ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ARECA NUT SOAP FORMULATION AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

ABSTRACTBackground: Areca nuts are widely grown in Jambi and areca seeds have antibacterial activity, antioxidant, skinaging and cosmetics. It has the potential to be developed as antibacterial soap.Objective: This study was to compare the antibacterial effect of betel nut concentration powder and extract in oursoap formulation against Staphylococcus aureus using the in vitro test.Method: Soap formulation was made with 3 concentration of areca nut powder in soap, namely 1,5 grams/soap(soap 1); 2,3 grams/soap (soap 2) and 3 grams/soap (soap 3). also with extract of areca nut 1,2 grams/soap (soap4). The final weight of soap was obtained 50 grams. Antiseptic soap brand X and Y as a control. Antibacterialactivity test using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with the well method.Results: The diameter of the clear zone produced by each areca nut soap was not much different (p>0,05). Theclear zone diameter of soap 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 24.28 ± 7,95 mm, 23,96 ± 6,41 mm, 23,87 ± 6,14 mm, and 23,08± 1,52 mm respectively. While, diameter of clear zone in brand X and Y were zero. Conclusion: The betel nutsoap formulation in this study has better antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 thancontrol.Keywords: soap, areca nut, antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureusABSTRAKLatar Belakang: . Pohon pinang banyak ditanam di Jambi dan biji pinang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, antioksidan,anti penuaan dan kosmetik. Biji pinang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sabun antibakteri.Tujuan: Penelitian ini membandingkan efek antibakteri sabun pinang dengan bahan aktif dalam bentuk serbukdan eksktrak terhadap Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan uji in vitro.Metode: Formulasi sabun dibuat dengan 3 kadar serbuk pinang dalam sabun, yaitu 1,5 gram / sabun (sabun 1);2,3 gram / sabun (sabun 2) dan 3 gram / sabun (sabun 3), serta ekstrak biji pinang 1,2 gram/sabun. Berat akhirsabun diperoleh 50 gram. Sabun antiseptik merek X dan Y sebagai kontrol. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakanStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dengan metode sumur.Hasil: Diameter zona bening yang dihasilkan masing-masing sabun pinang tidak jauh berbeda (p>0,05). Diameterzona bening sabun 1, 2 , 3 dan 4 masing-masing adalah 24.28 ± 7,95 mm, 23,96 ± 6,41 mm, 23,87 ± 6,14 mm,dan 23,08 ± 1,52 mm. Sedangkan diameter zona bening pada merek X dan Y adalah nol. Kesimpulan: Formulasisabun pinang pada penelitian ini memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih baik terhadap Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923 daripada sabun control.Kata kunci: sabun, pinang, antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureu

UMPAN BALIK PENERAPAN METODE CASE-BASED TEACHING PADA PERKULIAHAN FARMAKOLOGI BLOK KELAINAN SISTEM RESPIRASI MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS JAMBI

Background: In the medical program of Jambi University, Lectures on pharmacology use conventional methods. Teaching-learning with the case-method can improve critical reasoning and problem-solving analysis. Objective: to develop pharmacology lectures with the case-method and receive feedback from students and lecturer. Methods: The questionnaire contains several statements with answer choices using a 5-point Linkert scale, strongly agree-strongly disagree. The post-test assessment uses vignette questions, while the CBT test scores come from study program data. Results: Most of the students accepted the application of the case-method in pharmacology lectures. Some of the benefits that are felt by students include increasing understanding of pharmacology material, helping exam preparation, and the knowledges integration in learning. There is a significant relationship between post test scores and CBT test scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is good acceptance of students in pharmacology lectures using the case-method. Keywords: pharmacology, medical program student, block system curiculum, case-method, case-based teaching

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI MINYAK ESENSIAL KULIT KAYU MANIS (CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM) IN VITRO

