Oxidative stress of crystalline lens in rat menopausal model

Purpose: To evaluate lenticular oxidative stress in rat menopausal models. Methods: Forty Wistar female albino rats were included in this study. A total of thirty rats underwent oophorectomy to generate a menopausal model. Ten rats that did not undergo oophorectomy formed the control group (Group 1). From the rats that underwent oophorectomy, 10 formed the menopause control group (Group 2), 10 were administered a daily injection of methylprednisolone until the end of the study (Group 3), and the remaining 10 rats were administered intraperitoneal streptozocin to induce diabetes mellitus (Group 4). Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) measurements of the crystalline lenses were analyzed. Results: The mean OSI was the lowest in group 1 and highest in group 4. Nevertheless, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant in terms of OSI (p > 0.05). The mean TOS values were similar between the groups (p > 0.05), whereas the mean TAC of group 1 was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicate that menopause may not promote cataract formation

Corneal melanosis successfully treated using topical mitomycin-C and alcohol corneal epitheliectomy: a 3-year follow-up case report

ABSTRACTWe report a case of primary acquired corneal melanosis without atypia associated with corneal haze in a patient with a history of limbal malignant melanoma and the effect of mitomycin-C. A 75-year-old woman with a history of limbal malignant melanoma presented with loss of vision in right eye. Corneal examination showed a patchy melanotic pigmentation with a central haze. Topical mitomycin-C improved visual acuity and corneal haze. However, the pigmented lesions persisted, and they were removed with alcohol corneal epitheliectomy. Histopathological examination demonstrated primary acquired melanosis without atypia. The lesions were successfully removed, and there were no recurrences during the follow-up period of 36 months. The association of conjunctival and corneal melanosis without atypia is a rare condition. In addition, co-existence of central corneal haze and melanosis may decrease visual acuity. Topical mitomycin-C and alcohol corneal epitheliectomy can be useful treatments in this condition

Glaucoma and Antioxidant Status

Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the world, is defined as a slowly progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal nerve fiber and visual field loss. Although increased intraocular pressure is the major risk factor for glaucoma, other risk factors include advanced age, genetic predisposition, family history, gender, ethnic background, myopia, and diabetes. Recent evidence indicates that oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species, occurring not only in trabecular meshwork but also in retinal ganglion cells, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of open-angle glaucoma. The aim of this chapter is to assess, based on the current literature, the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and antioxidant status in glaucoma. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Lens Concentration of Ofloxacin and Lomefloxacin in an Experimental Endophthalmitis Model

Background: Bacterial endophthalmitis is a serious complication of ocular surgery and penetrating trauma. The primary causative organisms are strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Fluoroquinolones are widely used to treat endophthalmitis. There are a few studies on the penetration of fluoroquinolones into the lens in inflamed eyes. A literature search did not identify any data regarding penetration of topical ofloxacin into the lens in normal and inflamed eyes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the penetration of topical ofloxacin and lomefloxacin into the lens in a rabbit endophthalmitis model. Methods: New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups. The left eyes were infected with an intravitreal inoculation of S aureus. The right eyes were used as a noninoculated control. Groups 1 and 2 received topical ofloxacin and lomefloxacin treatment, respectively, 24 hours after the inoculation. Two drops of the study drugs were instilled in the eyes every 30 minutes for 3 hours and then every 60 minutes for 3 hours. Lens samples were obtained 30 minutes after the last ofloxacin or lomefloxacin drops were administered. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the fluoroquinolone concentration. Results: Ten rabbits were equally divided into the 2 treatment groups. There was no significant difference in mean (SD) lens concentrations between the control and inoculated eyes in either treatment group-ofloxacin (0.26 [0.32] mu g/mL vs 0.11 [0.05] mu g/mL, respectively) and lomefloxacin (0.50 [0.87] mu g/mL vs 0.12 [0.08] mu g/mL, respectively). Conclusions: The results of this small experimental study found that topical ofloxacin and lomefloxacin can accumulate in the crystalline lens after installation. Inflammation did not affect the penetration of ofloxacin or lomefloxacin into the lens.WoSScopu

Choroidal thickness and retinal vascular caliber correlations with internal carotid artery Doppler variables

