Los balcones históricos de la Valencia intramuros. Una metodología de investigación

Los balcones son un elemento característico del ambiente urbano de la ciudad de Valencia. En este articulo se analizan los resultados obtenidos a través la investigación multifacética que se fundamentó en tres ámbitos específicos: los vaciados de archivo, ejecutados en el Archivo Histórico Municipal de Valencia, el estudio tipológico, métrico y formal de casos concretos y la catalogación de los balcones tradicionales de la Valencia intramuros. A través de investigación de archivo se ha llegado a demostrar que esté elemento arquitectónico conquistó visualmente la ciudad a lo largo del siglo XVIII, renovando la apariencia de los edificios ya existentes, mientras, a lo largo del siglo XIX ,este elemento entra a formar parte del léxico arquitectónico valenciano, desarrollando una especificidad morfológica. El estudio tipológico ha ido formando las bases para la correcta catalogación de los balcones tradicionales existentes al día de hoy en la ciudad de Valencia, llegando a la creación de un esquema sinóptico en el que se describen las variaciones tecnológico-formal de las tres familias de balcones identificadas: los balcones en forma de jaula, los balcones con jaula partida y los balcones con estructura escondida. A través de una base de datos se han analizado más de 3.000 fichas de balcones llegando a describir el estado de conservación urbana de los modelos históricos.Privitera, P. (2011). Los balcones históricos de la Valencia intramuros. Una metodología de investigación. Arché. (6):419-426. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/34470419426

The Action of the Public Power over the Private: the Rules on Cantilevering of Features and Balconies in the city of Valencia (1238-1796)

Banned by the first Privileges of James I and by the Castilian Renaissance rules enforced after the Nueva Planta decrees (1707), still in the middle of the Eighteenth Century, overhangs and balconies over the public street were a problem for the City of Valencia. Indeed, the dimensions of these elements sometimes made impossible for transeutents to use the streets or they endangered people because of the poor conditions of those structures’ mantaiment. This study, based on unpublished sources from the Municipal Historical Archive of Valencia, relates the development of the legal instruments of the administrative power of the City of Valencia to counteract a situation of widespread and entrenched illegality in order to relocate the public interest over the private one.A pesar de haber sido vedados por los primeros Fueros de Jaime I y por las normas renacentistas castellana entradas en vigor después del Edicto de la Nueva Planta (1707), todavía a mediados del siglo XVIII saledizos y balcones volados sobre la calle pública representaban un problema para la capital del Turia. Efectivamente, las dimensiones de estos elementos llegaban a veces a imposibilitar el uso de las calles a los transeuntes o a ponerlos en peligro a causa de las pobres condiciones de conservación de las estructuras. Este estudio, basado en fuentes inéditas del Archivo Histórico Municipal de Valencia, relata el desarrollo de los instrumentos legales del poder administrativo de la Ciudad de Valencia para contrarrestar una situación de ilegalidad difundida y arraigada con el fin de reubicar el interés público por encima del privado

SINPHOS - SINgle PHOton spectrometer for biomedical application

In the last decades several experiments have clearly demonstrated that, once illuminated, all biological systems emit for some time a very weak flux of photons, called Delayed Luminescence (DL). Some recent results have shown the possibility of using the DL as a diagnostic tool in the field of optical biopsy or of multi-dimensional diagnostics. Following such indications we decided to start developing SINPHOS, a monolithic micro-device, capable of measuring simultaneously the time distribution and the spectrum of photons coming from a weak source. Two important innovative aspects will characterize this spectrometer: the optical part, realized by means of the Deep Lithography with Particles (DLP), and SPAD (Single Photon Avalanche Diode) detectors under development along with ST-Microelectronics

ChatGPT and the rise of large language models: the new AI-driven infodemic threat in public health

: Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently gathered attention with the release of ChatGPT, a user-centered chatbot released by OpenAI. In this perspective article, we retrace the evolution of LLMs to understand the revolution brought by ChatGPT in the artificial intelligence (AI) field. The opportunities offered by LLMs in supporting scientific research are multiple and various models have already been tested in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks in this domain. The impact of ChatGPT has been huge for the general public and the research community, with many authors using the chatbot to write part of their articles and some papers even listing ChatGPT as an author. Alarming ethical and practical challenges emerge from the use of LLMs, particularly in the medical field for the potential impact on public health. Infodemic is a trending topic in public health and the ability of LLMs to rapidly produce vast amounts of text could leverage misinformation spread at an unprecedented scale, this could create an "AI-driven infodemic," a novel public health threat. Policies to contrast this phenomenon need to be rapidly elaborated, the inability to accurately detect artificial-intelligence-produced text is an unresolved issue

DAMIC at SNOLAB

We introduce the fully-depleted charge-coupled device (CCD) as a particle detector. We demonstrate its low energy threshold operation, capable of detecting ionizing energy depositions in a single pixel down to 50 eVee. We present results of energy calibrations from 0.3 keVee to 60 keVee, showing that the CCD is a fully active detector with uniform energy response throughout the silicon target, good resolution (Fano ~0.16), and remarkable linear response to electron energy depositions. We show the capability of the CCD to localize the depth of particle interactions within the silicon target. We discuss the mode of operation and unique imaging capabilities of the CCD, and how they may be exploited to characterize and suppress backgrounds. We present the first results from the deployment of 250 um thick CCDs in SNOLAB, a prototype for the upcoming DAMIC100. DAMIC100 will have a target mass of 0.1 kg and should be able to directly test the CDMS-Si signal within a year of operation.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, proceedings prepared for 13th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP2013

Sleep habits and pattern in 1-14 years old children and relationship with video devices use and evening and night child activities

Background: Sleep in childhood and adolescence is crucial for mental and physical health; however several researches reported an increasing trend towards a sleep deprivation in this age. Due to the lack of recent epidemiological studies in Italy, the aim of our study was to depict sleep habits and patterns in Italian children aged 1-14 years and to evaluate their relationships with video devices use (TV, tablet, smartphone, PC) and evening/night child activities. Methods: A structured interview was conducted during 2015 by 72 Family Pediatricians in 2030 healthy children aged 1-14 years by a cross-sectional survey named "Ci piace sognare". Total sleep duration was calculated, 2015 National Sleep Foundation Recommendations were used as reference. Optimal sleepers were defined children sleeping in own bed all night without awakenings. Multivariable median regression was performed to identify predictors of sleep duration and multivariable logistic regression for predictors of optimal sleep. Results: Total sleep duration and numbers of awakenings decreased with age. Only 66.9% of children had sleep duration in agreement with Recommendations (50% in 10-14 years group). Before sleeping 63.5% of children used video devices (39.6% at 1-3 years), 39.1% read, 27.5% drank and 19.5% ate. Bottle users at bedtime were 30.8% at 1-3 years, 16.6% at 3-5 years and 4.9% at 5-7 years. Overall, 23.4% of children changed sleeping place during the night, 22.4% referred sleeping problems in the first year of life. Video devices use was negative predictor of sleep duration (-0.25 h [95% CI:-0.35,-0.14], p < 0.001). Optimal sleep was inversely related with bedroom TV (OR 0.63 [0.50,0.79], p < 0.001), with sleeping disorders in the first year (OR 0.62 [0.48,0.80], p < 0.001)), with bottle use (OR 0.64 [0.44,0.94], p < 0.05) and posivively related with high mother's education level (OR 1.44 [1.11,1.88], p < 0.01). Conclusions: About one third of 1 to 14 year Italian children sleep less than recommended, one half in teenage. Modifiable risk factors for sleep abnormalities such as video devices use, bedroom TV and bottle use should be target of preventive strategies for a correct sleep. Pediatricians should give priority to the identification of sleep disorders early in life