Dermatobiose em Panthera onca : primeira descrição e regressão logística multinomial para estimar e prever o parasitismo em animais selvagens capturados

Dermatobia hominis is a parasite widely distributed in neotropical regions. The parasitic phase of the cycle is characterized by the formation of a subcutaneous nodule in the host, which can promote infestation by other dipterans and skin infections. The aim of this report is to register parasitism by D. hominis in free-ranging Panthera onca captured in the Brazilian wetland and to determine significant biological and meteorological factors that are likely to influence the presence of larval parasitism in captured wild jaguars. Between 2011 to 2020, 34 jaguars were captured and examined manually by searching for lesions characteristic of myiasis. By manual compression in the subcutaneous nodules, larvae morphologically identified as D. hominis (first and third instars) were collected from 13 jaguars. A multinomial logistic regression showed that adult jaguars had 16.49-fold higher odds of being parasitized than subadults. Thus, jaguars captured in the season of July–September have 34.01- and 11.42-fold higher odds of being parasitized compared to the seasons of October–December and April–June, respectively, which is associated with high total monthly precipitation in the previous season. The present study is the first to describe parasitism by D. hominis larvae in jaguars.Dermatobia hominis é um parasito amplamente distribuído nas regiões neotropicais. A fase parasitária do ciclo é caracterizada pela formação de um nódulo subcutâneo no hospedeiro, que pode promover infestação por outros dípteros e infecções cutâneas. O objetivo deste relato é registrar o parasitismo por D. hominis em Panthera onca de vida livre, capturado no pantanal brasileiro e determinar fatores biológicos e meteorológicos significativos que podem influenciar a presença de parasitismo larval em onças-pintadas selvagens capturadas. Entre 2011 e 2020, 34 onças-pintadas foram capturadas e examinadas manualmente em busca de lesões características de miíase. Por compressão manual nos nódulos subcutâneos, larvas classificadas morfologicamente como D. hominis (primeiro e terceiro instares) foram coletadas de 13 onças-pintadas. Uma regressão logística multinomial mostrou que onças-pintadas adultas tinham chances 16,49 vezes maiores de serem parasitadas do que subadultos. Assim, onças-pintadas capturadas na temporada de julho a setembro têm probabilidade 34,01 e 11,42 vezes maior de serem parasitadas em comparação com as temporadas de outubro a dezembro e de abril a junho, respectivamente, o que está associado à alta precipitação total mensal na temporada anterior. O presente estudo é o primeiro a descrever parasitismo por larvas de D. hominis em onças-pintadas

Redescobrindo a onça-pintada em um remanescente de mata atlântica costeira no sudeste do Brasil por análise não-invasiva de DNA

Jaguar populations have been declining in Brazil mostly due to habitat loss and fragmentation, conflict with humans, poaching and reduction of prey. This is dramatically true in the Atlantic Forest, where occurrence of this large felid is now restricted to very few remaining areas. We used a non-invasive DNA analysis to search through felid scats collected in the Santa Virginia Unit (SVU) of the Serra do Mar State Park, to test for the potential presence of jaguar there. Our results indicated at least three individuals (two females and one male) inside SVU, thus confirming at least temporary presence of this top predator in this important protected area. It is now crucial to intensify studies in that area and surroundings, to evaluate the status of these individuals and identify conservation needs to urgently improve the prospects for the establishment of a resident population, allowing it to expand to adjoining units of the Serra do Mar State Park and Serra da Bocaina National Park.As populações de onça-pintada têm sofrido declínio populacional devido a perda e fragmentação de habitat, por conflito com humanos, através da caça e pela redução da disponibilidade de suas presas. Isso é particularmente drástico no bioma Mata Atlântica, onde a ocorrência desse grande felino está atualmente restrita a poucos remanescentes. Utilizamos análise de DNA a partir de amostras de fezes para verificar a pontencial presença da espécie no Núcleo Santa Virgínia (NSV) do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência pelo menos esporádica de três indivíduos (duas fêmas e um macho) no interior do NSV. Com isso, se torna crucial agora intensificar estudos naquela unidade e em áreas adjacentes, para avaliar a situação desses indivíduos e identificar as necessidades mais urgentes de conservação para melhorar a probabilidade de estabelecimento de uma população residente da espécie, permitindo que ela possa expandir para unidades de conservação vizinhas, como outros núcleos do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar e o Parque Nacional Serra da Bocaina.Fil: Moraes De Castro Souza, Andiara Silos. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Saranholi, Bruno Henrique. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Crawshaw, Peter Gransden. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoro; BrasilFil: Paviolo, Agustin Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Rampim, Lilian Elaine. Projeto Onçafari; BrasilFil: Sartorello, Leonardo. Projeto Onçafari; BrasilFil: Galetti, Pedro Manoel. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasi

