TRIDAQ Systems in HEP Experiments at LHC Accelerator

The paper describes Trigger and Data Acquisition (TRIDAQ) systems of accelerator experiments for High Energy Physics. The background for physics research comprises assumptions of the Standard Model theory with basic extensions. On this basis, a structure of particle detector system is described, with emphasis on the following functional blocks: Front-End Electronics, Trigger and DAQ systems. The described solutions are used in the LHC experiments: ATLAS, ALICE, CMS and LHCb. They are also used in other accelerator experiments. Data storage and processing functionality is divided into two hardware systems: Trigger and Data Acquisition, that are dependent on each other. High input data rate impose relevant choices for the architecture and parameters of both systems. The key parameters include detailed system structure and its overall latency. Trigger structure is defined by the physics requirements and the storage capability of DAQ system. Both systems are designed to achieve the highest possible space and time resolution for particle detection. Trigger references are reviewed [1]-[39] as well as chosen accelerator research efforts originating in this country [40]-[83]

Feasibility of FPGA to HPC computation migration of plasma impurities diagnostic algorithms

We present a feasibility study of fast events parameters estimation algorithms regarding their execution time. It is the first stage of procedure used on data gathered from gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector for diagnostic of plasma impurities. Measured execution times are estimates of achievable times for future and more complex algorithms. The work covers usage of Intel Xeon and Intel Xeon Phi - high-performance computing (HPC) devices as a possible replacement for FPGA with highlighted advantages and disadvantages. Results show that less than 10 ms feedback loop can be obtained with the usage of 25% hardware resources in Intel Xeon or 10% resources in Intel Xeon Phi which leaves space for future increase of algorithms complexity. Moreover, this work contains a simplified overview of basic problems in actual measurement systems for diagnostic of plasma impurities, and emerging trends in developed solutions

SMX and front-end board tester for CBM readout chain

The STS-MUCH-XYTER (SMX) chip is a front-end ASIC dedicated to the readout of Silicon Tracking System (STS) and Muon Chamber (MUCH) detectors in the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment. The production of the ASIC and the front-end boards based on it is just being started and requires thorough testing to assure quality. The paper describes the SMX tester based on a standard commercial Artix-7 FPGA module with an additional simple baseboard. In the standalone configuration, the tester is controlled via IPbus and enables full functional testing of connected SMX, front-end board (FEB), or a full detector module. The software written in Python may easily be integrated with higher-level testing software

WPROWADZENIE DO ZAGADNIENIA TOMOGRAFII W ALGORYTMACH POSTPROCESSINGU DLA REAKTORÓW TYPU TOKAMAK

The collaboration of authors led to implementing advanced and fast systems for diagnostics of plasma content in tokamaks. During the development of systems it is planned to add new functionalities, in particular, the algorithms of tomographic reconstruction to obtain  information on three dimensional distribution of plasma impurities. In the article the idea of tomographic reconstruction is introduced and issues of performance and adequate hardware selection are presented.Wieloletnia współpraca autorów przyczyniła się do powstania zaawansowanych, szybkich mechanizmów diagnostyki składu gorącej plazmy tokamakowej. W ramach rozbudowy systemów zamierza wprowadzić się szereg nowych funkcjonalności, w tym algorytmy rekonstrukcji tomograficznej. Pozwoli to na uzyskanie informacji o przestrzennym rozkładzie nieczystości plazmy w reaktorze. Praca przedstawia koncepcję tomografii tego typu oraz przeprowadzona jest dyskusja nad zagadnieniami wydajności i doboru sprzętu

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optoelectronic versatile telemetric syste

TESLA Report 2003-21 Cavity Control System – Optimization Methods For Single Cavity Driving and Envelope Detection.

The paper is an introduction to the optimization methods of the linear accelerator cavity control system. Three distinct time periods of cavity operation are considered; filling with the EM field energy, field stabilization for the accelerated beam, and field decay. These periods are considered as different states of the cavity corresponding to adequate solutions of differential equation modeling the cavity behavior. The cavity could be operated by several different methods in each work phase: During the filling – feedback and feed-forward alone, feedback and feed-forward together, self-tuning; During the flattop – feed-forward and feedback alone or together, During the decay – detuning and quality factor may be measured. The optimization is understood as a choice of the most efficient way of the cavity control during each period. The control may be done in terms of minimum power consumption from the klystron during whole work cycle and efficient field stabilization in the cavity, during flattop period. The introductory analysis of the cavity operational modes in three mentioned periods is presented in this paper. Additionally, the alternative, more precise algorithm of the cavity field detection is proposed. The cavity field is estimated as a result of intermediate frequency signal envelope decoding. All considerations in this paper deal with a single cavity system in noiseless and deterministic conditions

Cavity control system model simulations for TESLA linear accelerator

The fundamental knowledge contained in the previous paper on “Cavity control system essential modeling for TESLA linear accelerator and free electron laser ” is applied for Matlabs ’ Simulink implementation of the basic models for the cavity resonator. Elementary simulations of the cavity behavior are carried out and some experimental results for signals and power considerations are presented

Cavity control system essential modelling for tesla linear accelerator,” This Volume

The pioneering TESLA linear accelerator and free electron laser project is initially introduced. Elementary analysis of cavity resonator with signal and power considerations is presented. Two alternative simulation models of cavity control system are proposed

Wykorzystanie sprzętu komputerowego klasy SOHO do modelowania złożonych rozwiązań sieciowych

Article provides evaluation of capabilities to build complex networks, by modifying an Open Source driver of cheap Ethernet NICs. Methods of using logical interfaces and marking frames with IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tags are described. These methods combined with implementation of adequate algorithms in driver module provides the use of autoconfiguration and reliability techniques. Constraints of such solution are presented. Advanced computer network, providing reliability and fairness was built. It provides different traffic classes, automatic configuration of the stations and recovering from failures. In created network, efficiency of communication between neighbors matches up that of original Ethernet network.W artykule dokonano oceny możliwości modelowania złożonych rozwiązań sieciowych, za pomocą modyfikacji otwartoźródłowego sterownika tanich kart ethernetowych. Zaproponowano wykorzystanie koncepcji interfejsów logicznych, znakowania ramek z użyciem pola Tag standardu IEEE 802.1Q – VLAN oraz wielu pierścieni DMA do priorytetyzowania klas ruchu. Techniki te, w połączeniu z implementacją w sterowniku odpowiednich algorytmów, umożliwiają realizację wielu mechanizmów sieciowych, np. autokonfiguracji lub niezawodności. Przedstawiono ograniczenia tak realizowanych sieci. Zaprezentowano realizację przykładowej, dwupierścieniowej sieci komputerowej, wspierającej mechanizmy niezawodności z zaimplementowaną obsługą różnych klas ruchu, automatyczną konfigurację stacji i odtwarzaniem konfiguracji po awarii. Wykazano, że wydajność powstałej sieci w komunikacji między węzłami sąsiednimi nie ustępuje oryginalnej sieci ethernetowej