Ecological Wisdom in Slash Burning Farming of Remote Indigenous Community in North Mamuju Regency

The slash and burning system is a farming system that is the most widely practiced in many places in the world. The System is generally sedentary from one place to others. Slash and burning community has developed ways to cultivate the fields so that it becomes an integral part of their cultural system. This paper aims to explain the sociocultural of remote indigenous communities in practicing slash and burning farming in North Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study was designed with a qualitative approach using ethnographic tradition. Data collected through interviews for selected snowballing and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). The informants include residents of the indigenous communities, indigenous elders, village heads and local government officials. The results of this study indicate that slash burning farming is done by indigenous communities in North Mamuju Regency for generations. Totua Panggare' or Bangunasa. Rice for people in the region understood as a manifestation of the ancestral spirits that must be respected or treated well like to humans treat. All the activities of farming are filled with rituals as a manifestation of their culture

KONTRIBUSI USAHA LEMANG TERHADAP PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI STRATEGI BERTAHAN HIDUP

ABSTRAKLemang merupakan salah satu makanan khas tradisonal yang terbuat dari bahan baku beras ketan yang dibungkus dengan menggunakan daun pisang dan dimasukkan kedalam wadah berupa bambu yang berasal dari Kecamatan Bangkala, Kabupaten Jeneponto. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menghitung kontribusi usaha lemang terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga yang menjadikannya sebagai usaha sampingan. (2) Mendeskripsikan strategi bertahan hidup rumah tangga melalui penjualan lemang yang menjadikan usaha lemang sebagai pekerjaan sampingan. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Unit analisis penelitian ini adalah rumah tangga yang menjadikan usaha lemang sebagai pekerjaan sampingannya sebanyak 17 pengusaha lemang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, kuisioner dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis pendapatan, analisis kontribusi. Analisis deskriptif dalam mengetahui strategi-stategi bertahan hidup penjual lemang. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pendapatan usaha kuliner lemang di Kelurahan Pallengu, Kecematan Bangkala, Kabupaten Jeneponto, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, rata-rata Rp 27.818.846/tahun, pendapatan rumah tangga rata-rata Rp 57.745.486/tahun dan kontribusi pendapatan usaha kuliner lemang terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga yaitu sebesar 48,17% usaha kuliner lemang merupakan sumber pendapatan terbesar dari semua sumber pendapatan rumah tangga masyarakat dan strategi bertahan hidup melalui usaha lemang sebagai pekerjaan sampingan yaitu apabila terjadi kenaikan atau kelangkaan bahan baku strategi yang dilakukan yaitu dengan mengurangi jumlah kuantitas produksi dan tetap menetapkan harga lemang seperi biasa selain itu dalam menyikapi persaingan hal-hal yang dilakukan yaitu cita rasa lemang diutamakan, memberikan bonus, ramah terhadap pelanggan dan kebersihan warung juga diutamakan.Kata Kunci: Lemang; Kontribusi Pendapatan; strategi bertahan hidup ABSTRACTLemang is one of the traditional unique foods made of glutinous rice wrapped with banana leaves and put into bamboo. This research is conducted in District Bangkala in Regency Jeneponto and aims at: (1) calculating the contribution of Lemang business to household income as part-time work. (2) Describing a survival strategy of household through the sale of Lemang as part-time work in order to be able to survive. The research methodologies used are quantitative-descriptive. The object of this study is  of household who works part-time with 17 Lemang shops. The data-collecting methods are observation, questionnaire, and documentation. The data analyes are about income and contribution. The study uses descriptive analysis to analyse survival srategy of Lemang sellers. From the research results, it can be concluded that the average income of Lemang business in Village Pallengu in District Bangkala in Regency Jeneponto of province of South Sulawesi is Rp. 28.903.205 per year, the average of household’s income is Rp. 59.242.792 per year and contribution of Lemang business is at 48.78%. Lemang business is a major income of a lot of society’s businesses, and as survival strategy  through lemang business as a side job of society If the scarcity of raw Lemang happens, the Lemang production is decreased and the cost of sale is set as usual. In addition, the Lemang sellers improve the taste of the traditional food, give bonus, and become friendly towards cosutumers in order that they can face the business competition. They also set the shop clean to make costumers more comfortable.The Key Words: Business Lemang; income contribution; survival srateg

Socio-Cultural Support For The Sustainability Of Food Production And Consumption In Highland Communities In Sinjai District, South Sulawesi Province.