The jaguar (Panthera onca) as a potential new host of Dracunculus sp

Nematode species of the genus Dracunculus (Spirurida: Dracunculoidea) infect tissues and body cavities of reptiles, domestic and wild carnivores, and humans. The definitive hosts acquire the infection by ingesting intermediate (i.e., cyclopoid copepod) or paratenic (i.e., amphibians and fishes) hosts. Here we report the jaguar (Panthera onca) as a potential new host for Dracunculus sp. The nematode was collected from an ulcerated cutaneous nodule on the left anterior limb of a female jaguar in the municipality of Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Based on the morphology of first stage larvae collected from a small fragment of the uterus of the adult nematode, the species was identified as Dracunculus sp. Reichard, 1759. Additionally, the morphological identification was molecularly confirmed by sequencing the cox1 gene. This report advocates for further investigations into the transmission cycle of this parasite in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland, considering the role of wildlife hosts and the zoonotic potential of Dracunculus species in that area

Contribuição da geotecnologia no planejamento para a conservação da onça-pintada no Pantanal sul do Brasil

The maps use is an important tool in assistance to plan for conservation of endangered species, providing subsidies for monitoring habitats and assisting in public policy decisions. This study aimed to make a map of monitoring area of nine jaguar (Panthera onca) individuals with GPS collars in southern Pantanal, Brazil. This proposal is to generate information, assisting in species conservation management by the environmental agency of the brazilian government, the CENAP – ICMBio and his collaborator, Projeto Onçafari. The spatial structure of landscape was represented by maps based on four RapidEye satellite images and one Landsat 5 image. The landscape dimension was 1317.25 km² and only 424.79km² (32,24%) is preferred habitas for this specie, the forest and permanent water. The data generated contributed to the aim proposed in National Plan of Action for the jaguar conservation, by ICMBio - Ministério do Meio Ambiente, providing information that support the development and evaluation of future action plans and creation of conservation strategies for jaguars in southern Pantanal, Brazil.O uso de mapas é uma ferramenta importante no auxílio ao planejamento para a conservação de espécies ameaçadas em extinção, fornecendo subsídios para o monitoramento de habitats e auxiliando nas decisões de políticas públicas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo mapear as áreas de ocorrência de nove indivíduos de onçaspintada (Panthera onca) monitorados com colares de GPS no Pantanal sul do Brasil. Esta proposta é gerar informações, servindo de meio para a gestão de conservação da espécie pelo órgão ambiental do governo brasileiro, o CENAP – ICMBio e a equipe colaboradora, o Projeto Onçafari. A estrutura espacial da paisagem foi caracterizado pelo mapeamento com base em quatro imagens de satélite RapidEye e uma imagem Landsat 5. A dimensão da paisagem foi de 1317.25km² e apenas 424.79km² (32,24%) de sua composição apresentam habitats preferenciais da espécie, a floresta e corpos de água permanentes. Os dados gerados atendem os objetivos propostos no “Plano de Ação Nacional para a Conservação da Onçapintada” pelo ICMBio – Ministério do Meio Ambiente, fornecendo informações que subsidiem a elaboração e avaliação futura de planos de ação e criação de estratégias de conservação da onça-pintada no Pantanal sul mato-grossense.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

I. Conservación de grandes vertebrados en áreas no protegidas de Colombia, Venezuela y Brasil

Con esta publicación inicia de manera oficial la Serie Editorial “Fauna Silvestre Neotropical”, la cual abordará diferentes enfoques sobre los vertebrados del Neotrópico, sintetizando aspectos básicos de su conocimiento como la taxonomía y sistemática hasta la gestión y la toma de decisiones, pasando por la biogeografía, ecología, biología, genética, evolución, conservación in y ex situ, y uso y manejo de la fauna silvestre, entre otros.Bogotá, D. C., ColombiaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbold

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data