608 research outputs found
Organization of advocacy in various legal systems: comparative analysis
This article observes organization of providing legal services in different countries, such as the US, the UK, Germany, France, China and Russia. The authors describe the procedure of admitting to the legal profession and the sphere of legal activit
Limits of using the results of polygraph testing in criminal procedure
An offer for restrictions, concerning the limits of use of polygraph testing results as orientation information at pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings, was made in this articl
Quantum Phase Shift in Chern-Simons Modified Gravity
Using a unified approach of optical-mechanical analogy in a semiclassical
formula, we evaluate the effect of Chern-Simons modified gravity on the quantum
phase shift of de Broglie waves in neutron interferometry. The phase shift
calculated here reveals, in a single equation, a combination of effects coming
from Newtonian gravity, inertial forces, Schwarzschild and Chern-Simons
modified gravity. However the last two effects, though new, turn out to be too
tiny to be observed, and hence only of academic interest at present. The
approximations, wherever used, as well as the drawbacks of the non-dynamical
approach are clearly indicated.Comment: 16 pages, minor errors corrected. Accepted for publication in Phys.
Rev.
Ultraviolet relaxation dynamics of aniline, N, N-dimethylaniline and 3,5-dimethylaniline at 250 nm
Transition from damage to fragmentation in collision of solids
We investigate fracture and fragmentation of solids due to impact at low
energies using a two-dimensional dynamical model of granular solids. Simulating
collisions of two solid discs we show that, depending on the initial energy,
the outcome of a collision process can be classified into two states: a damaged
and a fragmented state with a sharp transition in between. We give numerical
evidence that the transition point between the two states behaves as a critical
point, and we discuss the possible mechanism of the transition.Comment: Revtex, 12 figures included. accepted by Phys. Rev.
Programming languages and artificial general intelligence
Despite the fact that there are thousands of programming
languages existing there is a huge controversy about what language is
better to solve a particular problem. In this paper we discuss requirements
for programming language with respect to AGI research. In this article
new language will be presented. Unconventional features (e.g. probabilistic
programming and partial evaluation) are discussed as important
parts of language design and implementation. Besides, we consider possible
applications to particular problems related to AGI. Language interpreter
for Lisp-like probabilistic mixed paradigm programming language
is implemented in Haskell
Bitangential interpolation in generalized Schur classes
Bitangential interpolation problems in the class of matrix valued functions
in the generalized Schur class are considered in both the open unit disc and
the open right half plane, including problems in which the solutions is not
assumed to be holomorphic at the interpolation points. Linear fractional
representations of the set of solutions to these problems are presented for
invertible and singular Hermitian Pick matrices. These representations make use
of a description of the ranges of linear fractional transformations with
suitably chosen domains that was developed in a previous paper.Comment: Second version, corrected typos, changed subsection 5.6, 47 page
Monitoring conterminous United States (CONUS) land cover change with Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD)
Forest cover loss and bare ground gain from 2006 to 2010 for the conterminous United States (CONUS) were quantified at a 30 m spatial resolution using Web-Enabled Landsat Data available from the USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) (http://landsat.usgs.gov/WELD.php). The approach related multi-temporal WELD metrics and expert-derived training data for forest cover loss and bare ground gain through a decision tree classification algorithm. Forest cover loss was reported at state and ecoregional scales, and the identification of core forests\u27 absent of change was made and verified using LiDAR data from the GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimetry System) instrument. Bare ground gain correlated with population change for large metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) outside of desert or semi-desert environments. Google Earth™ time series images were used to validate the products. Mapped forest cover loss totaled 53,084 km2 and was found to be depicted conservatively, with a user\u27s accuracy of 78% and a producer\u27s accuracy of 68%. Excluding errors of adjacency, user\u27s and producer\u27s accuracies rose to 93% and 89%, respectively. Mapped bare ground gain equaled 5974 km2 and nearly matched the estimated area from the reference (Google Earth™) classification; however, user\u27s (42%) and producer\u27s (49%) accuracies were much less than those of the forest cover loss product. Excluding errors of adjacency, user\u27s and producer\u27s accuracies rose to 62% and 75%, respectively. Compared to recent 2001–2006 USGS National Land Cover Database validation data for forest loss (82% and 30% for respective user\u27s and producer\u27s accuracies) and urban gain (72% and 18% for respective user\u27s and producer\u27s accuracies), results using a single CONUS-scale model with WELD data are promising and point to the potential for national scale operational mapping of key land cover transitions. However, validation results highlighted limitations, some of which can be addressed by improving training data, creating a more robust image feature space, adding contemporaneous Landsat 5 data to the inputs, and modifying definition sets to account for differences in temporal and spatial observational scales. The presented land cover extent and change data are available via the official WELD website (ftp://weldftp.cr.usgs.gov/CONUS_5Y_LandCover/ftp://weldftp.cr.usgs. gov/CONUS_5Y_LandCover/)
National interests of the USA and Russia: comparative legal analysis
This article is devoted to the comparative analysis of doctrinal approaches concerning the determination of national interests in the USA and Russia, their legal consolidation and implementation practice in modern conditions. The features of the North American and Russian approaches to the issues of strategic planning and the development of program documents in the field of national interest provision are established and systematize
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