Socio-culture is increasingly recognized as an important part towards sustainable food production and consumption.  This evolution is reflected in the fact that socio-culture is now generally referred to as one of the main drivers of sustainable food production and consumption. This study focuses on socio-cultural aspects in relation to the food production subsystem and food consumption subsystem in highland communities in West Sinjai District, Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Using a qualitative approach, case study method, with data collection techniques, in-depth interviews, full observation, documentation and triangulation. So that it can see in depth the socio-cultural reality of the highland community. The socio-cultural apparatus is one of the supporting factors in the realization of the sustainability of food production and consumption in highland communities. The socio-cultural apparatus is one of the supporting factors in realizing the sustainability of food production and consumption in upland communities.  The socio-cultural component in the food production of highland communities strongly emphasizes the value of togetherness, the value of mutual cooperation and religious values. These values are implemented into food production activities from land preparation to harvesting such as; "Appada Elo"; "Appatinro Bine"; "Passibaling"; "Ganre Pare Beru".  The socio-cultural component of food consumption in highland communities also emphasizes religious values (a symbol of gratitude to the creator and getting closer to their ancestors), the value of togetherness (serving food to others as a form of respect and appreciation) and prestige values (types of food such as: local varieties of brown rice). These values are wrapped in community norms that have been maintained for generations as an effort to maintain the sustainability of community food production and consumptio

Patterns of Food Consumption and Production of Mountainous Community in Sinjai District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Food availability of one area affects its community food consumption patterns. The area will use its natural resources to satisfy all needs of its society. This study aimed to explain the patterns of consumption and production of food in a mountainous area. This research is a descriptive study using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In qualitative approach, the data obtained by indepth-interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), whereas quantitative data obtained through household surveys of 40 households as samples. Field data collection is done systematically through questionnaires and interviews. There are two data sources namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from people in the local area either as informants selected using snowball techniqueor respondents selected purposively. Furthermore, the secondary data were obtained from the literature that correlates with research areas. The result shows that the pattern of food production in the mountainous region is divided into two types based on the land used that is wetland and dry land. The wetland is used by mountainous community to produce food such as rice and corn with a frequency of twice a year. As for the dry land, it is cultivated to produce vegetables that are produced throughout the year as daily necessities. The pattern of consumption in the community correlates with the amount, type and consumptive frequency of the food. In general, people in mountainous areas still consume rice as a staple food by eating vegetables and fish as complementary with a frequency of 2-3 times a day. This is because the access is still relatively easy to obtain these foods

Enchantment of Rural Farmers in Local Values Introducing to Achieve Sustainability of Agricultural

This research was conducted at the Bone-Bone, Enrekang District with an altitude of 1500-2000 meters above sea level. This study aimed to observe and interpret the practice of rice cultivation in rural areas in the charm of the viability of local values for long time. This is done to maintain the existence of complementary and each one so as not to cause harm to each other. The study focuses on actions that do exist when planting rice with the introduction of local values there in is a qualitative research approach to post-positivism in the interpretation of meaning will actions rice planting is done. Determination of the sample has done by snowball sampling in the triangulation of data. This study find that there are some farming practices as part of efforts to blend with the natural surroundings as an integral element between man and his land, plants, animals and other creatures that are nearby

NILAI BUDAYA PADA SISTEM USAHATANI POLA ‘DUSUN’ SUKU KANUM DI KAMPUNG YANGGANDUR KABUPATEN MERAUKE

­­NILAI BUDAYA  PADA SISTEM USAHATANI  POLA ‘DUSUN’ SUKU KANUM  DI KAMPUNG YANGGANDUR KABUPATEN MERAUKE    The Cultural Values on  ‘Dusun’ Pattern Farming System of The “Kanum” Tribe in Yanggandur Village Merauke Regency                    Puji Susanty*, Yunus Musa, Rahmadanih, Sitti Bulkis                                *Politeknik Pertanian Yasanto, Merauke                                   (email: [email protected]) Abstract“Dusun” is a specific area of the traditional land in Kanum Tribe, which been chosen as place for farmer to cultivated as rural areas for families or in Kanum Tribes Group  Society that been inherite from generation to generation.  This research aimed to describe the cultural values in managing the farming system of “dusun” pattern carried out  by indigenous community of Kanum Tribe. The research was conducted in Yanggandur Village, Merauke Regency.  Qualitative approach and  snowball sampling method were applied  to collect the data through interviews from  informants. In order to analyze the data it applied data reduction techniques, presentation and  conclusion as well as verification. From the research, it was indicated that the prime food crop that cultivated by Kanum Tribe in the “dusun” are ‘kumbili’.  The  Kanum Tribe still actively managed the farming system of “dusun” pattern because the “kumbili” farming system contained the cultural values which they had inherited from generation to generation. The cultural values contained in “kumbili” cultivation were the safety and religious value, the wisdom and  mutual cooperation value, and the responsibility value.Keywords: cultural value; “dusun” pattern farming; Kanum Tribe