Purpose: Decreased retinal arteriolar caliber and increased retinal venular caliber have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This study aimed to evaluate correlations of choroidal thickness and retinal vascular caliber measurements with internal carotid artery (ICA) Doppler ultrasound variables. Methods: In this cross-sectional and observational study, 43 eyes and ICAs of 43 healthy volunteers were examined. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography was used to measure subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and retinal vascular caliber. The ICA Doppler ultrasonographic parameters were diameter, flow volume, peak-systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI). Results: Negative correlations emerged between ICA RI and SFCT (p=0.017, r=-0.36) as well as between ICA PI and retinal arteriolar caliber (p=0.015, r=-0.37). A negative linear correlation appeared between ICA diameter and SFCT (p=0.005, r=-0.42), although ICA diameter and flow volume showed no association with retinal vessel caliber (p>0.05). Conclusions: Choroidal thickness is negatively correlated with ICA diameter and ICA RI, while retinal arteriolar caliber is inversely related with ICA PI in normal volunteers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Impact of valsalva maneuver on corneal morphology and anterior chamber parameters

PURPOSE:: Our aim was to examine the influence of the Valsalva maneuver (VM) on corneal morphology and anterior chamber parameters. METHODS:: This prospective observational study included 35 eyes of 35 healthy volunteers. One of the eyes of each subject was selected randomly. The keratometry (K), pachymetry, corneal volume, iridocorneal angle, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, and corneal wave front measurements (high-order aberration, low-order aberration, total root mean square) were performed with the Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). RESULTS:: The subjects were aged between 22 and 41 years. There were 24 men (69%) and 11 women (31%). The VM did not have any significant influence on K-flat and K-average values (P > 0.05), but it decreased K-steep values significantly (P = 0.006). The VM did not have any significant impact on low-order aberrations and total root mean square parameters (P > 0.05), but it increased high-order aberrations significantly (P = 0.008). The central corneal thickness and corneal volume decreased significantly during the VM (P < 0.05). The iridocorneal angle, anterior chamber depth, and anterior chamber volume decreased markedly during the VM (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:: The VM has some influence on corneal morphology and anterior chamber parameters, so that it should be considered during anterior segment examinations and operations. Copyright © 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Retinal vessel caliber, choroidal thickness and ocular pulse amplitude measurements in essential thrombocythemia

Purpose: The choroid and retina receive most of the blood that enter to the eye, and this uptake may be affected by essential thrombocythemia (ET) in which thrombosis and hemorrhage is common. This study compares choroidal thickness, retinal vascular caliber, and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) measurements between patients with ET and healthy adults. Materials and Methods: Thirty.seven patients with ET and 37 age.sex.matched healthy adults were recruited in this cross.sectional and comparative study. Spectral.domain optical coherence tomography was used to measure the subfoveal choroidal thickness. (SFCT) and retinal vascular caliber measurements. The Pascal dynamic contour tonometer was used for OPA and intraocular pressure. (IOP) measurements. The independent samples t.test was used for comparison of measurements between the groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was used to detect correlations between the variables. A P 0.05, all comparisons). Blood platelet counts were not associated with choroidal thickness, OPA, and IOP (P > 0.05). Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers were statistically, significantly thicker in healthy controls when compared to the study group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results indicate that choroidal thickness and pulsatile blood flow are not significantly affected in ET and under high blood platelet counts. Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers are thinner in ET when compared to age.sex matched healthy controls. © 2016 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology

İznik Gölü (Bursa/Türkiye)’ndeki Gümüşi Havuz Balığının (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782) Büyüme Özellikleri

Bu çalışmada, İznik Gölü’nde bulunan Gümüşi Havuz Balığı (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782)’nın büyüme özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Ocak - Aralık 2006 tarihleri arasında yakalanan 3114 adet (1060 erkek, 2054 dişi) balığın yaş ve eşey kompozisyonu, yaş-boy, yaş-ağırlık, kondisyon faktörü, oransal boy ve ağırlık artışları tespit edilmiştir. Populasyondaki bireylerin 0-VI yaşlar arasında dağılım gösterdiği, II. yaş grubunun diğer yaşlara oranla daha baskın olduğu saptanmıştır. Yaş gruplarına göre ortalama boy ve ağırlığın 8,8±0,021 cm ile 30,9±0,271 cm ve 14,4±0,079 g ile 764,8±13,733 g arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Populasyonu oluşturan bireylerin boy-ağırlık ilişkisi W=0,015756L3,125 ve kondisyon faktörü 2,350±0,014 olarak bulunmuştur