ABSTRACT Background: Cinnamon bark has long been used as a traditional medicine. Cinnamon is also used as an aromatic spice and a flavoring additive in many cuisines around the world. Cinnamon contains cinnamaldehyde which is known to have antibacterial activity The aim of the study: to test the antibacterial effect of Cinnamon bark essential oil invitro. Methods: The antibacterial activity test was carried out in vitro using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer), with six concentrations of cinnamon bark essential oil, namely 1, 2, 4,  8, 16, and 32πl / ml. The bacteria used were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 Results: The diameter of the clear zone formed was different at each concentration (p<0.05), both for E. coli S. pneumoniae or P. aeruginosa bacteria. Conclusion: Cinnamon bark essential oil have antibacterial activity against E.coli, S. Pneumoniae and P. Aeruginosa bacteria   Keyword: Cinnamon bark, Essential oil, Antibacterial activity   ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kulit kayu manis sudah sejak lama digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Kayu manis juga digunakan sebagai bumbu aromatik dan aditif penyedap dalam berbagai masakan hampir di seluruh dunia. Kayu manis memiliki kandungan cinnamaldehyde yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian: Menguji efek antibakteri minyak esensial kulit kayu manis secara invitro. Metode: Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan metode difusi cakram (Kirby-Bauer), dengan enam konsentrasi minyak esensial kulit kayu manis yaitu 1, 2, 4,  8, 16, dan 32πl / ml. Bakteri yang digunakan adalah Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 Hasil: Diameter zona bening yang terbentuk berbeda pada masing-masing konsentrasi (p<0,05), baik pada bakteri E. coli S. Pneumoniae ataupun P. Aeruginosa . Kesimpulan: Minyak esensial kulit kayu manis memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri E. coli S. Pneumoniae dan P. Aeruginosa   Kata kunci: Kulit kayu manis, Minyak esensial, Aktivitas antibakter

UJI RESISTENSI LARVA NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI TERHADAP ABATE (TEMEPHOS) 1% DI KELURAHAN MAYANG MANGURAI KOTA JAMBI PADA TAHUN 2016

Abstract Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a public health problem in Indonesia. There are an increasing number of dengue cases in the city of Jambi, which in 2013 amounted to 315 cases and in 2014 amounted to 678 cases. Village of Mayang Mangurai was the region with the highest incidence of dengue in the city of Jambi. One of the effort to reduce dengue cases is through the control of dengue vector larvae with temephos larviciding ie 1%. There has been no research on the status of temephos resistance in the city of Jambi. Methods: This was an experimental study with post test only control group design. Samples are Aedes aegypti dididapatkan by simple random sampling technique. Samples were obtained from several homes located on RT 1, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 31 and 40 Mayang village Mangurai Jambi City in January 2016. The dose used is 1% temephos WHO diagnostic dose (0,012mg /l). Results: The results showed the percentage of mortality of larvae of Aedes aegypti from Mayang village Mangurai Jambi City to abate (temephos) 1% with WHO diagnostic dose (0.012 mg / l) of 100% within 24 hours of exposure. Based on the criteria of resistance status, Aedes aegypti larvae of Mayang Village Mangurai Jambi city is still vulnerable to abate (temephos) 1%. Conclusions: There was no resistance Aedes aegypti larvae to abate (temephos) 1%.   Keywords : Temephos 1%, Resistensi, Jambi, Aedes aegypti   Abstrak Latar Belakang : Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Terdapat peningkatan jumlah kasus DBD  di Kota Jambi, yaitu  pada tahun 2013  sebesar 315 kasus dan pada tahun 2014 sebesar 678 kasus. Kelurahan Mayang Mangurai  merupakan daerah dengan kejadian DBD tertinggi di Kota Jambi.  Salah satu  upaya menurunkan  kasus DBD adalah  melalui pengendalian  larva vektor DBD dengan larvasida yaitu  temephos 1%. Belum ada penelitian tentang status resistensi temephos di Kota Jambi.   Metode:  Penelitian ini  merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan post test only control group design. Sampel  adalah larva Aedes aegypti yang dididapatkan  dengan teknik simple random sampling. Sampel diperoleh  dari beberapa rumah yang berlokasi di RT 1, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 31 dan 40 Kelurahan Mayang Mangurai Kota Jambi pada Bulan Januari tahun 2016. Dosis yang dipakai adalah temephos 1% dosis diagnosis WHO (0,012mg/l). Hasil :Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase kematian  larva Aedes aegypti dari kelurahan Mayang Mangurai Kota Jambi terhadap abate (temephos) 1% dengan dosis diagnostik WHO (0,012 mg/l) sebesar 100% dalam 24 jam  paparan. Berdasarkan kriteria status resistensi, larva Aedes aegypti dari Kelurahan Mayang Mangurai Kota Jambi masih rentan terhadap abate (temephos) 1%. Kesimpulan : Tidak ditemukan resistensi larva Aedes aegypti terhadap abate (temephos) 1%.   Kata Kunci : Temephos 1%, Resistensi, Jambi, Aedes aegypt

