Common snook fed in alternate and continuous regimens with diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis probiotic.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the addition of Bacillus subtilis probiotic to the feed of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) fingerlings, in alternate and continuous regimens. Six hundred and sixty fish, with verage length of 5.90±0.88 cm and weight of 1.92±0.28g, were stocked in 12 cages of 1.0 m 3 , with 55 fish each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of diet with the addition of probiotic, provided in alternate regimen for 7 days and in continuous regimen; besides a control without probiotic in the feed. Zootechnical performance, body composition, immune response, and blood parameters were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in zootechnical performance indexes and in body composition of fish treated with probiotic, when compared to the control. Fish from the alternate regimen showed an increment in respiratory burst and a lower total erythrocyte count than fish from the continuous regimen and the control. Fish from the continuous regimen did not differ from those of the control. The addition of Bacillus subtilis does not increase growth rates of common snook fingerlings; however, it has an immunostimulant action when supplied in alternate regimen.Título em português: Robalo?flecha alimentado em regimes alternado e contínuo com dieta suplementada com o probiótico Bacillus subtilis

Total leukocyte counts methods in fish, Oreochromis niloticus

Haematological investigation is animportant part of disease diagnosis. The techniquesused for mammals are generally applicable forfishes with slight modification. The presence ofnucleated erythrocytes and thrombocytes in fishmay cause some confusion in the identification ofblood cells, mainly in total leukocytes count. Thiswork evaluated two different methods (direct andindirect) of leukocytes counting. Specimens oftilapia were divided randomly into four groups of 48fish each. Each group was further randomized intothree replicate experiments of 16 fish per replicatein 40 L aquarium and maintained for 10 days. Counting of leukocytes in peripheral blood wasdetermined in six fishes per group at the times: 0,3, 7 and 10 days. The direct method in Neubauerchamber showed a large dispersion of data inregard to the average, the opposite was observedin indirect method determined in blood smears thatshowed more homogeneity among groups. Due tothis factor the indirect method can be consideredmore accurate than the direct method for countingleukocytes in fishes.O estudo da hematologia é consideradouma importante ferramenta para o processode diagnóstico de doenças. As técnicas usadas emmamíferos são amplamente aplicadas em peixes,no entanto com algumas modificações. A presençade eritrócitos nucleados e trombócitos em peixespode causar dificuldade na identificação das célulassangüíneas, principalmente na contagem deleucócitos totais. A presente pesquisa foi realizadacom o objetivo de avaliar duas metodologias (diretae indireta) de quantificação de leucócitos. Espécimesde tilápia foram divididos ao acaso em quatrogrupos de 48 peixes cada. Cada grupo foi divididoem três réplicas experimentais com 16 animais porréplica em aquários de 40 L e mantidos por 10 dias.A quantificação dos leucócitos foi determinada em6 animais por grupo nos tempos: 0, 3, 7 e 10 dias. Ametodologia direta em câmara de Neubauer apresentougrande oscilação dos dados com relação àmédia, o oposto tendo sido observado na metodologiaindireta realizada em extensões sanguíneas,que apresentou maior homogeneidade entre osgrupos. Devido a este fator a metodologia indiretapode ser considerada mais confiável que a metodologiadireta para quantificação de leucócitos empeixes

Transplante de membrana amniótica para tratamento de perfuração corneana em cão

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Análise qualitativa de cálculos relacionada com idade, sexo, raça e localização no trato urinário de cães

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Refração por retinoscopia em cães

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Influência do cloro, sôbre a composição do caldo da cana de açúcar Co 290, aplicado no solo, na forma de cloreto de sódio

Considering the economic importance of the sugar industry among ourselves, the authors carried out a field experiment (Latin square) with Co 290 sugar cane, on a white sandy soil of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, applying NaCl in increasing rates (from 6.8 to 54.5 grams per plant), in order to study the effects of chlorides, on productivity and on the composition of juice. No toxic or stimulating effect was found, and there was no change in yield, in degree of purity of the juice, in general aspect of plants or in colour of leaves and culms. No difference was observed between potassium sulphate or chloride, as source of potash for sugar cane culture. Data collected and the literature cited suggest: (a) that the use of the variety Co 290 is indicated for soils rich in chlorine, such as the saline soils of the North-east and Atlantic Coast of Brazil; (b) that it is necessary to extend studies in Research Institutes and Agricultural Experiment Stations of the country to verify the behaviour of other varieties of sugar cane in the types of soils mentioned, especially with respect their yielding capacity. The authors are already planning such investigations

Efeito do maleato de timolol 0.5% na pressão intra-ocular de cães normais

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Nefrectomia laparoscópica em cão com hematúria idiopática

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