Changes of metabolism in animals due to conditions of a purulent wound process while using photomineralisation as dressing tools

The aim of our research was to study the dynamics of the General biochemical parameters of blood of laboratory rats in accordance with the phases of the wound process using phytomineralsorbent

People's trust in the field of pensions: the sociological analysis

Авторы статьи анализируют такую характеристику социального взаимодействия органов власти граждан и предпринимателей как доверие. Ими обоснованы методологические подходы, применяемые при изучении доверия. Также они приводят результаты проведения фокус-групп, посвященных пенсионной реформе и действиям граждан относительно пенсионных накоплений.The authors analyze a characteristic of social interaction of citizens and government and business as a trust. They justifies the methodological approaches, used in the study of trust. They also report the results of the focus - groups, dealing with pension reform and citizens' actions with respect to pension savings

GREENBUG RESISTANCE IN OAT ACCESSIONS FROM DAGESTAN AND CAUCASIAN COUNTRIES

Background. The breeding of resistant varieties is an effective way to control greenbug Schizaphis graminum Rondani, an economically important pest of oat and other cereals in southern Russia. The insect-host differential interaction necessitates a constant search for new resistance donors.Materials and methods. One hundred and ninety one accessions (mostly landraces) from the Caucasian countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) as well as from the North Caucasus of the Russian Federation (Dagestan) were assessed for greenbug resistance. The Krasnodar (Gulkevichi District) insect population was used in the experiments. The intact plants were uniformly infested with differentaged aphids in the phase of two leaves by shaking insects onto them. When the susceptible control (cv. Borrus) died, the plant damage score was determined using the scale from 0 (no damage) to 10 (91–100% of the leaf surface damaged, plant’s death). The plants with the score of 1–4 points were classified as resistant, 5–8 moderately resistant, and 9–10 susceptible.Results and conclusions. A local oat accession from Georgia (k-4308) was noted for its high insect resistance. Also, heterogeneity of the studied trait was demonstrated by 38 oats forms, most of which were differentiated into two phenotypic classes, and a wide range of plant damage variation was characteristic of 16 accessions. The specific occurrence of resistant forms was the highest among oat landraces from Azerbaijan: two out of five studied accessions (40%) carry resistance genes with a distinct phenotypic manifestation. They are followed by accessions from Georgia (25%), Armenia (17.3%) and Dagestan (13.8%). After selection for resistance, the identified forms can be used in plant breeding

Active integrated antennas and arrays with field-effect transistors

Electromagnetic wave generation processes in the hybrid log-periodic microstripe antenna on the dielectric substrate integrated with field-effect transistor are experimentally studied in the frequency range of 6─20 GHz. The possibility of synchronization and power combining in the array consisting of antenna-coupled oscillators placed on the common dielectric substrate is investigated. It is shown that the considerable increasing the generation efficiency and power combining can be obtained by using the external synchronization signal or quasi-optical design of the array

Greenbug resistance in barley landraces from Uzbekistan

Background. The greenbug (Sсhizaphis graminum Rondani) can significantly reduce the yield of barley and other cereals in the southern regions of Russia. Cultivation of resistant varieties can significantly limit the pathogen’s harmfulness. At the same time, specific interaction with the genotypes of the host plant, characteristic of S. graminum, requires a continuous search for new resistance donors to broaden the genetic diversity of barley cultivars. Materials and methods. The resistance of 178 accessions of barley landraces from Uzbekistan to the Krasnodar greenbug population was tested in laboratory experiments. Juvenile plants were infested with aphids of different ages, and when the susceptible control died (cv. ‘Belogorsky’), resistance was assessed on a 0 to 10 (plant death) rating scale. Plants with a damage rate of 1–4 points (up to 30% of the leaf surface being damaged) belonged to the resistant class; damage rate of 5–8 points indicated moderate resistance of plants, and that of 9–10 meant susceptibility. In addition, we assessed the aphid damage of the winter barley cultivar ‘Post’, protected by the previously identified resistance gene Rsg1.Results and conclusions. We identified 52 barley accessions as heterogeneous for the studied trait. In six accessions, plants with high (points 3 to 4) and moderate (5 to 8) resistance were identified; 6 accessions were differentiated into 3 phenotypic classes: resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible; and in 40 accessions the manifestation of the resistance component varied within 5 to 7 points (from 31 to 60% of the leaf surface being damaged). The distinctly expressed resistance of 12 accessions is controlled by alleles of resistance genes that differ from Rsg1. After selection for resistance, the identified accessions can be used in breeding

PARATYPIC VARIABILITY OF THE PERIOD BETWEEN SHOOTING AND EARING STAGES OF DAGESTANIAN BARLEYS

For three years 265 barley accessions from Dagestan were analyzed for the duration of the period between shooting and earing stages. Under the conditions of south planar area of Dagestan, the early accessions k-15008 and k-15013 have been selected. The accession k-15027 was characterized by a high rate of development in the Northwestern area of the country. The Dagestanian barleys were found to be strongly affected by the growing conditions, notably they have a high norm of reaction. It is concluded that vernalization temperatures, short day and high temperatures during the vegetation period promote earliness of barley

Juvenile resistance of barleys from the East Asian center of crop origin and domestication to powdery mildew

