Master of Science

thesisTarbela Dam is the largest in Pakistan, providing significant fractions of the country's irrigation supply, hydropower generation, and flood control. The operation of Tarbela Dam has been based on maximizing the release of water for irrigation supply. This single objective approach has provided benefits for Pakistan but has not maximized the potential of Tarbela Dam for targeting multiple objectives and considering multiple criteria. In this study, a model was created with the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) System and used to explore the impact of altering the operations of Tarbela Dam in terms of reliability, resilience, and vulnerability (RRV) for the three objectives of irrigation supply, hydropower generation, and flood control. The reservoir performance for the altered operations was compared to the performance following historical operations for both historical and projected future climate and water demand conditions. Simulation results show that a new proposed operations strategy tested under historical climate and water demand conditions would increase RRV by 17%, 67%, and 7%, respectively, for the water supply objective and 34%, 346%, and 22%, respectively, for hydropower generation compared to the historical reservoir performance. The flood control reliability would increase by only 0.3%. For projected future conditions, the proposed operations strategy would increase RRV by 7%, 219%, and 11%, respectively, for water supply and 19%, 136%, and 13% for hydropower generation. For flood control, the reliability would increase by only 2%, while resilience and vulnerability would decrease by 33% and 39%, respectively. The study confirms the potential to improve the ability to provide more reliable and resilient irrigation supply and hydropower generation, although not to reduce vulnerability. The inability to improve flood control performance by altering operations confirms previous studies documenting the need for increased storage capacity. The use of multiple objectives and the RRV criteria is recommended as an approach to guide Tarbela Dam operations

Effect of Zinc and Boron in Combination with NPK on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Growth and Yield

A field study was undertaken at Oilseed Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during autumn 2013 to evaluate the effect of zinc and boron in combination with NPK on sunflower growth and yield. The experiment was laid out in a three replicated randomized complete block design. The treatments comprised of: 90-45-45 NPK kg/ha-1, NPK + 10 + 1.5 Zn + B kg/ha-1, NPK + 15 + 1.5 Zn + B kg/ha-1, NPK + 15 + 2.0 Zn + B kg/ha-1 and NPK + 20 + 1.5 Zn + B kg/ha-1. The results showed that zinc, boron and NPK in combination with each other caused significant (P<0.05) effect on growth and yield traits of sunflower variety HO-1. The plots receiving NPK + 20 + 1.5 Zn + B kg/ha-1 produced maximum plant height (160.6 cm), stem girth (3.6 cm), head diameter (20.4 cm), seeds per head (1255.3), seed weight (60.9 g head-1), seed index (1000-seed weight: 64.8 g) and seed yield (2386.0 kg/ha-1), closely followed by plots fertilized with NPK + 15 + 2.0 Zn + B kg/ha-1 resulting in 157.8 cm plant height, 3.4 cm stem girth, 18.6 cm head diameter, 1189.3 seeds per head, 53.3 g head-1 seed weight, 62.9 g seed index (1000-seed weight) and 2314.0 kg/ha-1 seed yield whereas, NPK + 15 + 1.5 Zn + B kg/ha-1 ranked 3rd with 153.8 cm plant height, 3.3 cm stem girth, 17.8 cm head diameter, 1150.0 seeds per head, 57.3 g head-1 seed weight, 62.3 g seed index (1000-seed weight) and 2277.7 kg/ ha-1 seed yield. However, minimum plant height (144.1 cm), stem girth (3.0 cm), head diameter (16.2 cm), seeds per head (1013.0), seed weight (46.7 g head-1), seed index (1000-seed weight: 57.6 g) and seed yield (2030.7 kg/ha-1) was observed in plots where 90-45-45 NPK kg/ha-1 (Control) was applied. Hence, results indicated that application of micronutrients (zinc and boron) in combination with macro-nutrients (NPK) enhanced the growth and yield performance of sunflower. Although at higher doses of Zn and B numerically higher yield was noted but application of NPK + 15 + 1.5 Zn + B kg/ha-1 showed non-significant differences with NPK + 20 + 1.5 Zn + B kg/ha-1 and NPK + 15 + 2.0 Zn + B kg/ha-1 almost in all the growth and yield parameters, particularly seed yield. Keywords: Sunflower, Zinc, Boron, NPK, growth and yiel

The variability of some water balance parameters of the premonsoon season in Bangladesh.

