EMEEDP: Enhanced Multi-hop Energy Efficient Distributed Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network

In WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) every sensor node sensed the data and transmit it to the CH (Cluster head) or BS (Base Station). Sensors are randomly deployed in unreachable areas, where battery replacement or battery charge is not possible. For this reason, Energy conservation is the important design goal while developing a routing and distributed protocol to increase the lifetime of WSN. In this paper, an enhanced energy efficient distributed protocol for heterogeneous WSN have been reported. EMEEDP is proposed for heterogeneous WSN to increase the lifetime of the network. An efficient algorithm is proposed in the form of flowchart and based on various clustering equation proved that the proposed work accomplishes longer lifetime with improved QOS parameters parallel to MEEP. A WSN implemented and tested using Raspberry Pi devices as a base station, temperature sensors as a node and xively.com as a cloud. Users use data for decision purpose or business purposes from xively.com using internet.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1409.1412 by other author

Development and study of erosion characteristics of PEEK - glass fiber composites

The present work deals with the development and study of erosion wear behaviors of poly ether ether ketone(PEEK) - Glass-fiber (GF) and PEEK-GF-REDMUD composites. This work, study of its various mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength and density. This work also includes erosion behaviors wrt. Varying Velocity and angle of impact of erodent. Comparison of properties of PEEK-GF and PEEK-GF REDMUD composites gives a detailed idea about the effect of REDMUD in PEEK-GF composites. For preparation of the composites clean glass plates were taken. Mould release sheets were placed on the plates. Mould release spray was applied on them. The catalyst and accelerator were added to the polyester in proportion 1.5% and 1% respectively and are thoroughly mixed. For preparation of different composites i.e. is neat PEEK-GF composite, Red mud filling PEEKGF composite , this mixture was sprayed on the sheets to a thickness of about 2mm followed by a piece of glass fiber mat(cut in the shape of a rectangle). Again another layer of resin was sprayed. Thus a single layer of composite is formed. Load was applied on all these preparations and these were left for 48 hours for adequate curing and solidification. Then the mould release sheets were removed and molded composites were taken out. It may be mentioned that in all these composites the fiber orientation was set at 90 0. The important factors influencing the erosion rate of materials are the impact velocity, impact angle of erodent particles, the size, shape and hardness of eroding particles. This has been reported by a number of researchers for a wide range of materials and erodent. Many Investigators have used angular silica sand, alumina, corundum particles or irregular silicon Carbide abrasives. In the present study dry silica sand is used as erodent. Hence it is difficult to compare present erosion data precisely with literature data. It can be concluded that reinforcement of glass fiber into the PEEK matrix improves the flexural strength quite significantly, thus making them potential materials for structural applications. Addition of Red Mud to glass fiber reinforced composites also enhances the flexural strength, flexural modulus and tensile strength of the material. PEEK with glass fiber reinforcement exhibits better resistance to solid particle erosion in comparison to the un-reinforced PEEK resin. The rate of wear of the composite material is also greatly influenced by operational variables like impact angle and the velocity of impact. Further, material variables like erodent and type of composite also affect the erosion rate. The neat PEEK and 20% red mud filling of glass fiber reinforced PEEK composite exhibited maximum erosion rate at an impingement angle of 60 0 under the present experimental conditions studied

STUDY ON IMPLICATIONS OF COPY NUMBER VARIATIONS (CNVs) IN HUMAN POPULATION

Objective: To investigate the role and implications of copy number variations (CNVs) in different diseases found in the human population using various computational tools and databases.Methods: Five different diseases were taken into consideration namely Autism, Type-II Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Breast Cancer, and Psoriasis. To validate the CNV's associated with various human diseases different tools and databases were used such as CNV annotator, DECIPHER, Database of Genomic Variants (DGV), CNVD, CNV Workshop, CNV Web store. Finally, the results were analysed to identify the extent of CNVs association in selected diseases.Results: Among all the selected diseases, the maximum numbers of CNV's were found in the case of breast cancer which in total 3851 at chromosome number one. Among all the selected diseases, minimum numbers of CNV's were found in the case of psoriasis, and a significant amount of CNVs are present in all the selected diseases.Conclusion: CNVs constitutes a substantial fraction of total genetic variability and it has the importance in modulating human diseases. This study has shown a significant presence of CNVs in all the selected diseases. Hence it can be concluded that CNVs can be major causing factors in many other life threatening diseases as well and a specific study designed to identify these variations can open a new dimension in the development of novel therapy for those diseases

Design and Implementation of a (2, 2) and a (2, 3) Visual Cryptographic Scheme

In this paper two methods for (2, 2) and (2, 3) visual cryptographic scheme(VCS) is proposed. The first scheme considers 4 pixels of input image at a time and generates 4 output pixels in each share. As 4 output pixels are generated from 4 input pixels dimension and aspect ratio of the decrypted image remain same during the process. The second scheme considers 2 pixels (1 block) of input image at a time and generates 3 output pixels in each share. Here probability of 1/3 for black pixel is maintained in each share. The scheme improves the contrast of output image. The dimension of revealed image is increased by 1.5 times in horizontal direction and remains same in vertical direction

A Simple Scheme for Visual Cryptography

Here an algorithm is proposed to implement (2, 2) secret sharing problem which reduces the size (resolution) of the generated shares. Instead of considering one pixel at a time to generate the share, two consecutive pixels of the original image are considered row wise. Finally a pixel share having six pixels is generated for the considered two consecutive pixels. Thus we get six pixels instead of eight pixels in the shares corresponding to two pixels in the original image. As a result two pixels (8-6 = 2) in the share are reduced corresponding to two pixels of original image

Acoustic response of clamped isotropic plate with discrete patches and point masses having different thickness variation

In the present work, sound power radiation response of a clamped rectangular plate with attached discrete masses and discrete patches is analysed. Four different thickness variations with taper ratios (HX) 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 are considered. Rayleigh integral is used to predict the sound radiation characteristics. Plate with four patches with linearly increasing – decreasing thickness variation at taper ratio (HX = 0.3) is most effective in achieving the minimum peak sound power level. With this configuration (linearly increasing – decreasing), a wider choice of taper ratio of (0.15-0.45) is possible for obtaining minimum peak sound power level for all the cases considered

From cognitive psychology to image segmentation: A change of perspective

Image segmentation is a complex and essential task used in many computer vision applications. The problem of image segmentation can essentially be formulated as a grouping problem which in its simplest form tries to group the pixels of image into distinguished regions of interest so that further processing of the extracted regions can be achieved. This work proposes an image segmentation model which is inspired by the findings in cognitive psychology theories to divide the image into separate coherent regions. The proposed work tries to correlate between human and machine cognition by studying the segmentation process under the light of psychology of human vision

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Emulgel of Clindamycin Phosphate for Effective Treatment of Acne

Emulgel have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual release control system i.e. gel and emulsion. The topical applications of the drug offers the potential advantages of delivering the drug directly to the site of action and delivering the drug for extended period of time at the effected site that mainly acts at the related regions. The major objective behind this formulation is enhancing the topical delivery of hydrophobic drug (clindamycin phosphate) by formulating clindamycin phosphate emulgel using carbopol 941 as a gelling agent. In addition, light liquid paraffin as oil, tween-20 and span-20 as emulsifiers and propylene glycol as co-surfactant were selected for preparation of emulgel. Clindamycin phosphate is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of infections. It is of the lincosamide class. Clindamycin phosphate is a semi synthetic lincosamide antibiotic that has largely replaced lincomycin due to an improved side effect profile. Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits. Topical clindamycin phosphate reduces free fatty acid concentrations on the skin and suppresses the growth of Propionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium acnes), an anaerobe found in sebaceous glands and follicles.  The prepared emulgel were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, in vitro drug release, anti acne activity and stability. All the prepared emulgel showed acceptable physical properties, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, viscosity and pH value. The best formulation F4 showed better antiacne activity when compared with all formulation. Keywords: Emulgel, Clindamycin phosphate, Extrudability, Spreadability, Antiacne activit

Socio-demographic and Clinico-pathological Profile of Cervical Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre in New Delhi: A Five-Year Retrospective analysis

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major public health challenge in low and middle-income countries including India. However, if detected early, it is preventable and curable. Objective: The present study aimed to ascertain the sociodemographic and clinical profile of cervical cancer patients visiting a tertiary cancer center. Methodology: A retrospective study was carried out at the Delhi State Cancer Institute, New Delhi. The study population included 136 women who were diagnosed with cervical cancer. A pretested data extraction sheet was used as the study tool for collecting information from the inpatient records. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were performed and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 136 cervical cancer patients with mean age of 46 ± 9.85 and mean BMI of 23.78 ± 5.03, were studied retrospectively. About 36.8% of patients were aged between 40-49 years and 57.4% were illiterate. While 40.4% of the patients belonged to FIGO stage II, 27.2% had FIGO stage III cancer. Majority (63.2%) of patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), while the rest were adenocarcinoma (25%) and adenosquamous (11.8%). Clinical stage of cancer was found to be significantly associated with educational status (p=0.03) and dietary practices (p=.007). Conclusion: Our study found higher percentage of women with stage II and III cervical lesions and reaffirms the importance of education and healthy diet in early detection and prevention of cervical cancer. Therefore, it is suggested that accelerated population awareness and screening, incorporating digital innovations including vaccination programs are mandatory

INVESTIGATION, THERAPY AND USE OF MOLECULAR BIOMARKER IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Abstract In this article we will discuss anatomy and physiology of kidney in the body. We will define causes, symptoms, stage, complications of chronic kidney disease and use of new technologies of biomarker. When the kidneys are not working properly creatinine levels increased in body, which cause the symptoms of renal failure. Hypertension, tiredness, headache, swelling face and ankles are the symptoms of kidney disease. The Biomarkers use is important for the chronic kidney disease. It is used to confirm the presence of disease. The molecular biomarker in GFR Test is the most important role in chronic renal disease. This study came across the biomarkers of identification of CKD. Disease-specific markers may supplement more general biomarkers. Biomarkers can range from simple physiologic measurements of pulse and blood pressure. Blood samples are test by the help of GFR Test. The GFR is estimated using serum creatinine, a readily available and inexpensive marker. However, serum creatinine varies with age, sex, muscle mass, dietary habits, and medications. Similarly, urine albumin reflects glomerular injury, glomerular permeability, or tubular injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and glomerular hyper filtration .Finally these biomarkers have confirmed the capability to identify early damage, localize injury. Whether the newly identified or kidney biomarkers of underlying pathophysiological processes are purely associations are need to be determine. An approach to bio-marker advance that incorporate mutual with regulatory science involving discipline that is required to make sure that balanced, proof based biomarker development keeps speed with technical and medical need