Penyuluhan Penggunaan TOGA (Taman Obat Keluarga) dalam Rangka Peningkatan Kesehatan dan Pemanfaatan Pengobatan Tradisional di Desa Muara Jambi

Tren “back to nature” tidak terlepas dari kelemahan pengobatan menggunakan obat sintetik. Beberapa di antaranya adalah efek samping yang ditimbulkan dengan mahalnya obat sintetik yang tidak ramah terhadap penderita ekonomi rendah, sehingga pengetahuan tentang pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat sangat penting untuk dimiliki oleh masyarakat. Banyak sekali tanaman-tanaman yang termasuk dalam tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) yang ada di Desa Muara Jambi saat ini, memiliki potensi yang sangat tinggi untuk dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat disana. Tetapi karena kurangnya tingkat pengetahuan dalam memanfaatkan tanaman tersebut, masyarakat disana hanya menggunakannya sebagai bumbu dalam masakan sehari-hari. Dengan begitu, solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan memberikan pengetahuan tentang jenis-jenis TOGA dan kegunaannya bagi kesehatan berupa penyuluhan kepada masyarakat. Penyuluhan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat Desa Muara Jambi dalam pemanfaatan TOGA untuk kesehatan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan penyampaian materi dan diskusi, serta praktik langsung cara mengolah TOGA menjadi olahan yang siap dikonsumsi.   Kata Kunci: Penyuluhan, TOGA, Desa Muara Jamb

EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT KULIT NANAS (Ananas Comosus) N-HEKSANA TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ATCC 25923

ABSTRACT Background: Infectious diseases are generally treated using antibiotics and chloramphenicol is one of the main choice. However, it causes several side effects. Pineapple skin is thought to contain alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids which are believed to have antibacterial activity. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of n-hexane exctract of pineapple peel on antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: In this study, we used fresh Pineapple skin that dried, powdered and macerated with n-hexane with ratio 1:10 ml extract were dried by rotary evaporator. A paper disc size 6 mm were soaked in the extract for 15 minutes, then ready to tested. Chloramphenicol as a positive control and n-hexane as a negative control. Antibacterial activity of extract against Staphylococcus aureus were tested by disk-diffussion method. Results: The results of the qualitative phytochemical test of pineapple peel extract of n-hexane showed positive for alkaloids and tannins, and negatif for terpenoid. There were no antibacterial activity of 100% n-hexane extract of pineapple skin against Staphylococcus aureus. While the positive control using chloramphenicol obtained an average clear zone diameter of 22.63 mm which is included in the very strong category. Conclusions: It concluded n-hexane extract of pineapple peel have no antibacterial activity  against Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: pineapple peels extract, Staphylococcus aureus, N-hexane   ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Penyakit infeksi umumnya diobati dengan antibiotik dan kloramfenikol merupakan salah satu pilihan utama. Namun, hal tersebut menyebabkan beberapa efek samping. Kulit nanas diduga mengandung alkaloid, tanin, dan terpenoid yang dipercaya memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak n-heksana kulit nanas terhadap aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Metode: Pada penelitian ini menggunakan kulit nanas segar yang dikeringkan, diserbukkan dan dimaserasi dengan n-heksana dengan perbandingan ekstrak 1:10 yang dikeringkan dengan rotary evaporator. Kertas cakram ukuran 6 mm direndam dalam ekstrak selama 15 menit, kemudian siap untuk diuji. Menggunakan kloramfenikol sebagai kontrol positif dan n-heksana sebagai kontrol negatif. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak terhadap Staphylococcus aureus diuji dengan metode difusi cakram. Hasil: Hasil uji fitokimia kualitatif ekstrak kulit nanas n-heksana menunjukkan positif alkaloid dan tanin, dan negatif untuk terpenoid. Tidak ada aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak n-heksana 100% kulit nanas terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Sedangkan kontrol positif menggunakan kloramfenikol diperoleh rata-rata diameter zona bening sebesar 22,63 mm yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat kuat. Kesimpulan: Disimpulkan ekstrak n-heksana kulit nanas tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Kata kunci: Ekstrak kulit nanas, Staphylococcus aureus, N-heksan

