Técnicas de traducción en el subtitulado al inglés de los peruanismos de la película No me digas solterona

Objetivos: Identificar las técnicas de traducción más utilizadas en el subtitulado al inglés de los peruanismos de la película No me digas solterona. Metodología: La investigación fue de tipo aplicada y correspondió a los diseños descriptivo, transversal y observacional. El corpus genérico estuvo constituido por la película peruana No me digas solterona, de la cual se extrajeron un total de 68 muestras. Resultados: Se evidenció que las técnicas más utilizadas en la traducción de peruanismos fueron la adaptación con 47%, la descripción y la creación discursiva con 15% cada una. Conclusiones: Se concluyó que las técnicas de traducción más utilizadas en los peruanismos fueron la descripción, la descripción y la creación discursiva. Recomendaciones: Se recomienda identificar las características, significado e intención de cada peruanismo a fin de elegir la técnica de traducción adecuada para ofrecer un producto final que mantenga los beneficios que aportan los peruanismos al guio

Anemia em gestantes brasileiras antes e após a fortificação das farinhas com ferro

OBJECTIVE: To compare prevalence of anemia and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in Brazilian pregnant women before and after flour fortification with iron. METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional panel study of public health care centers of municipalities in the five Brazilian regions was conducted. Retrospective data were obtained from 12,119 medical records of pregnant women distributed in two groups: before fortification (delivery prior to June 2004) and after fortification (date of last period after June 2005). Anemia was defined as HbOBJETIVO: Comparar prevalencia de anemia y valores de hemoglobina (Hb) en gestantes brasileñas, antes y después de la fortificación de las harinas con hierro. MÉTODOS: Estudio de evaluación de paneles repetidos, desarrollado en servicios públicos de salud de municipios de las cinco regiones brasileñas. Datos retrospectivos se obtuvieron de 12.119 prontuarios de gestantes distribuidas en dos grupos: antes de la fortificación, con parto anterior a junio de 2004, y posterior a la fortificación, con última menstruación después de junio 2005. Anemia fue definida como HbOBJETIVO: Comparar prevalência de anemia e valores de hemoglobina (Hb) em gestantes brasileiras, antes e após a fortificação das farinhas com ferro. MÉTODOS: Estudo de avaliação de painéis repetidos, desenvolvido em serviços públicos de saúde de municípios das cinco regiões brasileiras. Dados retrospectivos foram obtidos de 12.119 prontuários de gestantes distribuídas em dois grupos: antes da fortificação, com parto anterior a junho de 2004, e após a fortificação, com última menstruação após junho de 2005. Anemia foi definida como Hb < 11,0 g/dL. Valores de Hb/idade gestacional foram avaliados segundo dois referenciais da literatura. Foram utilizados teste qui-quadrado, t de Student e regressão logística, com nível de 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: Na amostra total, anemia caiu de 25% para 20% após fortificação (p < 0,001), com médias de Hb significativamente maiores no grupo "após" (p < 0,001). Observaram-se, entretanto, diferenças regionais importantes: reduções significativas nas regiões Nordeste (37% para 29%) e Norte (32% para 25%), onde as prevalências de anemia eram elevadas antes da fortificação, e reduções menores nas regiões Sudeste (18% para 15%) e Sul (7% para 6%), onde as prevalências eram baixas. Os níveis de Hb/idade gestacional de ambos os grupos se mostraram discretamente mais elevados nos primeiros meses, porém bem mais baixos após o terceiro ou quarto mês, dependendo da referência utilizada para comparação. Análise de regressão logística mostrou que grupo, região geográfica, situação conjugal, trimestre gestacional, estado nutricional inicial e gestação anterior associaram-se com anemia (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de anemia diminuiu após a fortificação, porém continua elevada nas regiões Nordeste e Norte. Embora a fortificação possa ter tido papel nesse resultado favorável, há que se considerar a contribuição de outras políticas públicas implementadas no período estudado

Carbon Structures Grown by Direct Current Microplasma: Diamonds, Single-Wall Nanotubes, and Graphene

Plasma assisted CVD is now an established technique for the growth of a variety of dielectrics and semiconductors. The versatility of an in-house developed direct-current (dc) microplasma deposition system is demonstrated here for the growth of a wide range of carbon-based materials. Diamond, nanodiamond, nanocrystalline graphite, single-wall carbon nanotubes, and few-layer graphene have been deposited using the same dc microplasma deposition system using 0.5% CH4/H2 gas feed, but changing only the substrate temperature (in the range 500−1150 °C) and the total pressure (0.3−200 Torr). The different structures have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The experimental data have been interpreted from a thermodynamic point of view by applying a nonequilibrium nondissipative model. Nonequilibrium phase diagrams are presented and compared to the experimental data to provide a wide-ranging interpretation scenario

