Rapid and sensitive determination of selective progesterone modulator ulipristal acetate in human plasma

Ulipristal acetate is a new synthetic selective progesterone receptor modulator developed mainly as emergency contraceptive (EC) and also used for the treatment of uterine fibroids. A cost effective, sensitive, simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the analysis of ulipristal acetate in human plasma. Following liquid-liquid extraction, the analyte (Ulipristal acetate) and internal standard (Levonorgestrel) were chromatographed using mobile phase in an isocratic elution mode on a reverse phase C18 column. The LC-MS/MS operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode for respective [M+H]+ ions, m/z 476.2/134.1 for analyte and 313.3/245.1 for internal standard. The assay exhibited linear dynamic range of 1-300 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL with relative standard deviation of 7.0%. The intra-batch and inter-batch results were precise with coefficient variation of 2.7 to 7.0 (%) and accuracy of 94.2-99.8 (%). The validated method was simple, fast and repeatable for bioequivalence, pharmacokinetic and therapeutic monitoring studies

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TAFLUPROST OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION

The aim of the present study was to formulate, develop and evaluate ophthalmic solution containing Tafluprost. The selected prostaglandin analogue belongs to BCS - II. So to increase the solubility of the Tafluprost in WFI Beta Cyclodextrin was used by performing various trials variables of the experiments procedure Stirring time and speed were optimized to enhance the solubility. From the experimental procedure with different trails 20mg/mL of Cyclodextrins was fixed for the optimized formula. The product were characterized for appearance, physical state, colour and odour of the drug characteristics. The prepared formulations were evaluated for pH, osmolality and assay and found to be in acceptable ranges. Stability study was carried out for optimized formulation at 40°C±2°C /NMT 25%RH and 30°C ±2°C/ 65%±5% RH for 3 months, were evaluated for pH ,osmolality ,assay found to be within  acceptable limits. Finally it can be concluded that the in house product Tafluprost ophthalmic solution was met with in the specification

UNEARTHING SOIL'S FERTILITY IN DIFFERENT SEISMIC ZONES FOR CONSTRUCTION

Some maqui berry farmers are attempting to make amends for losing in soil fertility by making use of chemical fertilizers on their own crop fields. The conduct of G 11 multi story building of standard and irregular configuration under earth quake is complex also it varies of wind loads are assumed to do something concurrently with earth quake loads. Soil is essential to structures production and it is non-renewable inside a generation time period. Using the quickly growing population, pressure on land to satisfy the requirements for food, fuel and fiber has become enormous. Within this paper a residential of G 11 multi story building is studied for earth quake and wind load using ETABS and STAAS PRO V8i. These analysis are transported out by thinking about different seismic zones as well as for each zone the conduct is assessed if you take three various kinds of soils namely Hard, Medium and Soft .Different response like story drift, displacements base shear are plotted for various zones and various kinds of soils. Presuming that material rentals are straight line static and dynamic analysis is carried out

Development and Validation of new RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Elbasvir and Grazoprevir in Combined Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

A reliable and exact technique was formulated for concurrently determining Elbasvir and Grazoprevir in tablet dosage forms. Chromatogram was developed by running a sample through Zodiac C18 column (4.6 x 150 mm, 5 µm) with the mobile phase containing Orthophosphoric acid (0.1%) and Acetonitrile in the ratio 50:50 v/v. The solution was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, while maintaining the column temperature at 30°C. The optimized wavelength selected was 260 nm. The retention times for Elbasvir and Grazoprevir were determined to be 2.32 min and 3.30 min, respectively. The percentage recovery was found to be 100.16% for Elbasvir and 99.49% for Grazoprevir. The LOD and LOQ values obtained from the regression equations for Elbasvir were 0.30 mg/ml and 0.92 mg/ml, and for Grazoprevir were 0.28 mg/ml and 0.86 mg/ml, respectively. The regression equation for Elbasvir was found to be y = 2282.5x + 2407.2, and for Grazoprevir, it was y = 2366.5x + 7740.4. In conclusion, the developed method proved to be simple and economical, demonstrating successful application for the simultaneous estimation of both Elbasvir and Grazoprevir in bulk and combined tablet formulations. Keywords: Elbasvir, Grazoprevir, RP­HPLC, Validation, Simultaneous estimatio

INTEGRATION OF HUMAN PARTICIPATORY SENSING AND ARCHIVES OF REMOTE SENSING OBSERVATIONS FOR FIELD LEVEL CROP PHENOLOGY ESTIMATION

The rise in global population has increased food and water demand thereby causing excessive pressure on existing resources. In developing countries with fragmented land holdings there exists constant pressure on available water and land resources. Obtaining field scale crop specific information is challenging task. Advent of open freely available multi-temporal remote sensing observations with improved radiometric resolution the possibilities for near real / real time applications has increased. In this study and an attempt has been made to establish operational model for field level crop growth monitoring using integrated approach of crowd sourcing and time series of remote sensing observations. The time series of Sentinel 2 (A and B) satellite has been used to estimate crop growth related components such as vegetation indices and crop growth stage and crop phenology. In initial stage high valued cereal crop Wheat has been selected. The field level information (i.e. 108 Wheat fields) collected using mobile based agro-advisory platform mKRISHI® has been used to extract time series of Sentinel 2 observations (44 scenes for year 2016 and 2018). The moving average has been used for filling gaps in the time series of vegetation indices. The BFAST and GreenBrown package in R were used for detecting breaks in vegetation index time series and estimating crop growth stages. Analysis shows that the estimated crop phenology parameters were in better agreement with the field observations. In future more crops from different agro-climatic conditions will be considered for providing field level crop management advisory

