Plant Genomic Databases for Oilseeds Crop Improvement

oai:ojs.ijcb.in:article/8Plant genomic databases are collections of huge information on plants, germplasm accessions, descriptors, plant genetics, physical and genomic sequence maps, QTLs, loci, sequence information, molecular markers, references etc. At present more than 100 plants genomic databases are available. These are dedicated to generic genome data focusing on specific crops. Some of the important oilseeds plant databases include Castor Bean Genome Database, CGPDB, SoyBase, Legume Information System (LIS), Brassica database, Sinbase etc. Due to availability of number of genomic databases for crop plants before using any of these databases the researcher needs to visit most appropriate database and choose suitable parameters for genomic information mining. The wealth of information available to researchers today can be overwhelming hence; understanding the plant databases for harnessing genomic information is the need of the hour for crop improvement research programmes

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Not AvailableSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops cultivated worldwide. It is one of the few crops that has been improved for several characteristics through interspecific hybridization. In the present investigation, the ploidy of 43 Helianthus species belonging to diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid status along with 2 accessions of cultivated sunflower was determined. As wide variation exists in the Helianthus species for vegetative characteristics including pigmentation, processing of the leaf samples was tried with incorporation of 1 % polyvinylpyrrolidone while chopping the leaf which gave sharp peaks with low coefficient of variation. Ploidy as determined by flow cytometry was in agreement with the reported status of the Helianthus species used in the study. The mean 1C values for diploids, tetraploids and hexaploids were 3.67, 6.73 and 10.07 pg, respectively. The technique was validated on an interspecific hybrid of cultivated sunflower (2n = 2x) with H. hirsutus (2n = 4x) which confirmed the triploid status of the hybrid.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSources of resistance to powdery mildew incited by Golovinomyces orontii have been identifed in wild sunfowers and few exotic lines. The present investigation has been undertaken to study the inheritance of powdery mildew resistance and to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing resistance to powdery mildew in a multiple disease resistance line, TX16R (PI 642072). The inheritance was observed as a continuous distribution in a set of 264 F2 population and 93 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of a cross between a highly susceptible accession PS 2023 and TX16R. Screening of the two population sets was done with 484 sunfower-specifc SSR primers of which 175 primers showed polymorphism between the parents. Based on the phenotyping and genotyping data, the linkage map was constructed with 93 RILs. The map spanned 1200 cM and included 64 markers distributed along the 17 sunfower chromosomes in the haploid set. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis identifed three genomic regions for resistance to powdery mildew, two of which mapped on chromosome 10 and one on chromosome 5. This is the frst report on mapping of powdery mildew resistance in sunfower and paves the way in fne mapping and introgression of resistance for powdery mildew in sunfower through marker-assisted breedingNot Availabl

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Not AvailableSources of resistance to powdery mildew incited by Golovinomyces orontii have been identified in wild sunflowers and few exotic lines. The present investigation has been undertaken to study the inheritance of powdery mildew resistance and to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing resistance to powdery mildew in a multiple disease resistance line, TX16R (PI 642072). The inheritance was observed as a continuous distribution in a set of 264 F2 population and 93 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of a cross between a highly susceptible accession PS 2023 and TX16R. Screening of the two population sets was done with 484 sunflower-specific SSR primers of which 175 primers showed polymorphism between the parents. Based on the phenotyping and genotyping data, the linkage map was constructed with 93 RILs. The map spanned 1200 cM and included 64 markers distributed along the 17 sunflower chromosomes in the haploid set. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis identified three genomic regions for resistance to powdery mildew, two of which mapped on chromosome 10 and one on chromosome 5. This is the first report on mapping of powdery mildew resistance in sunflower and paves the way in fine mapping and introgression of resistance for powdery mildew in sunflower through marker-assisted breeding.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePowderymildewincited by Golovinomyces cichoracearum has become a serious problem on sunflower in India during the past 2–3 years. Genetic resistance in the released cultivars and the parental lines of hybrids is rather limited. Hence, screening of about 420 accessions comprising of wild Helianthus species, interspecific derivatives, core germplasm, inbred lines and few exotic accessions was done under natural field conditions for 2 years and further confirmed by screening under artificial inoculation conditions. PCR analysis using primers specific to powdery mildew causing genera gave a 391 bp band which confirmed the pathogen as G. cichoracearum. Seven different screening methods were tested which induced infection, but dusting of spores on to the healthy leaves proved to be convenient and more effective method of infection. Based on the differential response of the accessions derived from diverse genetic backgrounds, a scale for obtaining reliable estimates of the disease has been devised. Among different cultivar germplasm accessions, the disease severity index (DSI) ranged from15 to 100 and area under disease progression curve (AUDPC) ranged from 95 to 648. Among the four groups of cultivated sunflower accessions tested, DSI and AUDPC was in the order of exotic lines \ interspecific derivatives \ inbred lines \ core germplasm. Reliable sources of resistance to the pathogen were identified in four annual wild species (H. argophyllus, H. agrestis, H. debilis, H. praecox), six perennials (H. angustifolius, H. atrorubens,H. rigidus,H. salicifolius, H. pauciflorus and H. resinosus), two interspecific derivatives (HIR - 1734 - 2, RES - 834 - 3) and two exotic lines (PI 642072, EC - 537925).Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe infection by a plant pathogen results in the production of the reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in the plant. ROIs threshold levels determine the fate of the resistance in the host; higher than the threshold levels result in the appearance of the resistant or susceptible reaction on the infected plants. ROIs below the threshold levels have been shown to be important in eliciting disease resistance-related signaling pathways that result in the production of antimicrobial compounds, pathogenesis-related proteins, cell wall cross-linking. Golovinomyces latisporus is a very important biotrophic pathogen on sunflower causing powdery mildew disease, which causes serious yield losses. A set of genotypes confirmed earlier to be susceptible (PS 2023 and Morden) and resistant (TX 16R and ID-25) were analyzed for disease progression after the pathogen infection and the development of oxidative burst. In comparison, susceptible genotypes exhibited higher levels of ROIs than resistant genotypes, thus indicating the importance of these molecules in the infection process. The higher levels of ROIs in susceptible genotypes lead to cell damage. Concomitantly, the anti-oxidant enzyme activities are significantly higher in the resistant genotypes than in the susceptible genotypes. The resistant genotypes displayed higher levels of transcripts of hsr203J, which has proven roles in cell death, and NPR1, the master regulator of the salicylic acid-based resistance signaling that acts in plants resistance against biotrophic pathogens.Not Availabl