316 research outputs found
Musculoskeletal pain rehabilitation A one-year follow-up of occupational performance, psychosocial functioning and disability
Multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation programmes are found decreasing pain and improve back-to-work rates. There is, however, a lack of knowledge in several respects. The overall aim of this thesis was to study outcomes in terms of occupational performance, satisfaction with performance, psychosocial functioning, disability, and coping profiles at a one-year follow-up after a musculoskeletal pain rehabilitation programme. Part of the aim was to evaluate differences among subgroups of participants based on baseline characteristics and pain-related severities, regarding the above described outcomes. Better psychosocial functioning and less severe disability were in a sample of 509 individuals (Paper I) associated with: older age, being at work prior admission, being Nordic born, longer education, a diagnosis of fibromyalgia (compared with neck disorder or low back pain). At a one-year follow-up psychosocial functioning was significantly improved whereas less improvement was found in physical disability. Improvements at one-year follow-up were independently of participantsâ characteristics. The participantsâ prioritized occupational problems in all sorts of occupations pertaining to looking after one self (self-care), enjoying life (leisure), and contributing to the social and economic fabric of a Community (productivity). The most prioritized subcategory of occupations to be improved on was household management (Paper II). The most frequently reported occupations were reported as: working, sitting and cleaning the house. Occupational performance and satisfaction with performance improved significantly at discharge and at the follow-up (Paper III). Improvements on occupational performance at follow-up were significantly associated with the following factors: female gender, less physical disability, less life interference and more life Control at baseline. However, participants with most perceived severities to perform their prioritized occupations had significantly higher chance to be improved. The pain coping profiles of Adaptive Copers significantly increased at the follow-up, whereas the Dysfunctional profiles significantly decreased (Paper IV). Having an Adaptive Coper profile at follow-up was associated with improvement on occupational performance and was significantly associated with: being Nordic born, having a longer education and an Adaptive Coper profile and higher scores on satisfaction with occupational performance at baseline. Having an Adaptive Coper profile at follow-up was significantly associated with improvements on occupational performance and satisfaction with performance
The Satisfaction with Daily Occupations (SDO-13) Scale: Psychometric Properties among Clients in Primary Care in Sweden.
This article describes the results to expand and develop the use of the Satisfaction with Daily Occupations (SDO-13) Scale. Data were collected in primary care before (I) and after intervention (II) among clients with stress-related disorders and musculoskeletal pain. The Cronbach's alpha values of the SDO-13 Scale were 0.80 and 0.88. Convergent validity was assessed against global occupational satisfaction and general health, resulting in rs = -0.65 (p < 0.001) and rs = -0.46 (p < 0.001). The SDO-13 Scale could not discriminate between the primary care sample and a psychiatric sample (p = 0.15), whereas number of current occupations could (p < 0.001). The SDO-13 was not sensitive to change (p = 0.92). Future studies need to explore criterion and construct validity based on more dissimilar samples and more standardized interventions. Applications of these results to practice are discussed
Inkludering för ökad mÄluppfyllelse ur elevperspektiv
Svenska elever visar sig prestera allt sĂ€mre kunskapsresultat, det visar internationella kunskapsmĂ€tningar. HĂ€r presenteras en studie av ett förĂ€ndringsarbete i Essunga kommun i Sverige dĂ€r man bestĂ€mt sig för att vĂ€nda den negativa utvecklingen. Genom ett vetenskapligt baserat utvecklingsarbete har man, frĂ„n att ha varit nĂ€stan sĂ€mst bland Sveriges 290 kommuner, lyckats bli bland de absolut bĂ€sta nĂ€r det gĂ€ller elevernas skolprestationer â och sĂ€rskilt intressant Ă€r att denna utveckling Ă€gde rum inom den befintliga budgeten
Inkludering för ökad mÄluppfyllelse ur elevperspektiv
Svenska elever visar sig prestera allt sĂ€mre kunskapsresultat, det visar internationella kunskapsmĂ€tningar. HĂ€r presenteras en studie av ett förĂ€ndringsarbete i Essunga kommun i Sverige dĂ€r man bestĂ€mt sig för att vĂ€nda den negativa utvecklingen. Genom ett vetenskapligt baserat utvecklingsarbete har man, frĂ„n att ha varit nĂ€stan sĂ€mst bland Sveriges 290 kommuner, lyckats bli bland de absolut bĂ€sta nĂ€r det gĂ€ller elevernas skolprestationer â och sĂ€rskilt intressant Ă€r att denna utveckling Ă€gde rum inom den befintliga budgeten
Everyday occupational problems perceived by participants in a pain rehabilitation programme.
Abstract Background: Knowledge of the diversity of occupational problems perceived by people with chronic pain is insufficient. Aims: To describe everyday occupational problems among patients with musculoskeletal pain enrolled in a pain rehabilitation programme, and to compare subgroups based on participant characteristics. Methods: The sample consisted of 152 men and women. Occupational performance was assessed with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Other data were obtained from forms including sociodemographic variables and pain diagnoses. Major findings: The participants reported 706 prioritized everyday occupational problems categorized as self-care (37%), productivity (32%), and leisure (31%). Household management was the largest sub-category. Working, sitting, and cleaning the house were the specific occupational problems reported most frequently. Women reported significantly more occupations related to productivity and men reported more self-care occupations. Principal conclusion: Patients with pain have a wide range of occupational problems that need to be addressed, along with gender-specific needs
Fernissa eller förĂ€ndring? â kunskapstransformering genom ett utvecklingsprojekt för förskolor och skolor
Ett utvecklingsprojekt, hĂ€r benĂ€mnt KIA, genomfördes 2015 till 2017 i 23 skolor och förskolor i VĂ€stsverige. KIA syftade till att öka âkĂ€nslan av sammanhangâ hos barn/elever i behov av sĂ€rskilt stöd genom utbildning av skolpersonal och vĂ„rdnadshavare. Författarna genomförde följeforskning av förarbete och utbildningsinsatser riktade till skolor och förskolor. Data insamlades genom enkĂ€ter, observationer och intervjuer. Deltagarna uttryckte redan vid projektstart ett gott sjĂ€lvförtroende, de tog huvudsakligen till sig konkreta förslag och de sĂ„g yttre faktorer som de största hindren för utveckling. Tecken pĂ„ transformering av kunskap saknades i stor utstrĂ€ckning. Faktorer som kunde pĂ„verka ett varaktigt resultat av kompetensutveckling framkom genom följeforskningen
FörskollÀrare kan delta i musikaliskt lekande, men avstÄr: en kvalitativ studie om musikalisk emancipation
© Mona Elisabeth Persson Aronson 2022Inom den svenska och norska förskolan förstÄs ofta musik som en praktik som bör följa vissa normativa antaganden om rösten och dess ljud. Den framförliggande avhandlingen ifrÄgasÀtter dessa normativa antaganden dÄ den undersöker hur förskollÀrare och förskollÀrarutbildare uppfattar musikalisk lek. Musikalisk lek kan förstÄs som ett spontant musikaliskt utforskande och som en sorts kommunikation som individer kan delta i genom att anvÀnda sin röst och sin kropp. Musikalisk lek kan överraska och den kan utvecklas genom samspel med andra. Eftersom musikalisk lek kan möjliggöra en upplevelse av frihet och emancipation sÄ har denna avhandling som syfte att öka kunskapen om vad som hindrar eller möjliggör för förskollÀrare och förskollÀrarutbildare att delta i musikaliskt lekande. Data samlades in med hjÀlp av iscensatt musikaliskt lekande under trÀffar med förskollÀrare och förskollÀrarutbildare, vid vilka jag deltog aktivt. Deltagarna hÀmtade sedan inspiration frÄn dessa sessioner dÄ de deltog i gemensamma gruppdiskussioner och beskrev sin förstÄelse av musikalisk lek. Diskussionerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades genom en reflektiv och tematisk analys. Resultaten visade att deltagarna delvis sade emot sig sjÀlva dÄ de beskrev sin egen entusiastiska delaktighet i musikalisk lek och de begrÀnsade möjligheterna för musikalisk lek i förskolan och i förskollÀrarutbildningar. FörskollÀrare och förskollÀrarutbildare kan delta i musikalisk lek, men de vÀljer att avstÄ. Jag drar slutsatsen att förskollÀrare och förskollÀrarutbildare hindras frÄn att delta i musikalisk lek av att de uttrycker en repressiv argumentation som gör gÀllande att enbart vissa sÀrskilt lÀmpade individer kan och bör skapa musik. Deltagarna hÀvdar ocksÄ att syftet med musik i förskolan Àr att skapa gemensam sÄng och dÀrigenom en form av konsensus, medan de betraktar musikaliskt lekande som ett lÀttsinnigt nöje. Avhandlingens resultat visar sÄledes att det Àr svÄrt att delta i musikalisk lek i bÄde förskolor och förskollÀrarutbildningar pÄ grund av vissa normativa förestÀllningar. Med inspiration frÄn Habermas och RanciÚre utvecklar jag, i avhandlingens diskussionsavsnitt, en teoretisk förstÄelse för hur ett annorlunda sÀtt att resonera kan möjliggöra för musikalisk lek i förskolan och i förskollÀrarutbildningar.Abstract:
Music in preschool is generally understood as a practice that ought to be governed by normative presuppositions about voices and sounds. The current dissertation questions this normative stance by examining the views of preschool teachers and preschool-teacher educators on musical play. Musical play can be understood as a spontaneous musical exploration and form of communication that an individual conveys through his or her voice and body. Musical play can be surprising, and it can evolve through interaction with others. Noting the emancipatory possibilities inherent in musical play, the current dissertation aims to provide more knowledge about what facilitates and what impedes musical play among preschool teachers and preschool-teacher educators. Data were collected through orchestrated sessions of musical play during meetings with preschool teachers and preschool-teacher educators, respectively, where I as a researcher actively participated. Informed by their experiences from the musical-play sessions, the preschool teachers and preschool-teacher educators discussed their understandings of musical play in subsequent group talks. The discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analysed through a qualitative and reflective thematic analysis. The results indicated that the participants provided contradictory accounts of their own enthusiastic musical play and the difficulties of having musical play in preschool and preschool-teacher education. Preschool teachers and preschool-teacher educators are able to participate in musical play, but they choose to abstain. I conclude that both the preschool teachers and the preschool-teacher educators are hindered from participating in musical play by their reiteration of a repressive argumentation that suggests that only some distinguished individuals are able to create music. Furthermore, the participants suggested that the purpose of music in preschool is to create communal singing and consensus, while they considered musical play as merely frivolous. The results of the current dissertation highlight that it is difficult to engage in musical play in both preschools and preschool-teacher education due to this argumentation and these normative restraints. Inspired by Habermasâ and RanciĂšreâs theoretical oeuvres, the dissertation theorizes about ways of reasoning that may facilitate musical play in preschool and in preschool-teacher education.publishedVersio
Probiotic Biotherapy for Eradication of a Potential Pathogen in a Commercial Rat Breeding Facility
This study defined a model for biotherapeutic eradication of beta-haemolytic streptococci, group G, in a rat breeding unit (3100 rats) by use of a strain of Lactobacillus reuteri. The microbe was added to the ratsâ drinking water and the genitals of all rats were swabbed three times with a solution of the microbe. After this procedure undesirable streptococci were not recognized in any animal of this breeding farm.
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