Boletín Oficial del municipio de Ciudadela: Año V Número 232 Edición semanal - 1936 Julio 04

O uso de FPGAs em projetos aeroespaciais tem se tornado uma prática freqüente, em parte pelo crescente avanço tecnológico que possibilita a indústria de semicondutores a integrar um número cada vez maior de funcionalidades em um único dispositivo, mas principalmente por sua capacidade de reprogramação. A possibilidade de efetuar reprogramação remota de dispositivos em órbita permite que o tempo das missões seja estendido através da atualização de módulos obsoletos. Contudo, FPGAs baseados em células de memória SRAM são extremamente sensíveis à falhas induzidas por partículas de radiação presentes no espaço. Várias técnicas foram desenvolvidas para atenuar o efeito destas partículas, mas para garantir o funcionamento correto do projeto, os engenheiros devem validar a robustez do circuito sob a presença de falhas. Uma das formas de validação é chamada de injeção de falhas. Plataformas de injeção de falhas desenvolvidas no passado têm inconvenientes relacionados a intrusividade, complexidade e custo. Este trabalho foca na definição de uma plataforma não intrusiva, de alta velocidade e baixo custo, que associa o alto desempenho da prototipação em hardware com a capacidade de reconfiguração dinâmica dos FPGAs da família Xilinx Virtex. A técnica de reconfiguração dinâmica parcial é usada para inverter o valor lógico das células de memória dos dispositivos FPGAS, a fim de reproduzir o mesmo efeito causado pela radiação. Resultados experimentais validam o trabalho proposto usando placas de desenvolvimento disponíveis no mercado.The use of SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) in aerospace applications is becoming more popular as the silicon industry delivers new products capable of hosting entire digital systems inside a single device. The capability to perform remote reconfiguration provides the possibility to extend the duration of the missions by updating the obsolete modules as required. Unfortunately, SRAM based FPGAs are extremely sensitive to faults induced by radiation particles present in high-altitude environments. Several techniques have been proposed to mitigate the effect of those particles, but in order to successfully guarantee the correctness of a project, engineers must validate the robustness of the design when in the presence of faults. One of the possible validation methods is called fault injection. Fault injection platforms developed in the past have significant drawbacks related to intrusiveness, complexity and costs. This work focuses on defining a fault injection platform based on high-speed, low cost and non-intrusive aspects, associating the hardware prototyping performance with the partial reconfigurability of the Xilinx Virtex FPGAs. Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration is explored as a way of inserting bit flips inside the device configuration memory, thus inducing the same effect of a radiation particle hitting the silicon substrate. Experimental results validate the proposed work using commercial available prototyping boards

Hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia among HIV-infected pregnant women from Latin America and Caribbean countries

The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US National Institutes of Health or the Department of Health and Human Services.Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-08T14:09:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) josehenrique_pilotto_IOC_2014.pdf: 431330 bytes, checksum: a8336627d368ba0512d9a5f379c494dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Westat. Rockville, MD, USA.Westat. Rockville, MD, USA.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Hospital das Clínicas. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Medicina. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Dr. Cecilia Grierson Hospital. Infectious Diseases Unit. Buenos Aires, AR.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.National Institute of Health. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch. Bethesda, MD, USA.National Institute of Health. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch. Bethesda, MD, USA.Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for hypertensive disorders in a cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women. Methods: Hypertensive disorders (HD) including preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) and pregnancy induced hypertension, and risk factors were evaluated in a cohort of HIV-infected pregnan

Effects of Initiating Raltegravir-Based Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Regimens During Pregnancy on Weight Changes and Perinatal Outcomes: NICHD P1081

BackgroundIntegrase inhibitors have been associated with excess gestational weight gain that may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). This post hoc analysis of NICHD P1081 compared antepartum changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) in pregnant women initiating raltegravir- or efavirenz-based combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and examined associations between rates of weight gain and APOs.SettingNICHD P1081 enrolled antiretroviral-naive pregnant women living with HIV in the second and third trimester in Brazil, Tanzania, South Africa, Thailand, Argentina, and the United States.MethodsTwo hundred eighty-one women enrolled between 20 and 31 gestational weeks were randomized to raltegravir- or efavirenz-based cART and followed for ≥4 weeks. A low rate of weight gain was defined as <0.18 kg/wk and high as >0.59 kg/wk. We compared weight gain and BMI increase between treatment arms using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between weight gain and APOs.ResultsRaltegravir-based cART was associated with significantly higher antepartum weight gain (median 0.36 kg/wk versus 0.29 kg/wk, P = 0.01) and BMI increase (median 0.14 kg/m 2 /wk versus 0.11 kg/m 2 /wk, P = 0.01) compared with efavirenz-based treatment. Women on raltegravir had less low weight gain (18% versus 36%) and more high weight gain (21% versus 12%) ( P = 0.001). Women with low weight gain were more likely than those with normal weight gain to have small for gestational age infants or a composite of APOs.ConclusionsA raltegravir-based antiretroviral regimen was associated with significantly higher antepartum rate of weight gain and BMI increase compared with efavirenz-based treatment in antiretroviral-naive pregnant women