Dept. of Geography. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1978 .A436. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1978

The Socioeconomic Impact of Mirani Dam in District Kech, Balochistan, Pakistan

The purpose of the study was to know the socioeconomic characteristics of sampled households before andafter the construction of Mirani dam right and left bank canal, which were completed in 2006. The distribution ofirrigation water was initiated in 2008 for the cultivation of land. Due to construction of dam, production of all majorcrops has increased significantly. A representative sample of 8 distributaries and 371 farm households (211 from RBCand 160 from LBC) were selected for collecting primary information from the field. According to respondents afterconstruction of both canals their income level, consumption expenditure, and saving increased. The result of this studyrevealed that the economic status of the sampled household changes after Mirani dam right and left bank canal. Withthe increase of income now they are sending more children in school than before. The average number of goats beforeMirani Dam Right and Left Bank Canal were 5.96 TLU with standard error 0.54 and after it, increased to 24.94 withstandard error 1.85. The average number of camels before Mirani dam right and left bank canal was 0.11, Sheep 0.06,Cow 0.20 and the Donkey 0.09 respectively. Whereas the average number of the camel increased to 0.32, Sheep 1.27,Cow 0.20, and Donkey 0.56 respectively. Overall after construction of the dam the production of crops, number oflivestock, dead stocks, income level, expenditure, savings, number of pucca houses and number of schools goingchildren increased significantly because socioeconomic condition of the people in the study area considerablyimproved

Does Organizational Politics in Public Sector Mediates the Impact of Recruitment and Selection on Employee Performance

The presence of nepotism and favoritism during the execution of recruitment selection has now become a major concern for both developed and developing countries. Based on social exchange theory a framework was established to evaluate contextual performance, adaptive performance, and task performance as a result of recruitment and selection practice in an organization. Besides, the study also investigated the effect of nepotism and favoritism as a mediating variable between recruitment and selection, contextual performance, adaptive performance, and task performance. Moreover, data from 384 respondents working in the tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan were congregated and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results of the study reveal that recruitment and selection have a substantial impact on contextual performance, adaptive performance, and task performance. Consistently, the mediation effect was established. Furthermore, the current study is of significance for the HR managers of the hospital to formulate strategies to overcome this phenomenon particularly in the recruitment & selection process which in the end affects the healthcare employee’s performance

Long-Term Trend of the All-Bangladesh Summer Monsoon Rainfall, and its Association with the ENSO Index

Rainfall data for the summer monsoon season (May through October) at 15 weather stations in Bangladesh, for the 60 year period from 1951 to 2010, and ENSO Index data coinciding with the summer monsoon season for the corresponding years were analyzed in order to determine the long-term trends of summer monsoon rainfall and ENSO Index, and association between them. In this study, summer monsoon rainfall in Bangladesh has been expressed as “All-Bangladesh” summer monsoon rainfall, which is an aggregate of the average rainfall at 15 weather stations for the months of June through October, in each year of the 1951-2010 period. Results indicate (a) a very slow increasing trend of All-Bangladesh summer monsoon rainfall, at a rate of 0.2073 mm per year over the 60-year period from 1951 to 2010, (b) a very slow decreasing rate of ENSO Index at a rate of –0.027 per year over the same period, and (c) there is no relationship between All-Bangladesh summer monsoon rainfall and ENSO Index during the same period. Keywords: All-Bangladesh summer monsoon rainfall; summer monsoon rainfall trend; ENSO Index trend; association between All-Bangladesh summer monsoon rainfall and ENSO Index)

