Bedeutung molekularpathologischer Methoden in der Onkologie: Pathologie und onkologische Entscheidungsprozesse

Zusammenfassung: Die Anzahl von molekularen Untersuchungen in der Histo- und Zytopathologie hat in den letzten Jahren, insbesondere mit zunehmender Bedeutung der sog. personalisierten Medizin bei Krebspatienten, stark zugenommen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen fließen vermehrt in die Pathologieberichte ein, die den behandelnden Ärzten als Grundlage für weitere Therapieentscheidungen dienen. Die wichtigsten molekularen Methoden, die derzeit in der Pathologie eingesetzt werden, werden mit ihren Möglichkeiten und Grenzen vorgestell

Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten für Eltern mit einer Querschnittlähmung in der Neugestaltung des Familienlebens

Darstellung des Themas: Eltern mit einer Querschnittlähmung begegnen im Alltag und im Familienleben diversen Schwierigkeiten. Aufgrund ihrer körperlichen Beeinträchtigung benötigen Betroffene Unterstützung, um ihre Rolle als Eltern wahrnehmen zu können. Zielsetzung: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Pflegeinterventionen zur Unterstützung von Eltern mit einer Querschnittlähmung, deren Kinder und Lebenspartner oder Lebenspartnerinnen in der Neugestaltung ihres Familienlebens zu finden. Methode: Anhand einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurde in pflegerelevanten Datenbanken nach geeigneten Studien gesucht. Fünf qualitative Studien, eine quantitative Studie und eine Fallstudie erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien und wurden in die Arbeit einbezogen. Relevante Ergebnisse: Es konnten Erfahrungen von Eltern mit einer Querschnittlähmung sowie deren Familien identifiziert werden. Die aktuelle Forschungsliteratur bietet keine Studien, welche Pflegeinterventionen zur Unterstützung der Betroffenen und ihren Familien untersuchen. Es wurde herausgefunden, dass Eltern mit einer Querschnittlähmung und ihre Familien einen grossen Informationsbedarf bezüglich des Elternseins mit einer Querschnittlähmung haben. Schlussfolgerung: Pflegefachpersonen sollten im Kontakt mit Eltern mit einer Querschnittlähmung und ihren Familien einen Beratungsbedarf erkennen und dementsprechende Schritte einleiten. Das Calgary Familien-Modell kann die Pflegefachpersonen dabei unterstützen

Bedeutung molekularpathologischer Methoden in der Onkologie: Pathologie und onkologische Entscheidungsprozesse

Zusammenfassung: Die Anzahl von molekularen Untersuchungen in der Histo- und Zytopathologie hat in den letzten Jahren, insbesondere mit zunehmender Bedeutung der sog. personalisierten Medizin bei Krebspatienten, stark zugenommen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen fließen vermehrt in die Pathologieberichte ein, die den behandelnden Ärzten als Grundlage für weitere Therapieentscheidungen dienen. Die wichtigsten molekularen Methoden, die derzeit in der Pathologie eingesetzt werden, werden mit ihren Möglichkeiten und Grenzen vorgestell

Batch and automated SVI measurements based on short-term temperature variations

Effects of short-term temperature variations on the sludge volume index (SVI) are evaluated with batch and automated mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) settling tests. The test-cylinder environment and meteorological conditions have a direct influence on the MLSS sample temperature (Ts). A Ts change of 4.3°C over the 30 min settling test duration results in an inverse SVI change of 63.0 mℓ/g, at an average SVI decrease of 14.8 mℓ/g per 1°C Ts increase. Ts compensation or control during routine SVI tests is not common practice, partially due to a lack of temperature-controlled equipment and an absence of Ts-based MLSS settling models. A practical solution is found to reduce Ts variations experienced before and during batch MLSS settling tests. An automated MLSS settling meter is used to demonstrate a semi-continuous on-line method to determine SVI at the operational reactor temperature (Tr) of a full-scale plant. Basic and best-fit SVI models are obtained from the SVI data generated over diurnal periods, based on MLSS concentration and Tr fluctuations. These SVI models confirm the inverse dependence of SVI on temperature for the site-specific conditions. A diurnal Tr fluctuation of 1.8°C results in an SVI change of 26.6 mℓ/g, at an average -14.8 mℓ/g SVI change per 1°C Tr variation.Keywords: activated sludge, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), model, sludge volume index (SVI), settleability, temperature, wastewate

Evidence for multiple superconducting gaps in optimally doped BaFe1.87_{1.87}Co0.13_{0.13}As2_{2} from infrared spectroscopy

We performed combined infrared reflection and ellipsometry measurements of the in-plane optical reponse of single crystals of the pnictide high temperature superconductor BaFe$_{1.87}$Co$_{0.13}$As$_{2}$ with $T_{c}$ = 24.5 K. We observed characteristic superconductivity-induced changes which provide evidence for at least three different energy gaps. We show that a BCS-model of isotropic gaps with 2$\Delta/k_{B}T_{c}$ of 3.1, 4.7, and 9.2 reproduces the experimental data rather well. We also determine the low-temperature value of the in-plane magnetic penetration depth of 270 nm