RELASI GENDER PADA RUMAH TANGGA PETANI CENGKEH

Abstract This study aims to (1) identify the pattern of gender relations in the structure of work allocation and the allocation of time on clove farming, (2) to analyze the association between gender relations with revenue allocation on men and women in clove farming. This research was conducted in June 2016, with 34 respondents who are located in Seppong Village, District of Tammero'do, Majene. The method used is quantitative descriptive analysis and chi-square test. This study shows that gender relations in work allocation of clove farming are dominated by male at 50% of activity weeding, replanting, fertilizing, harvesting and transporting the ladder manufacture crop yields; the domination of female at 20% of activities, such as sorting and drying; men and women are equal to 30% of activities like watering, harvesting and sales. Gender relations in the farming clove time allocation dominated by male at 60% of activities such as weeding, replanting, watering, harvesting staircase manufacture, harvesting and transporting the crop; the domination of female at 20% of activities, such as sorting and drying; men and women are equal at 20% at sales activities, and fertilization. There was no association between gender relations with the allocation of income.Keywords: gender relations; male; female; clove farming

Climate Change Adaptation in the Perspectives of Food, Energy Crisis and Environmental Degradation for Food Sovereignty in Indonesia

The influential factors that have been identified to influence the food crisis energy as well as climate changes are population growth, economic growth, and social conditions. Local food development and food industrialization movement is the approach to overcome food and energy crisis as well as to reduce the GHG emissions. Promoting food industrialization for food sovereignty is a strategic effort for the vulnerability in agricultural sector. Climate change due to the greenhouse effect is caused by the consumption of fossil fuel that continues to rise due to the increased use of vehicles and electrical energy driven by fuel and electricity price subsidies. Fossil fuel subsidy amounting to 19 % of total government spending was mostly or about 84 percent of total subsidies enjoyed by 40 % of high level income of fossil fuel consumers. Approximately 10 % of richest fuel consumers consumed nearly 40 percent of the total subsidized fuel. In contrast, less than 1 %t of the total subsidized fuel used by the poor. There was about 30 % of the fuel consumed is not efficient because of congestion on roads due to the increasing number of vehicles, damaged roads, and urbanization. In addition, the use of energy subsidy inhibits the programs of alternative energy diversification and the investment for renewable energy. Fossil fuel subsidies should be removed and transferred to food subsidy to encourage the increase of local food production that supports diversification and food sovereignty

A study of human capital on institutional system of horticultural agribusiness

Agricultural institutions are one of the supporting factors in the development of horticultural agribusiness. Various previous scientific studies explain that good human capital will have implications for strengthening agribusiness institutions. The primary objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of human capital in the horticultural agribusiness institutional system. In this study, there were 5 (five) parameters of human capital were measured: individual capability, individual motivation, leadership, the organizational climate, and workgroup effectiveness. The five parameters reflect the characteristics of human capital, which are related to the institutional system. This research was conducted in Bantaeng Regency with 120 sample respondents, which were selected at simple randomness. Then, the collected data were processed and analyzed using a Likert scale and descriptive statistics. Each parameter that is measured is assigned a value and category of assessment. The scores and categories used were with a score range of 3.67-5.00 (good), 2.34-3.66 (fairly good), and 1.00-2.33 (poor). The results of the study indicated that, in general, the characteristics and quality of the human capital of farmers who manage horticultural agribusiness institutions were in “fairly good” category. This is indicated by the average score of the parameters measured, namely for the individual capability at 3.60, the individual motivation at 3.14, the leadership at 3.38, the organizational climate at 3.63, and the workgroup effectiveness at 3.30. Based on these research results, it can be concluded that the farmers, as the main actors in the cultivation and development of horticultural crops in the research location, had good skills in managing the institutional system as part of the supporting factors for the development of horticultural agribusiness

Strengthening Institutional Model of Women-Farmers Group in Developing Household Food Diversification

The research objectives are (1) examining food diversification and household food security levels in the Women-Farmers Group (KWT) in rural areas and (2) analyzing the existing empowerment model of KWT and developing an alternative model of KWT based on potency. The research was conducted in Bulukumba and North Luwu Regencies, South Sulawesi, Indonesia by taking unit of analysis at household of KWT level. The findings of the research include: diversification of household food consumption in KWT in both districts is still a relatively “less diverse”; except for vegetable consumption can be said to be “quite diverse”. This is caused by the diversification program through P2KP movement and yard use activities. Generally, food diversification scores obtained KWT classified as “food insecure” (mean score = 4). The needs potential based of KWT include: an increase in group training programs; economic enterprises development and understanding on food diversification. The alternative models of KWT based on potency, needs and experiences of KWT members include (1) model of institutional support (assistance, facilities, promotion and learning process) and (2) model of human resources capacity of group members include: appropriate training and development of leadership potency to increase capability in recognizing and solving problems of food diversification and understanding on nutrition and food