Modelling the Effects of Ageing Time of Starch on the Enzymatic Activity of Three Amylolytic Enzymes

The effect of increasing ageing time (t) of starch on the activity of three amylolytic enzymes (Termamyl, San Super, and BAN) was investigated. Although all the enzymatic reactions follow michaelian kinetics, vmax decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and KM increased (although not always significantly) with the increase in t. The conformational changes produced in the starch chains as a consequence of the ageing seemed to affect negatively the diffusivity of the starch to the active site of the enzymes and the release of the reaction products to the medium. A similar effect was observed when the enzymatic reactions were carried out with unaged starches supplemented with different concentrations of gelatine [G]. The inhibition in the amylolytic activities was best mathematically described by using three modified forms of the Michaelis-Menten model, which included a term to consider, respectively, the linear, exponential, and hyperbolic inhibitory effects of t and [G]

JAX FDM: A differentiable solver for inverse form-finding

We introduce JAX FDM, a differentiable solver to design mechanically efficient shapes for 3D structures conditioned on target architectural, fabrication and structural properties. Examples of such structures are domes, cable nets and towers. JAX FDM solves these inverse form-finding problems by combining the force density method, differentiable sparsity and gradient-based optimization. Our solver can be paired with other libraries in the JAX ecosystem to facilitate the integration of form-finding simulations with neural networks. We showcase the features of JAX FDM with two design examples. JAX FDM is available as an open-source library at this URL: https://github.com/arpastrana/jax_fdm.Comment: https://github.com/arpastrana/jax_fd

Estrategias para mejorar el comportaniento lector de los ni?os en el primer a?o de b?sica primaria de la sede Camilo Torres de la instituci?n educativa Policarpa Salavarrieta de la ciudad de Girardot

255 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLa investigaci?n ?Estrategias para mejorar el comportamiento lector de los ni?os en el primer a?o de la b?sica primaria de la sede Camilo Torres de la instituci?n educativa Policarpa Salavarrieta de la ciudad de Girardot? pretende analizar el estado inicial del comportamiento lector de los ni?os de la sede Camilo Torres y dise?ar un plan de acci?n que incluya diversas estrategias did?cticas para mejorarlo. Para identificar los aspectos abordados en la investigaci?n se tom? la muestra total de los ni?os del grado primero de la sede, a quienes se les realiz? una entrevista semiestructurada con preguntas abiertas que posteriormente fueron analizadas desde la perspectiva del enfoque de la investigaci?n cualitativa para realizar un proceso descriptivo y comprensivo de los fen?menos sociales observados. Con respecto a la comprensi?n de los datos se realiz? inicialmente el proceso de transcripci?n, sistematizaci?n y codificaci?n en esquemas que permitieron categorizar, ordenar y llegar a conclusiones generales a partir de las respuestas de los ni?os, posteriormente se dio el proceso de construcci?n de tres redes sist?micas que permitieron hacer el levantamiento de tres categor?as de an?lisis. De igual manera se realiz? una revisi?n te?rica de los elementos claves en el desarrollo del comportamiento lector pasando por la historia de la lectura, conceptos de la did?ctica de la lengua y la motivaci?n en la lectura. Basados en los resultados y como producto de la confrontaci?n de la teor?a y la pr?ctica se cre? un conjunto de nueve estrategias did?cticas para mejorar el comportamiento lector de los ni?os.The research ?Strategies to improve reading behavior of children in the first year of elementary school Camilo Torres headquarters of the school Policarpa Salavarrieta of Girardot city? analyzes the initial state of the reading behavior of children Camilo Torres headquarters and designs an action plan that includes various didactic strategies to improve it. In order to identify the issues raised in the investigation the total sample of children enrolled in the first grade of headquarters, who underwent a semistructured interview with open questions which were subsequently analyzed from the perspective of the approach to be taken qualitative research to carry out a descriptive and understanding of social phenomena observed process. With regard to the understanding of the transcription process data, systematization and coding schemes that enabled categorize, organize, and to draw general conclusions from the responses of children, then the process of construction of three systemic networks were initially performed that allowed you lift three analysis categories. Similarly a theoretical review of the key elements in the development of the reading behavior through the history of reading, concepts of didactic language and motivation in reading was performed. Based on the results and as a result of the confrontation of theory and practice a set of nine didactic strategies was established to improve the reading behavior of children. Keywords: Reading, reading behavior, didactic, strategy