Antifertility effect of betel nut (Areca catechu L) in male rat

Background: Betel nut (Areca catechu L) are traditional beverages in Jambi. Betel nut high dose has a cytotoxic effect on testis and other organs—limited data about the effect of betel nut as male antifertility.Purposes:  This study aimed to determine the effect of infertility on betel nut use at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) in male rats.   Methods: Ten male Sprague Dawney rats that had passed the fertility test, aged 2-3 months and weighing 150-200 grams ware used in this study. The rat was grouped into two groups randomly. Group 1, as the negative control, were received aqua dest, and group 2 was treated by betel nut with dose 50 mg/kg BW for 35 days. When terminated, testis weight weighed using micro scales. Blood collected for measuring testosterone levels. Histopathology assessment of testis used Hematoxylin Eosin Staining and sperm counting from cauda epididymis.Results: The weight of testis in the group received betel nut was lower than the control group. The histopathology of testis showed shrunk, reduced the diameter of seminiferous tubules, and like cytolytic lesions in the germinal layer—the total sperm number and progressive sperms also lower than the control group (p<0.05). There was no abnormality in Leydig cell and interstitium tissue.  Male rats after treatment could not impregnate the female rats.Conclusion: Betel nut at dose 50 mg/kg BW have antifertility activity in male rats

PERBANDINGAN DAYA HAMBAT MINYAK ATSIRI GREEN TEA DAN TEA TREE TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACT Background: Infectious diseases are a problem that is still a global concern. Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that is the most common cause of infection in the world. Treatment of infectious diseases is generally with antibiotics. One of the antibiotics that can be used to treat Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection is chloramphenicol. An alternative that can be developed to reduce the problem of Staphylococcus aureus infection and resistance to antibiotics is the use of herbal plants or medicinal plants. The herbal plants that can be used are green tea leaf essential oil and tea tree essential oil. Methods: The type of research used is True Experimental with Posttest Only With Control Group Design. In this study, the materials to be tested were green tea essential oil and tea tree essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with chloramphenicol as a positive control and aquadest as a negative control. Results: The average diameter of the inhibition zone on green tea essential oil was 11.45 mm, tea tree essential oil was 16.22 mm, positive control was 25.58 mm, while the negative control had no inhibition zone. and Green tea and tea tree essential oils are positive for alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids.Conclusions: There is a difference in the inhibitory power of green tea essential oil with tea tree. Keywords: Essential Oil, Green Tea, Tea Tree, Bacteria &nbsp; ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Penyakit infeksi merupakan masalah yang masih menjadi perhatian dunia. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri yang merupakan penyebab infeksi tersering didunia. Pengobatan penyakit infeksi umumnya dengan pemberian antibiotik. Salah satu antibiotik yang dapat digunakan dalam mengobati infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalah kloramfenikol. Alternatif yang dapat dikembangkan untuk mengurangi permasalahan infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan resisten terhadap antibiotik adalah penggunaan tanaman herbal atau tanaman obat. Adapun tanaman herbal yang dapat digunakan adalah minyak atsiri daun teh hijau (green tea)&nbsp; dan minyak atsiri tea tree. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah True Eksperimental dengan Posttest Only With Control Group Design. Pada penelitian ini bahan yang akan diuji adalah minyak atsiri green tea&nbsp; dan minyak atsiri tea tree terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan antibiotik kloramfenikol sebagai kontrol positif dan aquadest sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil: Diperoleh rerata diameter zona hambat pada minyak atsiri green tea sebesar 11,45 mm, pada minyak atsiri tea tree sebesar 16,22 mm, kontrol positif sebesar 25,58 mm, sedangkan kontrol negatif tidak memiliki zona hambat dan Minyak atsiri Green tea&nbsp; dan tea tree positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, tanin dan terpenoid. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan daya hambat minyak atsiri green tea dengan tea tree. Kata Kunci: Minyak Atsiri, Green Tea, Tea Tree, Bakter

