983 research outputs found
Poissonian bursts in e-mail correspondence
Recent work has shown that the distribution of inter-event times for e-mail
communication exhibits a heavy tail which is statistically consistent with a
cascading Poisson process. In this work we extend the analysis to higher-order
statistics, using the Fano and Allan factors to quantify the extent to which
the empirical data depart from the known correlations of Poissonian statistics.
The analysis shows that the higher-order statistics from the empirical data is
indistinguishable from that of randomly reordered time series, thus
demonstrating that e-mail correspondence is no more bursty or correlated than a
Poisson process. Furthermore synthetic data sets generated by a cascading
Poisson process replicate the burstiness and correlations observed in the
empirical data. Finally, a simple rescaling analysis using the best-estimate
rate of activity, confirms that the empirically observed correlations arise
from a non-homogeneus Poisson process
Foraging under conditions of short-term exploitative competition: The case of stock traders
Theory purports that animal foraging choices evolve to maximize returns, such
as net energy intake. Empirical research in both human and nonhuman animals
reveals that individuals often attend to the foraging choices of their
competitors while making their own foraging choices. Due to the complications
of gathering field data or constructing experiments, however, broad facts
relating theoretically optimal and empirically realized foraging choices are
only now emerging. Here, we analyze foraging choices of a cohort of
professional day traders who must choose between trading the same stock
multiple times in a row---patch exploitation---or switching to a different
stock---patch exploration---with potentially higher returns. We measure the
difference between a trader's resource intake and the competitors' expected
intake within a short period of time---a difference we call short-term
comparative returns. We find that traders' choices can be explained by foraging
heuristics that maximize their daily short-term comparative returns. However,
we find no one-best relationship between different trading choices and net
income intake. This suggests that traders' choices can be short-term win
oriented and, paradoxically, maybe maladaptive for absolute market returns
Micro-bias and macro-performance
We use agent-based modeling to investigate the effect of conservatism and
partisanship on the efficiency with which large populations solve the density
classification task--a paradigmatic problem for information aggregation and
consensus building. We find that conservative agents enhance the populations'
ability to efficiently solve the density classification task despite large
levels of noise in the system. In contrast, we find that the presence of even a
small fraction of partisans holding the minority position will result in
deadlock or a consensus on an incorrect answer. Our results provide a possible
explanation for the emergence of conservatism and suggest that even low levels
of partisanship can lead to significant social costs.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Brain tumour growth in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields used in wireless cellular communication
In 1996 there was no convincing laboratory evidence that EMFs used in wireless communication could cause tumour promotion at non-thermal exposure levels. Therefore we then performed a study of the effects from exposure to such electromagnetic fields in the rat brain glioma model we were using in our research for brain tumour therapy. By stereotaxic technique rat glioma cells (RG2 or N32) were injected into the head of the right caudate nucleus in 154 pairs of Fischer 344 rats in both exposed and matched controls. Starting on day 5 after inoculation, the animals were exposed for 7 hours a day, 5 days a week during 2 - 3 weeks. Rats of both sexes were exposed to electromagnetic fields in the microwaves frequency range 915 MHz both as continuous waves (1 W), and as pulse-modulated at 4, 8, 16 and 217 Hz in 0.57 ms long pulses and 50 Hz in 6.67 ms pulses, all with a maximum power amplitude of 2 W per pulse. The animals were kept un-anaesthetized in well-ventilated TEM cells during 7 hours a day for 5 days a week for 2-3 weeks. Their matched controls were kept in identical TEM cells without EMF exposure. At the end of the exposure period the rat brains were examined histopathologically. The tumour size was measured with a calliper and the volume estimated as an ellipsoid. Our study of the 154 matched pairs of rats did not show any significant difference in tumour volume between animals exposed to 915 MHz microwaves, and those not exposed. Thus our results did not support that daily exposure to EMF promotes tumour growth when given from the fifth day after the start of tumour growth in the rat brain until the sacrifice of the animal 16 days later. In the present review our results published 1997 have been re-evaluated in terms of SAR dependence of tumour volume observed ratio (exposed / control). We thus surprisingly found that the shape of tumour volume-OR versus SAR response was of bath-tube pattern, similar to that found in our parallel studies of albumin leakage through the blood-brain barrier. Since the SAR varies between most other animal studies reviewed and human epidemiological studies this SAR dependence might explain the controversy in rendering the results
On Universality in Human Correspondence Activity
Identifying and modeling patterns of human activity has important
ramifications in applications ranging from predicting disease spread to
optimizing resource allocation. Because of its relevance and availability,
written correspondence provides a powerful proxy for studying human activity.
One school of thought is that human correspondence is driven by responses to
received correspondence, a view that requires distinct response mechanism to
explain e-mail and letter correspondence observations. Here, we demonstrate
that, like e-mail correspondence, the letter correspondence patterns of 16
writers, performers, politicians, and scientists are well-described by the
circadian cycle, task repetition and changing communication needs. We confirm
the universality of these mechanisms by properly rescaling letter and e-mail
correspondence statistics to reveal their underlying similarity.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
S-100 protein levels in the blood of Fischer rats exposed to 915 MHz CW-microwaves and magnetic fields.
EnglishPersson, B. R. R., Nittby Redenbrant, H., Malmgren, L., Brun, A., and Salford, L. G. (2020). S-100 protein levels in the blood of Fischer rats exposed to 915 MHz CW-microwaves and magnetic fields. Acta Scientiarum Lundensia, Vol. 2020-005, pp. 1-9, ISSN 1651-5013Abstrakt.Syftet var att studera nivÄn av S-100 i blodprover som tagits frÄn Fischer-344-rÄttor efter exponering för 915 MHz CW-mikrovÄgor och ELF-magnetfÀlt i TEM-celler. MagnetfÀltsexponering Àgde rum med TEM-cellen i ett Helmholtz-spolarrangemang med antingen 50 Hz sinusformat magnetfÀlt pÄ 5 ”T eller inkoherent magnetfÀltbrus IMF med en maximal amplitud pÄ 50 ”T.Det verkar inte finnas nÄgon signifikant förÀndring i S-100-koncentrationen i blod hos rÄttor som exponerats under 6 timmar för höga nivÄer (4W) av kontinuerlig vÄg (CW) 915MHz mikrovÄgor, 50Hz sinusformade magnetfÀlt (5”T) och osammanhÀngande magnetfÀlt (IMF) vid 50”T. DÀremot indikerar resultaten av den kombinerade exponeringen CW + IMF en minskad koncentration av S100 i blod.Minskningen överensstÀmmer med resultaten av en undersökning under 2010 att de extremt lÄgfrekventa (ELF) magnetfÀlten frÄn flÀktmotorn (50Hz AC, 0,3-1,5 T) minskade det förvÀntade BBB-lÀckaget av albumin pÄ grund av mikrovÄgsexponering .Resultaten frÄn andra studier indikerar ocksÄ att bioeffekter orsakade av exponering för mikrovÄgor reduceras genom överlÀggning med extremt lÄgfrekventa magnetfÀlt ELF. Det Àr dÀrför av yttersta vikt nÀr man undersöker bioeffekter frÄn mikrovÄgor för att ocksÄ kontrollera nivÄer och frekvenser av lÄgfrekventa magnetfÀlt i omgivningen, vilket kan vara en av anledningarna till den breda spridningen i de rapporterade resultaten
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