Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

A Systematic Replication of the identifiable victim effect (Small, Loewenstein & Slovic 2007)

This is a replication of the first study of Small, Loewenstein and Slovic (2007) "Sympathy and callousness: The impact of deliberative thought on donations to identifiable and statistical victims" for my master thesis

Cómo evaluar una réplica en psicología

En este trabajo, se hizo una réplica del estudio 1 de Small, Loewenstein y Slovic (2007) que estudió el efecto de la víctima identificable. Luego, se evaluaron les resultados de la réplica con tres métodos: significancia estadística, test de equivalencia y factores de Bayes. Al final, se encontró que bajo el primer criterio la réplica fracasó, pues no tuvo un resultado estadísticamente significativo. Según el segundo criterio, si el efecto existe, entonces debe ser menor que el reportado en el estudio original, pero hace falta más poder estadístico para determinar si el efecto existe. Por último, el método de factores de Bayes mostró que hay evidencia a favor de la hipótesis nula (i.e. que el efecto no existe), pero la evidencia es muy débil. A partir de esto, se concluyó que la evidencia disponible no permite rechazar la existencia del efecto de la víctima identificable, de hecho, es consistente con la existencia de este...The study 1 of Small, Loewenstein & Slovic (2007), that examines the identifiable victim effect, was replicated. Three methods were used to analyze the results: statistical significance, equivalence testing, and Bayes Factors. Under the first criteria, the replication failed because it didn't reach a statistically significant result. Under the second one, one can conclude that if the effect exists, then it must be smaller than the one reported by the original study, but more statistical power is needed to assess if the effects really exist. Finally, Bayes Factors showed that there is very weak evidence in favor of the null hypothesis (i.e. there is no effect). From this, one can conclude that there is not enough evidence to reject the existence of the identifiable victim effect, in fact, the results are consistent with its existence. The major limitation to draw a stronger conclusion was the lack of statistical power...Magíster en PsicologíaMaestrí

Longitudinal study on behavioral, psychological, socio-economic effects induced by the exposure to CoViD-19, by government measures, and by communication strategies in three countries: Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom

We will conduct a longitudinal study (with four waves) in three countries to measure short run and long run behavioral change induced by the exposure to CoViD19 and response to government strategy and communication. The study includes a baseline, two interventions, and a follow up. In week two and three, we will conduct experiments using priming to test: (a) if trauma and shock induce changes in preferences and cognitive performance; (b) if differences in terms of epistemic uncertainty, non value consensus, and conflict of interests affect approval of different communications strategies by the government (expert based, deliberative, and negotiation). In week four, we assess approval of contested claims that (1) the economic costs has not been taken into consideration, (2) the communication by authorities is too paternalistic, controlling for social desirability bias. Health and economic consequences will be monitored across the four waves

Libro de Proyectos Finales 2021 primer semestre

PregradoIngeniero CivilIngeniero de SistemasIngeniero ElectricistaIngeniero ElectrónicoIngeniero IndustrialIngeniero Mecánic