Thermosetting polyurethanes from chemically-unmodified lignin: synthesis, characterization and prospective applications

One of the most common approaches to prepare lignin-based polyurethanes (PUs) is to chemically derivatize lignin to modify its structure and to allow its hydroxyl functions to be more readily available for reaction with isocyanates. However such an approach may reduce the competitive advantage of lignin over conventional systems based on fossil-derived polyols, as chemical modifications of lignin may increase both the cost and the environmental impact of the resulting PUs. Therefore, alternative strategies based on the direct use of lignin in co-reaction with suitable polyisocyanates without any preliminary chemical modification are to be preferred. To this end, new thermoset PU coatings from chemically-unmodified lignin are presented in this work. Such novel high-lignin-content thermoset PUs were prepared by recovering a sol fraction from a raw kraft lignin sample by solvent extraction and subsequently directly crosslinking such soluble lignin fraction with a toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-based polyisocyanate at different NCO/OH ratios. A complete characterization of the PU systems highlighted their improved thermal stability, better film forming ability and higher hydrophobic character compared with the uncrosslinked lignin precursor. Additionally, force-distance curve measurements performed by means of an atomic force microscope were employed to determine the elastic modulus of the PU materials. Finally, the lignin-based PU materials were found to exhibit high adhesion on different substrates, including glass, wood and metals. The results of our study provide a clear demonstration of a straightforward and widely applicable strategy to develop advanced high lignin content PU systems and highlight the potential of lignin-based thermoset PUs as high performance bio-derived coatings and adhesives

Pulsed laser deposition of single-layer MoS2 on Au(111): from nanosized crystals to large-area films

Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is a promising material for heterogeneous catalysis and novel twodimensional (2D) optoelectronic devices. In this work, we synthesized single-layer (SL) MoS2 structures on Au(111) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. By controlling the PLD process, we were able to tune the sample morphology from low-coverage SL nanocrystals to largearea SL films uniformly wetting the whole substrate surface. We investigated the obtained MoS2 structures at the nanometer and atomic scales by means of in situ scanning tunneling microscopy/ spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements, to study the interaction between SL MoS2 and Au(111)—which for example influences MoS2 lattice orientation—the structure of point defects and the formation of inplane MoS2/Au heterojunctions. Raman spectroscopy, performed ex situ on large-area SL MoS2, revealed significant modifications of the in-plane E1 2g and out-of-plane A1g vibrational modes, possibly related to strain and doping effects. Charge transfer between SL MoS2 and Au is also likely responsible for the total suppression of excitonic emission, observed by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy

Fully Biobased Polyesters Based on an Isosorbide Monomer for Coil Coating Applications

In this work, novel fully biobased polyester resins are presented for use as binders in the field of coil coating technology. These new materials are based on the copolymerization of isosorbide (ISo) with different industrially available aliphatic biobased building blocks. In order to assess the effect of chemical composition on the chemical-physical properties of such biobased polyester resins, the amount of ISo was systematically varied (18-36 wt %), and the molecular weight and thermal response of the resulting materials were evaluated by means of gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that by tuning the ISo content in the resins, their glass transition temperature (T g ) could be controlled (-22 to 28 °C) without considerably affecting their molecular weight (in the range of 4000-5000 g/mol). The resulting cross-linked coatings (both clear and pigmented) were found to exhibit excellent mechanical properties as well as chemical and photochemical durability, as evidenced by comparative microindentation, hydrolysis, and accelerated weathering tests conducted on the new biobased systems and on commercial oil-based benchmarks. The results of this study demonstrate a versatile approach to tune the chemical-physical response of fully biobased polyester coatings and provide evidence of the potential of ISo-based polyester binders as sustainable high-performance materials for coil coating applications

Carbon Structures Grown by Direct Current Microplasma: Diamonds, Single-Wall Nanotubes, and Graphene

Plasma assisted CVD is now an established technique for the growth of a variety of dielectrics and semiconductors. The versatility of an in-house developed direct-current (dc) microplasma deposition system is demonstrated here for the growth of a wide range of carbon-based materials. Diamond, nanodiamond, nanocrystalline graphite, single-wall carbon nanotubes, and few-layer graphene have been deposited using the same dc microplasma deposition system using 0.5% CH4/H2 gas feed, but changing only the substrate temperature (in the range 500−1150 °C) and the total pressure (0.3−200 Torr). The different structures have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The experimental data have been interpreted from a thermodynamic point of view by applying a nonequilibrium nondissipative model. Nonequilibrium phase diagrams are presented and compared to the experimental data to provide a wide-ranging interpretation scenario