, 46 female) students in grades 5 (N= 14), 6 (N= 40) and 7 (N= 30). The results of three standard multiple regression analyses did not support the three hypotheses: That the victims of bullying will have low self-esteem, a pessimistic explanatory style and dislike for school. However, the patterns of scores for two groups of students suggests that: (i) children who are consistently bullied have low self-esteem and a pessimistic explanatory style; (ii) some children appear to be psychologically resilient to the effects of bullying. The implications from these findings suggests that intervention programmes encourage children to recognise and challenge their negative thoughts. It is suggested that future research endeavours to examine the type of behavioural response styles children use when bullied by peers at school

Children\u27s Exposure to Violence Across Contexts: Profiles of Family, School, and Community Witnessing and Victimization

Children residing in low-income, urban neighborhoods are at a disproportionately higher risk of exposure to violence (ETV) across multiple contexts compared to their peers, including witnessing violence and direct victimization. The many negative effects of ETV are compounded when youth experience ETV across multiple settings and when these experiences are chronic. Despite this, much of the research on ETV during childhood focuses on a single form of violence (e.g., family victimization or witnessing community violence). The current study examines patterns of frequency of ETV, including witnessing and victimization, across family, school, and community contexts, using person-centered methods to elucidate the patterns of ETV across multiple ecologies. In addition, the current study examines demographic variables and cohesion across family, school, and community settings in relation to profiles to better understand how patterns of violence can differentially affect low-income, urban youth. Results of latent profile analysis showed three distinct profiles. The largest profile (N = 130, 54.4% of the sample) was comprised of individuals reporting almost no ETV, witnessing or victimization, across settings (Low Exposure group). The next largest group, N = 87; 36.4% of the sample) was comprised of individuals who experienced relatively low to moderate rates of all forms of ETV, with moderate to high rates of witnessing community violence (Moderate Exposure group). The third and smallest group (N = 22; 9.2% of the sample) was characterized by high levels of both community witnessing and victimization, as well as moderate levels of school witnessing and family victimization (High Exposure group). This group showed low rates of school victimization and family witnessing, comparable to the other two groups. Examination of demographic and protective factors associated with each profile showed differences in indicators of socio-economic status (SES) and levels of family cohesion. Notably, profiles with higher ETV showed indications of lower SES, and, counter to expectations, the Moderate Exposure group showed the highest level of family cohesion. Profiles showed no differences in gender, parent education, or cohesion in school and neighborhood settings. Implications for clinical intervention and future research are discussed

Still, the emptiness: Micro-documentary and research on missing people in the United States

Professional project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Journalism from the School of Journalism, University of Missouri--Columbia.Still, The Emptiness is a micro-documentary about families in Missouri who have missing loved ones featuring Marianne Asher-Chapman, Yvonne Erwin-Bowen, Don Ross and Donna Ross. Marianne's daughter, Angie, has been missing for 14 years. Yvonne's brother Donnie has been missing for five, and the Ross' son Jesse has been missing for 11 years. The film shows the stages of grief as well as the constant questions family members have about their missing loved one's case. People associate missing cases to TV programs, such as 48 Hours Mystery, where the story is an hour and has an ending. Many family members will go their entire lives not knowing what happened to their loved ones. This project was created to tell their story, which happens to over a thousand families per year in Missouri. SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS COMPONENT I gathered missing person's data from Houston, Texas, from 2016. Then, I looked at the Houston Chronicle, the city's main newspaper, to see how often missing white women and women of color were reported on that same year. From there, I had a coding sheet and recorded language used, if the article used photographs, if there was a follow-up, the missing's age, the missing's race and where the missing was from. I analyzed this coded data to see if missing women were covered, how they were covered and if there was a difference in coverage based on race

Mothers of children with congenital heart defects: the effects of ethnicity and education on perceptions, attitudes and feelings; (Implications for social work practice)

