Interactivité et interaction dans une modélisation de l’apprentissage

Cet article traite des outils théoriques et conceptuels propres à clarifier le rôle ou l'effet induit par les nouveaux médias dans l'apprentissage et, d'une manière générale, pour appréhender la nature des liens entre développement technologique et changement culturel. Le propos est centré sur deux points. L'auteur propose une modélisation du processus d'apprentissage, ayant pour objectif d'éclairer les dimensions sur lesquelles ce processus est affecté, potentiellement, par le développement des nouveaux médias; ensuite, sur la base de ce travail de modélisation, il examine plus directement la question du rapport entre interaction et interactivité, deux concepts souvent rapprochés, voire confondus, dans la documentation scientifique relative à ces questions d'apprentissage par ou avec les nouveaux médias.The article examines the theoretical and conceptual perspectives which could explain the role or the effect of new media in learning and, as a more general question, to understand the nature of the relationship between technological development and cultural change. The author proposes two themes: firstly modeling the learning process with the objective of explaining related and impacted dimensions and potentially the impact of new media development; and secondly, from this model, to examine more directly the relation between interaction and interactivity. These two concepts are closely related, and sometimes confused, in the scientific literature dealing with questions about learning through or with the use of new media.El artfculo trata sobre los instrumentes teoricos y conceptuales susceptibles de clarificar el roi o el efecto inducido por los nuevos medios de information en el aprendizaje y, en forma general, para aprehender la naturaleza del nexo entre el desarrollo tecnologico y el cambio cultural. El objetivo del trabajo esta centrado sobre dos aspectos. Primero, el autor propone una modelizaciôn del proceso de aprendizaje, que tiene como objetivo esclarecer las dimensiones sobre las cuales este proceso se ve potencialement afectado por el desarrollo de nuevos medios de comunicacion. Sobre la base de ese trabajo de modelizaciôn, el autor aborda luego la cuestion de la relation entre la interaction y la interactividad, dos conceptos cercanos y a menudo confundidos en la documentation cientifica relacionada con el aprendizaje asistido por nuevos medios de comunicacion.Der vorliegende Artikel behandelt die theoretischen und konzeptuellen Instrumente, mit Hilfe derer die Rolle der neuen Medien oder ihre Wirkung auf das Lernen beschrieben und allgemein die Natur des Zusammenhangs zwischen technischer und kultureller Entwicklung besser verstanden werden kann. Der Artikel hat zwei Schwerpunkte. Der Verfasser legt zunâchst ein Modell des Lernprozesses vor mit dem Ziel herauszufinden, welche Dimensionen des Prozesses dabei môglicherweise durch die Entwicklung der neuen Medien beeinflusst werden. Dann erortert er direkt die Frage der Beziehung zwischen Interaktion und Interaktivitât, zwei Begriffen, die in den wissenschaftlichen Schriften iiber das Lernen durch oder mit den neuen Medien oft mehr oder weniger verwechselt werden

The oldest amputation on a Neolithic human skeleton in France

While 'surgical' practices such as trepanations are well attested since the first stages of the European Neolithic, the amputation of limbs in Prehistoric periods has not been well-documented until the case presented here. The particularly well-preserved remains of an aged male were recently uncovered in the Neolithic site (4900-4700 BC) of Buthiers-Boulancourt in the vicinity of Paris, France. It was already noticed in situ that the distal part of the left humerus was abnormal and this led us to the hypothesis of a partially healed 'surgical' amputation.The further investigations reported here confirm a traumatic origin and a partial cicatrisation after surgery, indicating that the patient survived. It also proves the remarkable medical skills developed during Prehistorical times. In addition, the associated grave goods are original, including the skeleton of an animal, a polished schist axe and a massive 30 cm long flint pick. Despite the serious handicap from which he suffered in this pastoral-agricultural community, the buried man obviously enjoyed some particular social status, as suggested by the remarkable and 'prestigious' accompanying grave-goods. If indeed this man benefited from some form of community care, this would indicate the level of social solidarity in Western Europe almost 7000 years ago

Jailhouse self-induced lesions by misuse of salbutamol inhaler

Non peer reviewe

Jan Misugi in Captain Tsubasa as an Educational Example for Children with Congenital Heart Disease

Introduction: Visual narratives such as manga, comics and cartoons can play an important role in educating readers on various aspects of life including medicine and disabilities. Methods: We reviewed the animated series entitled "Captain Tsubasa", focusing our analysis on the episodes which introduced the character Jun Misugi, a football player suffering from an unspecified congenital heart disease (CHD). Discussion: For a child with a CHD, the practice of sports could be risky but also an opportunity to improve heart function and reach personal fulfillment. CHD have an important impact on children's quality of life, and sports participation has beneficial effects on quality of life, weight loss, and exercise capacity, in patients with CHD. Restricting sports could have a negative impact on quality of life, and on the disease acceptance in children with CHD. The story of Jan Misugi could be considered as an educational medical tool to sensitize children with CHD who face sport' restriction.Peer reviewe

John Warne Monroe, Metropolitan Fetish: African Sculpture and the Imperial French Invention of Primitive Art

Comment en est-on arrivé là ? Comment l’art d’Afrique subsaharienne a-t-il vécu un mouvement de va-et-vient, de balancier, entre Europe et territoires d’origine, entre découverte d’un concept radicalement différent des canons occidentaux et réappropriation de schémas coloniaux ? Dans Metropolitan Fetish: African Sculpture and the Imperial French Invention of Primitive Art, l’historien John Warne Monroe entreprend l’analyse critique de cette géopolitique sur une période d’une centaine d’années..

NEDOVRŠENA SMRTONOSNA TREPANACIJA UTVRĐENA NA KREMIRANIM OSTACIMA (RIM, ITALIJA, II. ST.)

Background: An original case of incomplete (and reasonably fatal) human trepanation is described in this short paper. The diagnosis was made on the cremated remains of a young adult individual who died in Rome, Italy during the 2nd century AD. Clinical Presentation: The trepanation was incomplete, as death occurred quickly due to vascular lesions, according to the anatomic analysis of the bone piece. Comparable trepanation from Roman times are described and related to this case. Conclusion: Even if archaeological, this case highlights the possibility of such a diagnosis on post-fire fragmented bones. Very suggestive lesions of section are of great interest for the history of such a practice during classical Antiquity. Lastly, from a medical and forensic point of view, such a diagnosis may be of interest during any identification process and research for a cause of death during anthropological analyses.Uvod: Ovaj kratki rad opisuje izvorni slučaj nedovršene, fatalne trepanacije. Dijagnoza trepanacije postavljena je temeljem pregleda kremiranih ostataka mlade odrasle osobe umrle u II. stoljeću u Rimu. Klinička slika: Anatomskom analizom kostiju utvrđena je nedovršena trepanacija, vjerojatno zbog smrti koja je nastupila netom nakon početka zahvata kao posljedica oštećenja krvožilja. Uz to, prikazani nalaz uspoređuje se sa sličnim slučajevima trepanacije iz rimskog razdoblja. Zaključak: Iako temeljen na arheološkim ostacima, ovaj slučaj ističe mogućnost dijagnosticiranja trepanacije iz kremiranih i fragmetniranih koštanih ostataka. Sugestivna oštećenja utvrđena na koštanom materijalu od značajnog su interesa za povijest trepanacije u klasičnoj antici. Također, ovakav slučaj može biti od interesa medicinskoj struci tijekom identifikacijskih procesa i antropološkog utvrđivanja uzroka smrti iz koštanih ulomaka