Effects of Feeding of Two Potentially Probiotic Preparations from Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Performance and Faecal Microflora of Broiler Chickens

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of two probiotic preparations, containing live lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 and Lactobacillus casei CECT 4043) and their products of fermentation (organic acids and bacteriocins), as a replacement for antibiotics in stimulating health and growth of broiler chickens. The effects of the supplementation of both preparations (with proven probiotic effect in weaned piglets) and an antibiotic (avilamycin) on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed consumption efficiency (FCE), relative intestinal weight, and intestinal microbiota counts were studied in 1-day posthatch chickens. The experiments were conducted with medium-growth Sasso X44 chickens housed in cages and with nutritional stressed Ross 308 broiler distributed in pens. Consumption of the different diets did not affect significantly the final coliform counts in Sasso X44 chickens. However, counts of lactic acid bacteria and mesophilic microorganisms were higher in the animals receiving the two probiotic preparations (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, although no differences in BWG were observed between treatments, Ross 308 broilers receiving the probiotic Lactobacillus preparation exhibited the lowest FCE values and were considered the most efficient at converting feed into live weight

Photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disruptor compounds under simulated solar light

Nanostructured titanium materials with high UV-visible activity were synthesized in the collaborative project Clean Water FP7. In this study, the efficiency of some of these catalysts to degrade endocrine disruptor compounds, using bisphenol A as the model compound, was evaluated. Titanium dioxide P25 (AEROXIDE® TiO2, Evonik Degussa) was used as the reference. The photocatalytic degradation was carried out under the UV part of a simulated solar light (280–400 nm) and under the full spectrum of a simulated solar light (200 nm-30 μm). Catalytic efficiency was assessed using several indicators such as the conversion yield, the mineralization yield, by-product formation and the endocrine disruption effect of by-products. The new synthesized catalysts exhibited a significant degradation of bisphenol A, with the so-called ECT-1023t being the most efficient. The intermediates formed during photocatalytic degradation experiments with ECT-1023t as catalyst were monitored and identified. The estrogenic effect of the intermediates was also evaluated in vivo using a ChgH-GFP transgenic medaka line. The results obtained show that the formation of intermediates is related to the nature of the catalyst and depends on the experimental conditions. Moreover, under simulated UV, in contrast with the results obtained using P25, the by-products formed with ECT-1023t as catalyst do not present an estrogenic effect.We are grateful for the funding of the European Commission through the Clean Water Project which is a Collaborative Project (Grant Agreement number 227017) co-funded by the Research DG of the European Commission within the joint RTD activities of the Environment and NMP Thematic Prioritie

Development of electrospun active films of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by the incorporation of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes containing oregano essential oil

