Hiperplasia de glândulas de brunner: relato de caso e revisão de literatura: Brunner’s gland hyperplasia: case report and literature review

As neoplasias benignas do duodeno são raras, aproximadamente 0,01%. Dentre essas lesões, a Hiperplasia das Glândulas de Brunner e o Hamartoma das Glândulas de Brunner são importantes diagnósticos diferenciais no que diz respeito às massas encontradas no duodeno, correspondendo a cerca de 5% desses achados. As glândulas de Brunner são estruturas mucosas e submucosas encontradas, principalmente, no bulbo duodenal e têm ação digestiva ainda indefinida, com possível papel protetor contra acidez gástrica. As lesões culminam na proliferação excessiva dessas estruturas, cuja etiologia ainda é incerta, apesar de uma possível relação com a hipersecreção ácida e infecção por Helicobacter pylori. A maioria das lesões são assintomáticas, encontradas de forma acidental nos exames de imagem. Todavia, quando sintomáticas, podem ser confundidas com tumores malignos do Intestino Delgado, e por isso, apesar de raras, o conhecimento de seus aspectos macro e microscópicos têm tanta relevância clínica para evitar tratamentos e procedimentos desnecessários, além do correto diagnóstico. Neste trabalho apresentamos o caso de um paciente com Hiperplasia das Glândulas de Brunner, demonstrando a importância de se ter em mente esse diagnóstico diferencial quando estamos de frente a sintomas gastrointestinais inespecíficos

Doença de Rosai-Dorfman em paciente do sexo feminino e idade atípica: relato de caso e revisão de literatura

Introduction: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare benign histiocytic proliferative disorder, which usually presents with massive, painless, bilateral lymphadenopathy, mainly in the cervical and submandibular regions, and may be accompanied by fever, weight loss, night sweats, leukocytosis and increased erythrocyte sedimentation speed. The prevalence of the disease is highest in men aged up to 20 years. There is no consensus as to the etiology of the disease, although some correlations with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus are believed to exist. Objective: To present a rare entity in an atypical occurence and to review the actions taken by the clinical team. Case Report: MASC, female, 55 years old, reported cervical mass on the right side with compression for five months. Before a diagnosis, surgery was performed for the removal of a likely cervical lymph node. The surgical specimen was sent for anatomopathological and immunohistochemical examination, and Rosai-Dorfman disease was diagnosed. One year and five months after the operation, the case recurred. Results: a 55-year-old patient, whose case is rarer even due to the sex and age affected, aside from the unilateral presentation. Prior to the surgery, diagnosis was not possible, as it was confirmed by anatomopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. The patient relapsed and was treated with corticotherapy by the clinical team. Conclusion: To reduce situations of error or delay in diagnosis, it is important to know the main symptoms presented by patients and their possible variations, always listing RDD as a differential diagnosis in cases of cervical adenomegaly.Introdução: A doença de Rosai-Dorfman (DRD) é um distúrbio histiocítico proliferativo benigno raro, que normalmente se apresenta com linfadenopatia massiva, indolor, bilateral, principalmente na região cervical e submandibular, podendo vir acompanhado de febre, perda de peso, sudorese noturna, leucocitose e aumento da velocidade de hemossedimentação. A prevalência da doença é maior em  homens de até 20 anos. Não há consenso quanto à etiologia da doença, apesar de acreditarem existir algumas correlações com herpes vírus humano tipo 6 (HHV6), vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV) ou citomegalovírus. Objetivo: Demonstrar entidade rara em uma apresentação atípica e verificar as condutas tomadas. Relato de Caso: MASC, feminino, 55 anos, queixava-se de massa cervical à direita com compressão  há cinco meses. Ainda sem diagnóstico, foi realizada operação para retirada de provável linfonodo cervical. A peça cirúrgica foi enviada para exame anatomopatológico e imunohistoquímico, sendo diagnosticada doença de Rosai-Dorfman. Após um ano e cinco meses de pós-operatório, notou-se recidiva do caso. Resultados: Trata-se de uma paciente de 55 anos, cuja entidade torna-se ainda mais rara pelo sexo e idade acometidos, além de apresentação unilateral. Diagnóstico prévio  ao ato operatório não foi possível, sendo confirmado pelas análise anatomopatológica e imunohistoquímica. Paciente apresentou recidiva, tratada com corticoterapia pela equipe clínica. Conclusão: Para minimizar situações de erro ou atraso de diagnóstico, torna-se importante o conhecimento dos principais sintomas apresentados pelos pacientes e suas possíveis variações, colocando-a sempre como diagnóstico diferencial de adenomegaliais cervicais

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora