Photography and the social building of memory

A fotografia entendida como documento é quase sempre vinculada à memória, uma memória visual que retrata, ressignifica e recontextualiza a ação social do olhar. O fotógrafo, nesse sentido, é um ator social que, entre outras coisas, instrumentaliza o olhar recortando realidades estéticas num campo de percepção particular que se torna público, sobretudo hoje num contexto pós-convencional de sociedade. Esse texto reflete justamente sobre esse processo de mudança pós-convencional no qual se inscreve a cultura visual, no qual a fotografia e a memória estão cada vez mais imbricadas, tecendo novas identidades.Palavras-chave: fotografia, memória, identidade.The photograph as a document is almost always linked to memory, a visual memory that portrays, re-signifies and re-contextualizes the social action of the look. In this sense the photographer is a social actor who, among other things, intrumentalizes the look by highlighting aesthetic realities in a field of particular perception that becomes public, particularly today in a post-conventional social context. This paper reflects on this process of post-conventional change in which visual culture is situated and in which photography and memory are increasingly involved, weaving new identities.Key words: photograph, memory, identity

Abdominal circumference measurement by ultrasound does not enhance estimating the association of visceral fat with cardiovascular risk

Objectives: To evaluate the association between visceral fat and cardiovascular risk factors and to compare the ultrasonographic measurements of abdominal visceral fat with abdominal circumference (AC).Methods: This observational cross-sectional study categorized pubertal and postpubertal adolescents into a control group (n = 49) and an obese group (n = 46). Weight, height, AC, blood pressure, biochemical tests (lipid profile, triacylglycerols, fasting glucose for insulinemia, and serum uric acid), and ultrasound to measure visceral fat were assessed.Results: We found significant differences in the vascular risk variables between the groups, except for total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose level. We also observed that 31 subjects in the control group presented abnormalities in cardiovascular risk factors. the correlations between abdominal visceral fat (measured by ultrasound or the AC) and cardiovascular risk factors were significant. in the entire sample, AC presented better sensitivity and specificity than the ultrasound-measured abdominal visceral fat for identifying the presence of a cluster of at least three cardiovascular risk factors (areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve 0.87 and 0.73, respectively).Conclusion: Ultrasonographic measurements of visceral fat were correlated with cardiovascular risk factors, but this association was also demonstrable with AC measurements. Our results suggest that the measurement of visceral fat by ultrasound is unnecessary for the diagnosis of cardiovascular risk in well-nourished or obese adolescents. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 03/02584-8Web of Scienc

CO-CONTRACTION OF TIBIALIS ANTERIOR AND SOLEUS MUSCLES DURING EXERCISES WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY

This study aimed to compare the level of co-contraction of shank muscles during five different types of instability. Six healthy male adults performed ten balance exercises, five double leg and five single leg, while myoelectric activity of tibialis anterior and soleus was collected. Significant differences were identified in the level of muscular co-contraction between exercises performed on the BOSU and exercises performed without instability devices. It is conclude that there is a trend toward progression of balance exercises to increase the joint ankle stability, allowing physical therapists and physical educators to develop more efficient training programs aiming at improving levels of MCC and prevent injuries

Experimental Investigation of Damping Coefficient for Compressor Reed Valves

Reed valve dynamics has a major role on the performance and reliability of compressors and has been the subject of many studies over the years. In terms of mathematical modeling, most of these studies describe valve dynamics through a mass-spring-damper system, in which a damping coefficient has to be empirically adjusted. This is a consequence of little knowledge about the effect of different parameters on valve damping. For instance, in spite of great effort to understand viscous effects on the pressure distribution acting on the valve surface, very few works have addressed such effects on valve damping, especially for valve geometries found in compressors. The present study aims to experimentally quantify valve damping under controlled conditions, considering the effects of clamping geometry, clamping force, gasket thickness and the presence of fluid around the valve. Finally, experimental data of damping coefficients are used to predict valve dynamics and compressor efficiency. We found that the damping coefficients of typical valves adopted in small reciprocating compressors have negligible effect on compressor efficiency and valve bending stress, but can change by up to17% the valve impact velocity against the seat

Management of Port Solid Waste Framework

One of contemporary environmental issues refers to \ud progressive and diverse generation of solid waste in urban areas or \ud specific, and requires solutions because the traditional methods of \ud treatment and disposal are becoming unviable over the years and, \ud consequently, a significant contingent of these wastes presents \ud final destination inappropriate. The diversity of solid waste \ud generated as a result of human activities must have the appropriate \ud allocation to specific legislation in force, such as landfill, \ud incineration, among other procedures established by the competent \ud bodies. Thus, also the waste generated in port activities or \ud proceeding vessels require classification and segregation for proper \ud disposal later. This article aims at presenting a methodology for the \ud collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of solid waste \ud port and also application of automation technology that makes \ud possible the implementation of the same

Technological model for tracking & monitoring brazilian beef supply chain

This paper addresses the issue of tracing the chain of Brazilian beef sector, which contributes\ud largely to the contents of Brazilian exports. In order to, scrutinize the issue of tracking applied to the sector,\ud were briefly raised the demands of domestic and foreign markets, highlighting the heterogeneity of the\ud international market. After, they were raised and briefly explained the main technological solutions currently\ud available. Armed with such data, solutions were proposed. The full adoption of the solutions indicated would\ud reduce the need for paper during the processes contained in the supply chain, streamline the exchange of\ud information securely, allowing the real-time tracking of the product during his trip to the importer, increasing,\ud in addition, the reliability the quality of Brazilian product

Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy: risk factors, clinical impact and early diagnosis

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is one of the most clinically significant complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), but one of the least frequently diagnosed. In this review, we discuss the major risk factors for the development and progression of CAN in patients with DM, the natural history of autonomic neuropathy and its impact on cardiovascular disease in DM, as well as the tests for the early diagnosis and staging of CAN in the clinical practice. The bibliographic research was based on two databases: Medline and Tripdatabase, with the following descriptors: diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and diabetes. We selected English and German articles, written between 1998 and 2007. In its initial stages (early and intermediate), CAN may be diagnosed and reversed. However, in advanced cases (severe stage), the only treatment that remains is a symptomatic one. CAN is associated with higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates and poor quality of life in diabetic individuals.A neuropatia autonômica cardiovascular (NAC) constitui uma das complicações de maior repercussão clínica do diabete melito (DM) e, ao mesmo tempo, está entre as menos diagnosticadas. Nesta revisão, são discutidos os principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento e a progressão da NAC nos pacientes com DM, a história natural da neuropatia autonômica e seu impacto na doença cardiovascular do DM, bem como os testes para o diagnóstico precoce e o estadiamento da NAC na prática clínica. A pesquisa bibliográfica teve como base dois bancos de dados: Medline e Tripdatabase, com os seguintes descritores: diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy e cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and diabetes. Os artigos de 1998 a 2007 em inglês e alemão foram selecionados. A NAC em estágios iniciais (precoce e intermediária) pode ser diagnosticada e revertida, porém, nos casos avançados (estágio grave), resta apenas o tratamento sintomático. A NAC está associada a um maior índice de morbidade e mortalidade cardiovasculares e pior qualidade de vida nos indivíduos diabéticosUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Fundamentos sociológicos da educação musical escolar

A aprovação da lei nº 11.769/2008 que institui a obrigatoriedade do ensino de música na educação básica trouxe uma possibilidade de mudança no cenário da educação musical brasileira. Neste contexto, este artigo investiga, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, os fundamentos sociológicos para a educação musical escolar com o objetivo de encontrar argumentos que possam contribuir para orientar as discussões curriculares e justificar a importância da educação musical na educação básica. O principal argumento encontrado na bibliografia diz respeito ao potencial da educação musical em trabalhar a diversidade cultural; o segundo argumento discutido refere-se a capacidade da educação musical de aproximar e integrar os alunos com a escola e aproximar a escola da comunidade; um terceiro enfoque que identificamos para discussões futuras diz respeito à importância da educação musical no desenvolvimento de conhecimentos e habilidades que constituem demandas do âmbito do trabalho e do tempo livre na sociedade do século XXI