The PSI np data and their effect on the charge Π−N−N\Pi-N-N coupling constant

Differential cross sections of elastic neutron-proton scattering have been measured for the energy range from 200 MeV to 580 MeV. The angular interval for the detection of the recoiling proton ranges up to 48 degree in the laboratory system. This corresponds to an interval of the scattering angle from 80 degree to 180 degree in the centre-of-mass system. For absolute normalization the simultaneously measured np --> d Pi^o reaction was used above 280 MeV. The charged Pi-NN coupling constant has been determined to f^2_{Pi-n-p} = 0.076+-0.001

Recurrent phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour of the temporal bone causing deafness and facial nerve palsy

Abstract Objective: We describe the first reported case of a phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour, mixed connective tissue variant, invading the temporal bone. Case report: A female patient presented with increasing deafness. On examination there appeared to be a mass behind an intact tympanic membrane. Further radiological investigation showed a vascular mass occupying the middle ear, mastoid and internal auditory meatus. This was surgically resected and revealed to be a benign phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour, mixed connective tissue variant. The tumour recurred a year later, presenting as facial nerve palsy. A revision procedure was carried out; the tumour was excised with the sacrifice of a segment of the facial nerve, and a facial-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis was performed. Conclusion: This case report highlights the occurrence of this benign but sometimes aggressive tumour, of which both clinicians and pathologists should be aware. Early recognition of the condition remains of utmost importance to minimise the debilitating consequences of long-term osteomalacia in affected patients, and to prevent extracranial and intracranial complications caused by the tumou

The expression of PD-L1 in salivary gland carcinomas

Objective was to analyze the role of PD-L1 and its relation to demographic, patho-clinical and outcome parameters in salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) patients. Patients treated for salivary gland carcinomas between 1994 and 2010 were included. A retrospective chart review for baseline characteristics, pathohistological, clinical and outcome data was performed. Immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 was performed using tissue microarrays. PD-L1 expression was assessed in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) and statistical analysis with regard to baseline and outcome data was performed. Expression of PD-L1 (by means ≥1% of the cells with PD-L1 positivity) was present in the salivary gland carcinoma cells of 17%, in the TIIC of 20% and in both tumor cells and TIIC of 10% the patients. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and both tumor cells and TIIC was related to tumor grading (p = 0.035 and p = 0.031, respectively). A trend towards higher grading was also seen for PD-L1 expression in TIICs (p = 0.058). Patients with salivary duct carcinomas and PD-L1 expressing TIICs showed a significantly worse DFS and OS (p = 0.022 and p = 0.003, respectively), those with both tumor cells and TIIC expressing PD-L1 a significantly worse DFS (p = 0.030). PD-L1 expression is present in 17% and 20% of salivary gland carcinoma cells and TIIC. Ten percent of the patient showed a PD-L1 positivity in both tumor cells and TIIC. This is related to high tumor grading and therefore might be a negative prognostic factor

Optimization of Polymer Dosing for Improved Belt Press Performance in Wastewater Treatment Plants

A factorial trial approach was used to determine the relationship between process parameters and filtrate suspended solids, solids capture, cake solids, and yield stress. The work was conducted in a large-scale wastewater treatment plant where there is sludge thickening on a linear screen before filter press. The work demonstrated that there is a relationship between filtrate suspended solids, the rheology of sludge, and the optimum dewatering of the filter belt press. A relationship between the yield stress of the sludge on the BFP and the filtrate suspended solids was found. The sludge flow rate was the most influential parameter on the filtrate suspended solids and solids capture as well as yield stress. The linear screen speed was a significant main parameter for cake solids. The results showed clearly that the interaction between sludge flow rate and either polymer dosing rate or polymer concentration was consistently more significant than polymer concentration and polymer dosing rate individually. An important outcome from this work is that it shows that changes in polymer concentration rather than polymer dosing rate are more important for optimization and control

Osteopathology induced by bisphosphonates and dental implants: clinical observations

Objectives: Although there are many reports about risk factors for the development of BP-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws, the role of dental implants as a local risk factor is still discussed, especially in patients with oral BP treatment. Until now, a few case reports and surveys display a possible minor risk in patients with oral BP therapy, whereas the avoidance of implant placement is generally accepted in patients with intravenous BP therapy. Patient and methods: In this study, the cases of 14 patients with osteonecrosis of the jaws in association with BP therapy and dental implant placement were analyzed carefully with a detailed literature review. Results: Of 14 patients, nine had underlying malignant disease and five patients had osteoporosis. In ten patients, implants were placed either in the posterior mandible or maxilla; the mean interval between implant insertion and disease onset was 20.9 months. Pain (n12) and signs of infection (n10) were the most common symptoms. Histologically, signs of infection were found in nine of 11 analyzed patients with presence of Actinomyces in six patients. Two patients turned out to have infiltration of underlying malignant disease. Conclusions: Posteriorly placed implants seem to be of higher risk of development of osteonecrosis of the jaws. Not only the implant placement but also the inserted implant itself seems to be a continuous risk factor. Clinical relevance: The herein elaborated risk factors help dentists plan dental rehabilitation with implants in this high-risk group of patients and indicate careful and regular dental recal