[EN] This paper reports the development of biodegradable active packaging films of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) by the incorporation of alpha- and gamma-cyclodextrins (alpha-CD and gamma-CDs) containing oregano essential oil (OEO). Herein, both the kneading method (KM) and freeze-drying method (FDM) were first explored for the preparation of alpha-CD:OEO and gamma-CD:OEO inclusion complexes at host:guest ratios of 80:20 wt/wt and 85:15 wt/wt, respectively. The results showed that KM was the most efficient method for the encapsulation of OEO in the CDs cavity in terms of simplicity and rapidity, while it was also yielded the inclusion complexes with the highest antimicrobial and antioxidant performance. The alpha-CD:OEO and gamma-CD:OEO inclusion complexes obtained by KM were thereafter incorporated at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt% into PHBV fibres by electrospinning and annealed at 160 degrees C to produce contact transparent films. It was observed that the optimal concentration of alpha-CD:OEO and gamma-CD:OEO inclusion complexes for homogeneous and continuous film formation was attained at contents of 15 and 25 wt%, respectively. Higher antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were obtained for the gamma-CD:OEO inclusion complexes due to the greater encapsulation efficiency of OEO in gamma-CD, resulting in PHBV films with good performance for up to 15 days. This aspect, together with their improved thermal stability and mechanical strength, give interesting applications to these biopolymer films in the design of active-releasing packaging materials to maintain the physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of food products.The authors would like to thank the Unidad Asociada IATA-UJI "Plastics Technology" and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICI) project RTI 2018-097249-B-C21 and the H2020 EU project YPACK (reference number 773872) for funding. Kelly J. Figueroa-Lopez and S. Torres-Giner are recipients of a Grisolia scholarship (Ref. 0001426013N810001A201) of the Valencian Government (GVA) and a Juan de la Cierva-Incorporaci.on contract (IJCI-2016-29675) from MICI, respectively.Figueroa-Lopez, K.; Enescu, D.; Torres-Giner, S.; Cabedo, L.; Cerqueira, M.; Pastrana, L.; Fuciños, P.... (2020). Development of electrospun active films of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by the incorporation of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes containing oregano essential oil. Food Hydrocolloids. 108:1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106013S118108Ashori, A., Jonoobi, M., Ayrilmis, N., Shahreki, A., & Fashapoyeh, M. A. (2019). Preparation and characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) as green composites using nano reinforcements. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 136, 1119-1124. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.181Aytac, Z., Ipek, S., Durgun, E., Tekinay, T., & Uyar, T. (2017). 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Sorting live stem cells based on Sox2 mRNA expression.

PMCID: PMC3507951This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.While cell sorting usually relies on cell-surface protein markers, molecular beacons (MBs) offer the potential to sort cells based on the presence of any expressed mRNA and in principle could be extremely useful to sort rare cell populations from primary isolates. We show here how stem cells can be purified from mixed cell populations by sorting based on MBs. Specifically, we designed molecular beacons targeting Sox2, a well-known stem cell marker for murine embryonic (mES) and neural stem cells (NSC). One of our designed molecular beacons displayed an increase in fluorescence compared to a nonspecific molecular beacon both in vitro and in vivo when tested in mES and NSCs. We sorted Sox2-MB(+)SSEA1(+) cells from a mixed population of 4-day retinoic acid-treated mES cells and effectively isolated live undifferentiated stem cells. Additionally, Sox2-MB(+) cells isolated from primary mouse brains were sorted and generated neurospheres with higher efficiency than Sox2-MB(-) cells. These results demonstrate the utility of MBs for stem cell sorting in an mRNA-specific manner

3D-printed functional cookies fortified with A. platensis: evaluation of its antioxidant potential and physicalchemical characterisation

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A human monoclonal antibody that specifically binds and inhibits the staphylococcal complement inhibitor protein SCIN

Staphylococcus aureus is a serious public health burden causing a wide variety of infections. Earlier detection of such infections could result in faster and more directed therapies that also prevent resistance development. Human monoclonal antibodies (humAbs) are promising tools for diagnosis and therapy owing to their relatively straightforward synthesis, long history of safe clinical use and high target specificity. Here we show that the humAb 6D4, which was obtained from a random screen of B-cells producing antibodies that bind to whole cells of S. aureus, targets the staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN). The epitope recognized by 6D4 was localized to residues 26 to 36 in the N-terminus of SCIN, which overlap with the active site. Accordingly, 6D4 can inhibit SCIN activity as demonstrated through the analysis of C3b deposition on S. aureus cells and complement-induced lysis of rabbit erythrocytes. Importantly, while SCIN is generally regarded as a secreted virulence factor, 6D4 allowed detection of strongly increased SCIN binding to S. aureus cells upon exposure to human serum, relating to the known binding of SCIN to C3 convertases deposited on the staphylococcal cell surface. Lastly, we show that labeling of humAb 6D4 with a near-infrared fluorophore allows one-step detection of SCIN-producing S. aureus cells. Together, our findings show that the newly described humAb 6D4 specifically recognizes S. aureus SCIN, which can potentially be used for detection of human serum-incubated S. aureus strains expressing SCIN