OPERATIONAL NEAR REAL TIME RICE AREA MAPPING USING MULTI-TEMPORAL SENTINEL-1 SAR OBSERVATIONS

Spatio-temporal crop phenological information helps in understanding trends in food supply, planning of seed/fertilizer inputs, etc. in a region. Rice is one of the major food sources for many regions of the world especially in monsoon Asia and accounts for more than 11 % of the global cropland. Accurate, on-time and early information on spatial distribution of rice would be useful for stakeholders (cultivators, fertilizer/pesticide manufacturers and agriculture extension agencies) to effectively plan supply of inputs, market activities. Also, government agencies can plan and formulate policies regarding food security. Conventional methods involves manual surveying for developing spatio-temporal crop datasets while remote sensing satellite observations provide cost effective alternatives with better spatial extent and temporal frequency. Remote sensing is one of the effective technologies to map the areal extent of the crops using optical as well as microwave/Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) sensors. Cloud cover is the major problem faced in using the optical datasets during monsoon (June to Sept. locally called Kharif season). Hence, Sentinel-1 C-band (center frequency: 5.405 GHz) RADAR sensor launched by European Space Agency (ESA) which has an Interferometric Wide-swath mode (IW) with dual polarization (VV and VH) has been used for rice area mapping. Limited studies have attempted to establish operational early season rice area mapping to facilitate local governance, agri-input management and crop growers. The key contribution of this work is towards operational near real time and early season rice area mapping using multi-temporal SAR data on GEE platform. The study has been carried out in four districts viz., Guntur, Krishna, East Godavari andWest Godavari from Andhra Pradesh (AP), India during the period of Kharif 2017. The study region is also called as coastal AP where rice transplanting during the Kharif season is carried out during mid Jun. till Aug. and harvesting during Oct. to mid Dec. months. The training data for various classes viz, Rice, NonRice-Agriculture, Waterbodies, Settlements, Forest and Aquaculture have been obtained from GEE, Global Land Cover (GLC) layers developed by ESA and field observations. We have evaluated the performance of Random Forest (RF) classifier by varying the number of trees and incrementally adding the SAR images for model training. Initially the model has been trained considering two images available from mid June 2017. Further, various models have been trained by adding one consecutive image till end of August 2017 and classification performance has been evaluated on validation dataset. The classified output has been further masked with agriculture non-agriculture layer derived from global land-cover layer obtained from ESA. Analysis shows that incremental addition of temporal observations improves the performance of the classifier. The overall classification accuracy ranges between 78.11 to 87.00 %. We have found that RF classifier with 30 trees trained on six images available from mid June till end August performed better with classification accuracy of 87.00 %. However, accuracy assessment performed using independent stratified random sampling approach showed the classification accuracy of 84.45 %. An attempt is being made to follow the proposed approach for current (i.e. 2018) season and provide incremental rice area estimates in near real-time

A comprehensive analysis of Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) gene for salinity tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Soil salinity affects various crop cultivation but legumes are the most sensitive to salinity. Osmotic stress is the first stage of salinity stress caused by excess salts in the soil on plants which adversely affects the growth instantly. The Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes play a key role in the regulation of abiotic stresses resistance from the high expression of different isoform. Selected genotypes were evaluated to estimate for salt tolerance as well as genetic variability at morphological and molecular level. Allelic variations were identified in some of the selected genotypes for the TPS gene. A comprehensive analysis of the TPS gene from selected genotypes was conducted. Presence of significant genetic variability among the genotypes was found for salinity tolerance. This is the first report of allelic variation of TPS gene from chickpea and results indicates that the SNPs present in these conserved regions may contribute largely to functional distinction. The nucleotide sequence analysis suggests that the TPS gene sequences were found to be conserved among the genotypes. Some selected genotypes were evaluated to estimate for salt tolerance as well as for comparative analysis of physiological, molecular and allelic variability for salt responsive gene Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase through sequence similarity. Allelic variations were identified in some selected genotypes for the TPS gene. It is found that Pusa362, Pusa1103, and IG5856 are the most salt-tolerant lines and the results indicates that the identified genotypes can be used as a reliable donor for the chickpea improvement programs for salinity tolerance

Acute Cardiovascular Manifestations in 286 Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With COVID-19 Infection in Europe

Background: The aim of the study was to document cardiovascular clinical findings, cardiac imaging, and laboratory markers in children presenting with the novel multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: This real-time internet-based survey has been endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiologists Working Groups for Cardiac Imaging and Cardiovascular Intensive Care. Children 0 to 18 years of age admitted to a hospital between February 1 and June 6, 2020, with a diagnosis of an inflammatory syndrome and acute cardiovascular complications were included. Results: A total of 286 children from 55 centers in 17 European countries were included. The median age was 8.4 years (interquartile range, 3.8-12.4 years) and 67% were boys. The most common cardiovascular complications were shock, cardiac arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, and coronary artery dilatation. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction was present in over half of the patients, and a vast majority of children had raised cardiac troponin when checked. The biochemical markers of inflammation were raised in most patients on admission: elevated C-reactive protein, serum ferritin, procalcitonin, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, interleukin-6 level, and D-dimers. There was a statistically significant correlation between degree of elevation in cardiac and biochemical parameters and the need for intensive care support (P<0.05). Polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was positive in 33.6%, whereas immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies were positive in 15.7% cases and immunoglobulin G in 43.6% cases, respectively, when checked. One child in the study cohort died. Conclusions: Cardiac involvement is common in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with the Covid-19 pandemic. The majority of children have significantly raised levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, ferritin, D-dimers, and cardiac troponin in addition to high C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels. In comparison with adults with COVID-19, mortality in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 is uncommon despite multisystem involvement, very elevated inflammatory markers, and the need for intensive care support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio