A need for assurance: Do internal control systems integrate environmental, social, and governance factors?

In the article, we provide an original linkage between the corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) rating and the cost of internal control system (ICSC) stemmed from two closely related frameworks: the 2017 CoSO Framework, which calls to strengthen internal control systems to integrate ESG issues, and the EU directive on nonfinancial reporting (2014/95/EU) that entered into force in 2017. Thus, we evaluate both introductions showing ESG integration in the internal control activities. We cover firms listed on Milan Exchange from 2016 to 2019, providing a thorough analysis with robustness tests. The findings imply that firms should consider both ESG rating and the internal control system cost as strategic corporate tools for value enhancement; therefore, companies should allocate the resources appropriately to internal control activities to incorporate ESG issues and create value since internal control provides the first assurance for ESG integration. The limitations of this study pave the way for further research directions; incorporating the new amendment of the EU directive on nonfinancial disclosure, allowing for a better valuation creation assessment; and whether there is a substitution between sustainability performance and other corporate issues such as taxes and marketing expenditure

preliminary considerations about the transposition of directive 2013 34 eu into italian accounting system

With the Directive No. 2013/34/EU dated June 26, 2013, the Parliament and the European Council have decreed a new era for the financial statements of companies in the EU member countries. The introduction of the new directive aims to improve the coverage information of the accounting document and to begin a process of simplification of administrative burdens and standards for the preparation and publication of the financial statements. In Italy, the directive must be transposed by July 20, 2015 for which the associations of accountants are evaluating the specific contents of the new rules to make applications for Italian companies. Some of the new rules and above all part of the new structures of the schemes of the financial statements are quite different from the approaches currently in use for which very heated discussions are taking place

現地観測に基づく河川流の乱流特性に関する研究

博士（工学）神戸大

ACCOUNTING FOR DEBT RESTRUCTURING IN THE CURRENT CRISIS: ITALIAN EXPERIENCE BY ITALIAN LEGAL CONDITIONS

Since 2007 a financial crisis has hit economies generating inevitable consequences on Italian Companies solvency level. This paper identifies some intermediate solutions purely contractual arrangements for debt rescheduling between debtor and creditors introduced by the Bankruptcy Reform, which considers: recovery and resolution planning ,restructuring agreement, pre-insolvency agreements with creditors. To solve the crisis it is required the adoption of appropriate procedures aiming at the fair presentation in the financial statements. For this reasons Italian Accounting Entity, (OIC) on July 2011 issued a new document OIC 6, “Accounting Principles” which aimed to prescribe the accounting treatment and disclosures, produced by the debt restructuring. Finally, this paper highlights how the OIC n. 6 philosophy has emphasizes the public interest in preserving the firm as an economic value to the community

Preliminary Considerations About the Transposition of Directive 2013/34/EU Into Italian Accounting System

With the Directive No. 2013/34/EU dated June 26, 2013, the Parliament and the European Council have decreed a new era for the financial statements of companies in the EU member countries. The introduction of the new directive aims to improve the coverage information of the accounting document and to begin a process of simplification of administrative burdens and standards for the preparation and publication of the financial statements. In Italy, the directive must be transposed by July 20, 2015 for which the associations of accountants are evaluating the specific contents of the new rules to make applications for Italian companies. Some of the new rules and above all part of the new structures of the schemes of the financial statements are quite different from the approaches currently in use for which very heated discussions are taking place

Evidence for using the CCC(Cash Conversion Cycle) to test the relationship with the corporate profitability: an empirical analysis on a sample of textile Italian SMEs

The Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) is a financial index with increasing importance in recent years since analysts and investors consider it effective for financial analyses. The index provides a correct and truthful situation of the company\u2019s ability to cope with its liabilities and allows the company to monitor the cash cycle with reference to purchase operations, production, and sales of products. The CCC is an index expressed by days, so it is necessary to know the Days Inventory Outstanding, the Days Sales Outstanding, and the Days Payable Outstanding to calculate it. The purpose of this research is to analyze characteristics of the CCC and differences with respect to the other liquidity ratios and its relationship with the most relevant financial ratios through empirical applications to verify if it is a reliable index for making decisions regarding a company\u2019s cash flow strategy

Preliminary Considerations About the Transposition of Directive 2013/34/EU Into Italian Accounting System

With the Directive No. 2013/34/EU dated June 26, 2013, the Parliament and the European Council have decreed a new era for the financial statements of companies in the EU member countries. The introduction of the new directive aims to improve the coverage information of the accounting document and to begin a process of simplification of administrative burdens and standards for the preparation and publication of the financial statements. In Italy, the directive must be transposed by July 20, 2015 for which the associations of accountants are evaluating the specific contents of the new rules to make applications for Italian companies. Some of the new rules and above all part of the new structures of the schemes of the financial statements are quite different from the approaches currently in use for which very heated discussions are taking place

Bilancio di esercizio e principi contabili nazionali

Il volume illustra la disciplina contenuta nei principi contabili nazionali OIC emanati in data 22 dicembre 201