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University, 196

Oxide Fiber Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Cells

LiCoO2 and LiNiO2 fibers have been investigated as alternatives to LiCoO2 and LiNiO2 powders used as lithium-intercalation compounds in cathodes of rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemical cells. In making such a cathode, LiCoO2 or LiNiO2 powder is mixed with a binder [e.g., poly(vinylidene fluoride)] and an electrically conductive additive (usually carbon) and the mixture is pressed to form a disk. The binder and conductive additive contribute weight and volume, reducing the specific energy and energy density, respectively. In contrast, LiCoO2 or LiNiO2 fibers can be pressed and sintered to form a cathode, without need for a binder or a conductive additive. The inter-grain contacts of the fibers are stronger and have fewer defects than do those of powder particles. These characteristics translate to increased flexibility and greater resilience on cycling and, consequently, to reduced loss of capacity from cycle to cycle. Moreover, in comparison with a powder-based cathode, a fiber-based cathode is expected to exhibit significantly greater ionic and electronic conduction along the axes of the fibers. Results of preliminary charge/discharge-cycling tests suggest that energy densities of LiCoO2- and LiNiO2-fiber cathodes are approximately double those of the corresponding powder-based cathodes

Modulation of the UVA activation of haem oxygenase, collagenase and cyclooxygenase gene expression by epigallocatechin in human skin cells

AbstractWe have investigated the modifying effects of epigallocatechin, a major polyphenolic constituent of green tea, on ultraviolet-A-activated gene expression in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes using the stress responsive enzymes: haem oxygenase-1, interstitial collagenase and cyclooxygenase-2. Although epigallocatechin strongly reduced ultraviolet-A-induced haem oxygenase-1 activation in skin-derived fibroblasts, the same compound activated collagenase and cyclooxygenase expression. In a keratinocyte cell line, ultraviolet-A-mediated haem oxygenase-1 over-expression was low and epigallocatechin failed to modulate it further. In contrast to the results with fibroblasts, ultraviolet-A activation of cyclooxygenase in keratinocytes was reduced by epigallocatechin. The results indicate that the effect of this green tea polyphenol on cellular stress responses is complex and may involve direct effects on signal transduction as well as changes that may be associated with its antioxidant activity

Anomalous Hall conductivity of clean Sr2RuO4 at finite temperatures

Building on previous work, we calculate the temperature- and frequency-dependent {\it anomalous} Hall conductivity for the putative multiband chiral superconductor \Sr using a simple microscopic two-orbital model without impurities. A Hall effect arises in this system without the application of an external magnetic field due to the time-reversal-symmetry breaking chiral superconducting state. The anomalous Hall conductivity is nonzero only when there is more than one superconducting order parameter, involving inter- as well as intra-band Cooper pairing. We find that such a multiband superconducting state gives rise to a distinctive resonance in the frequency-dependence of the Hall conductivity at a frequency close to the inter-orbital hopping energy scale that describes hopping between Ru $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz}$ orbitals. The detection of this feature, robust to temperature and impurity effects in the superconducting phase, would thus constitute compelling evidence in favour of a multiband origin of superconductivity in \Sr, with strong superconductivity on the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ bands. The temperature dependence of the Hall conductivity and Kerr rotation angle are studied within this model at the one-loop approximation.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures. Invited submission, proceedings of M2S 2012. Published versio

The development of an assessment protocol for activity participation in those suffering from mental illness

M.Sc. (Occupational Therapy), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011Aim: To compile an assessment protocol, comprising of appropriate assessment methods, which can be used to assess activity participation in those suffering from mental illness. Research methods: An audit of existing performance-based instruments was carried out, and thereafter focus groups with clinicians were conducted. The methods of assessment were collected through review of existing performance-based assessments and by means of discussion groups with occupational therapists in mental health care. Following this the Activity Participation Assessment protocol was compiled. The content validity was then investigated through expert review. Results: Assessment methods for the domains of the Activity Participation Assessment were determined. Common methods of assessment included interviewing, activities, collateral information and standardised assessments. The content validity indices for all domains of assessment were above the 0.80 recommendation for new instruments. Conclusion: The Activity Participation Assessment has good content validity and can be used in the clinical setting