MOBILE ADVERTISING: A USER’S PERSPECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to explore the preferences of mobile users when it comes to mobile advertising, what they perceive are the main characteristics and functions of mobile advertising messages. Qualitative approach was used in this data was collected through focus group discussions. Qualitative thematic analysis with the help of Nvivo has been used to evaluate the texts collected from the participants of the focus groups. The findings of the study revealed that the main functions of mobile phone are personal communication, advertising and information. Moreover, mobility, immediacy and personalization have been identified as the main characteristics of mobile communication and lastly, product centred messages and customer centred messages are identified as the main categories as far as the content of mobile communication is concerned

Research on Intelligent Control of a 10-Channel Microwave Input Heating Microwave Oven

The increasing demand for precise temperature control and specialized process control in industrial microwave ovens has led to the exploration of advanced control algorithms. To address these challenges, innovative neural network control algorithms have been introduced. This article delves into the heating mechanism of a 10-channel high-power industrial microwave oven and offers a mathematical explanation for the microwave heating process in the chamber. Through MATLAB simulations, the heating process and the RBF neural network adaptive control system were investigated, demonstrating promising performance. An intelligent control system was then designed, incorporating components such as a 10-channel magnetron, microwave cavity, temperature sensor, and STM-32 microcontroller. Utilizing an RBF neural network adaptive control algorithm, this system independently adjusts 10 microwave inputs to achieve heating and maintain the desired temperature. Subsequently, a 10kW 10-channel high-power industrial microwave oven RBF neural network adaptive control system was implemented and experimentally validated for its effectiveness. This innovative approach offers adaptive intelligent control, enhancing performance across diverse operating conditions

Investigations of 2-Thiazoline-2-thiol as a Ligand: Synthesis and X-ray Structures of [Mn\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e(CO)\u3csub\u3e7\u3c/sub\u3e(\u3cem\u3eμ\u3c/em\u3e-NS\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eC\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3eH\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e)\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e] and [Mn(CO)\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e(PPh\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e)(\u3cem\u3eκ\u3c/em\u3e\u3csup\u3e2\u3c/sup\u3e-NS\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eC\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3eH\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e)]

Treatment of Mn2(CO)10 with 2-thiazoline-2-thiol in the presence of Me3NO at room temperature afforded the dimanganese complexes [Mn2(CO)7(μ-NS2C3H4)2] (1) and [Mn2(CO)6(μ-NS2C3H4)2] (2) in 51 and 34% yields, respectively. Compound 1 was quantitatively converted into 2 when reacted with one equiv of Me3NO. Reaction of 1 with triphenylphosphine at room temperature furnished the mononuclear complex [Mn(CO)3(PPh3)(κ 2-NS2C3H4)] (3) in 66% yield. All three new complexes have been characterized by elemental analyzes and spectroscopic data together with single crystal X-ray diffraction studies for 1 and 3. Compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 12.4147(2), b = 16.2416(3), c = 19.0841(4) Å, β = 90°, Z = 8 and V = 3848.01(12) Å3 and 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 21/n with a = 10.41730(10), b = 14.7710(2), c = 14.9209(2) Å, β = 91.1760(10)°, Z = 4 and V = 2295.45(5) Å3

Gender Differences in Corporal Punishment, Academic Self-Efficacy and Drop-Out in Secondary School Students

The objective of the present research was to find out gender differences in corporal punishment, academic self-efficacy and drop-out in secondary school students. The research design used for the study was correlation design. By using purposive sampling technique a sample of 250 (33%) students of 13-18 (M= 15.59, SD= 1.62) years was recruited from 741 public secondary schools of Lahore city. The Demographic information sheet, Physical Punishment Questionnaire (Malik, 2014), Academic Self-efficacy Scale (Gafoor & Ashraf, 2006) and school record for drop-out was used for the assessment of the participants. The data were collected from different public secondary school students and were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Independent sample t-test) through IBM SPSS. The findings of the study revealed that corporal punishment showed a positive relationship with drop-out. Boys were found to expose more to corporal punishment and had higher drop-out than the girls. Moreover, girls were higher in academic self-efficacy than the boys. The outcomes of the study are beneficial for the clinical and counseling psychologists and teachers as well as for the parents to comprehend the problems of the students and to resolve their issues