Background. A significant reduction in the yield of barley may be provoked by powdery mildew (causative agent: Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal). A vast majority of cultivars approved for use in Russia are susceptible to the pathogen. Including genotypes protected by previously unused resistance genes into breeding practice is necessary to ensure the national food security. Barley landraces could become a fairly rich source of replenishment for the bank of effective pathogen resistance genes.Materials and methods. The study covered 950 barley accessions from the East Asian center of crop origin and domestication: 449 accessions from Japan, 313 from China, 173 from Mongolia, and 15 from Nepal. The experiments were carried out on young plants in a climatic chamber under artificial infection conditions. The northwestern (Pushkin, St. Petersburg) population of B. graminis served as an inoculum. Plant resistance was assessed using a scoring scale. The resistance of the selected forms was assessed twice.Results and conclusions. Significant variability of barley accessions from the countries of East Asia in their resistance to powdery mildew was observed. Symptoms of the disease were not found on plants of 16 studied forms. Weak or moderate development of the B. graminis mycelium was recorded for 21 accessions. Twenty-seven accessions were heterogeneous in the studied trait. Various levels of resistance were identified in 64 studied accessions (6.73%), among which 44 represented cultivars and breeding lines, and 20 were landraces. The percentage of accessions susceptible to the studied population of the pathogen was 93.27%

The effect of responses to vernalization, photoperiodism, and earliness per se of barley accessions from Dagestan on the duration of the period from shooting to heading

Background. Paratypic variability of the development rates of barley accessions from the Republic of Dagestan was analyzed for five years in the Northwe st of Russia (Pushkin, St. Petersburg) and in the North Caucasus (Derbent, Dagestan). Responses to vernalization, photoperiodism and earliness per se were tested in contrasting environments to assess their effect on barley development. Such studies make it possible to identify valuable adaptable plant forms in the barley germplasm collection for further use in breeding practice.Materials and methods. In Dagestan, the duration of the period from shooting to heading was measured for 12 samples of barley accessions in winter and spring sowing trials. Twenty samples sown in spring in both regions were compared. An empirical indicator of plant development rate was used for barley: the criterion “the number of days by which the period from shooting to heading of an accession exceeds the minimum across a sample” (DPSH).Results and conclusions. Early barley accessions with a low norm of responsiveness were identified: k-3772, k-15013, k-15034, k-15036, k-15186, k-15192, k-21803 and k-23785 – they combined weak sensitivity to a short photoperiod and vernalizing temperatures, so they are promising for breeding in regions where the length of the growing season is a limiting factor. The effect of the responses of barley accessions from Dagestan to vernalization and a short photoperiod on the duration of the period from shooting to heading was on average 8 (5.1–10.6) days and on their earliness per se 6 (4.8–8.2) days. Paratypic variability reflects the range of variation for these indicators. In Dagestan, vernalization temperatures and insensitivity to a short day are the main factors determining the earliness of local barleys in their native environment

Variability of the period between germination and heading in spring barley accessions from Dagestan

Background. The genetic variability of the period between the germination and heading phases was analyzed in barley accessions from the Republic of Dagestan planted in the southern area of Dagestan (Derbent) and the Northwest of Russia (Pushkin, St. Petersburg). Testing barley development rates under contrasting climate conditions of Russia makes it possible to assess the paratypic variability and a norm of reaction in the tested accessions in order to identify environmentally adaptable plant forms useful for breeding.Materials and methods. Under spring sowing, 173 spring barley accessions were studied for the duration of the period from germination to heading. To compare the earliness of accessions planted at two sites with different sowing schedules, “the rate by which the germination-to-heading period of an accession exceeded its minimum value across the sample” was used as a criterion for calculations.Results and conclusions. Accession k-15013 was the earliest at both test sites during two years of studying. In Dagestan, accessions k-11439 and k-11475 with a low norm of reaction in 2016 and 2017 were also identified as early. Environmental conditions were found to have a significant effect on the development rate of barley accessions in Derbent and St. Petersburg. Dagestani barleys in the North-west of Russia ripened earlier than in the south of Dagestan during all the years of study. Vernalization temperatures proved to be the main factor affecting maturation schedules of local Dagestani barleys in the area of their distribution. A longer day and the absence of high temperatures in St. Petersburg contributed to the earliness of barley accessions

Combined Matrix-Isolation Infrared and Theoretical DFT and ab Initio Study of the Nonionized Valine Conformers

We present results of the first experimental observation of the nonionized natural amino acid valine. The study has employed the matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy and the density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio calculations. In the calculations geometries of nine low-energy valine conformers were optimized using the DFT method with the B3LYP parametrization and the 6-31++G** basis set. Additionally, the relative energies of the conformers were calculated at the MP2/6-31++G** level. The harmonic frequencies and IR intensities were calculated for all the minima found. These data were used to separate and assign the bands of the valine conformers in the experimental spectra. We found that two valine conformers are present in the Ar matrix: one with a bifurcated NH 2 ‚‚‚OdC H-bond (conformer Ia) and one with a N‚‚‚H-O H-bond (conformer IIa). A trace amount of a third valine conformer with NH 2 ‚‚‚O-C H-bond (conformer IIIb) was also detected. The conformational composition of the matrix-deposited nonionized valine was determined on the basis of observed and predicted IR intensities of the bands of different conformers. The composition is ∼94% of conformer Ia, ∼5% of conformer IIa, and less than 2% of conformer IIIb. The presence of three valine conformers in the Ar matrix results in broadening and/or in multiplex structures of some bands in the valine IR spectrum. Common features in the IR spectra of some nonionized natural aliphatic amino acids are discussed