HUBUNGAN DURASI PENGGUNAAN KOMPUTER PORTABEL DENGAN KEJADIAN COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS JAMBI TAHUN 2020

ABSTRACT The use of computers at work is very helpful and makes it easier for humans to complete their work. Prolonged use of computers can cause vision and eye problems called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). The type of this research is analytic with approach cross sectional by providing a research questionnaire and obtaining 219 research samples then using the chi square test. There is a significant relationship between the duration of computer use in a day with the incidence of CVS and environmental lighting when using a portable computer. It is known that there is a significant relationship between the duration of use of portable computers and environmental lighting with the incidence of CVS. Keywords: Duration of Computer Use, Computer Vision Syndrome, Jambi University FKIK Students.  ABSTRAK Penggunaan komputer dalam bekerja sangat membantu dan memudahkan manusia dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaannya. Penggunaan komputer dalam waktu yang lama dapat menimbulkan masalah pada penglihatan dan mata yang disebut Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). Jenis penelitian ini analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan kuesioner penelitian dan mendapatkan 219 sampel penelitian kemudian menggunakan uji chi square. Terdapat hasil yang signifikan pada variable durasi penggunaan komputer dalam sehari dengan kejadian dengan dan pencahayaan lingkungan terhadap kejadian CVS. Diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara durasi penggunaan komputer portabel dan pencahayaan lingkungan dengan kejadian CVS. Kata Kunci: Durasi Penggunaan Komputer, Computer Vision Syndrome, Mahasiswa FKIK Universitas Jambi

Association of hydrazine and SGPT level two hours after drug administration at the end of intensive phase treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Isoniazid in the regiment treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients causes side effects. Hepatotoxicity is one of the isoniazid’s side effects that need medical attention. Isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity has no correlation with high level of isoniazid in plasma. However, several animal studies show it has an association with hydrazine, a metabolite of isoniazid. The role of hydrazine in isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity among tuberculosis patients is unclear.Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of hydrazine and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels at two hours after drug administration in the end of intensive phase treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Methods: This was an observational study with cross-sectional design. Fifty eight newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were enrolled in this study. Venous blood sampling was collected at two hours after drug administration in the end of intensive phase treatment. SGPT level was measured by an automatic chemical analyzer. Hydrazine level was measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical significance was analyzed using correlation test.Results and Discussion: The incidence of hepatotoxicity was 3.4% and about 8.6% patients had elevated SGPT at two hours after drug administration in the end of intensive phase treatment. There was no correlation between hydrazine level and SGPT levels in this study. These results indicated that hepatotoxicity or minimal liver damage in some patients might occur in the administration of standard dose isoniazid. It might be caused by isoniazid’s metabolites itself, or various other factors.Conclusions: There was no correlation between hydrazine level and SGPT levels at 2 hours after drug administration in the end of intensive phase treatment in this study