Exploration of the Balkan bryophyte flora with a special attention to the rare and threatened species

In the last 15 years a network of bryologists from SE Europe has been developed, dealing intensively with the Balkan area, from where there is still relatively few data compared to other parts of Europe. Joint field trips were organised to fill the gap. Special attention was paid to the habitats of rare, threatened species by visiting suitable sites, making collections, listing the bryophyte flora and estimating population size of rare species. More than 15.000 specimens have been deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum collected during these joint field trips and 72 papers have been published on the basis of the material. Voucher specimens of 527 species can also be found in HNHM, which were reported for the first time from the various countries of Balkan. From conservation aspects wetlands are the most important habitat types in SE Europe, threatened mainly due to climate warming. Their extension is decreasing, and they are continuously losing the sensitive bryophytes of their species pool. Although the suitable bogs are small and sporadic in the Balkans, they still maintain several populations of wetland species of European conservation interest, such as Campylium elodes, Drepanocladus polygamus, Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Scorpidium scorpioides, Tomentypnum nitens. The alpine grasslands are also threatened due to climate warming. The Balkan high mountain areas still preserve very diverse bryoflora. Especially areas with acidic bedrock in high elevations have special conservation interest, because they are rare and scattered in the predominantly calcareous Balkan mountains. The bryophyte flora of acidic soil and siliceous outcrops contains many calcifuge species regarded as rare in this region and redlisted in many SE European countries, e.g. arctic, alpine leafy liverworts such as Lophozia wenzelii, Marsupella sphacelata, Scapania praetervisa, Solenostoma confertissima or saxicolous species like the members of Grimmiaceae family (Grimmia caespiticia, G. reflexidens, Schistidium papillosum). In shaded limestone rocky habitats the bryophyte assemblages also contain several species of European conservation interest, e.g. Anomodon rostratus, Mannia triandra, Myurella sibirica, Taxiphyllum densifolium

Survey on the bryophyte flora of the surrounding mountains of the Káli Basin (Balaton-felvidék Region, Hungary)

In 2016 and 2017, exploration of the bryophyte flora was carried out in the surroundings of Kővágóörs, Köveskál and Szentbékkálla villages. In the hilly region around the basin mainly Quercetum cerris forests occur on acidic bedrock, however, some limestone outcrops can also be found at Köveskál. Altogether 123 bryophyte taxa (8 liverworts and 115 mosses) were recorded during our survey. The most important finding was Zygodon forsteri, a redlisted species in Europe, which was recorded for the first time in Hungary. This atlanticsubmediterranean element is a member of the Orthotrichaceae family, growing usually around knot-holes or other hollows of trees where water runs down on the bark, and often on callus tissue. Our specimens were collected in knot-holes of two Quercus cerris trees. Two other species (Anacamptodon splachnoides, Fissidens arnoldii) are included in the Red data book of European bryophytes, which are also protected in Hungary. Anacamptodon splachnoides lives in the same habitat as Zygodon forsteri, around knot-holes. This species was detected on 57 Quercus cerris trees in the investigated forests. Probably the largest population in Europe lives here. Fissidens arnoldii was found on limestone rocks in a stream at Köveskál. Another interesting species is Pottia starckeana s.s., which is in the data deficient (DD) category in he Hungarian Bryophyte Red List (without any recent records for almost 50 years). Several other species found there are redlisted in Hungary, e.g. Eurhynchium speciosum is endangered (EN), Buxbaumia aphylla and Orthotrichum patens are vulnerable (VU). Further 13 species are near threatened (NT) and 16 are regarded as indicators, which by their mere presence represents a greater level of conservation value of the habitat. Habitat preference, population size of species of conservation interest and advice in their conservation management will be given

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BRYOPHYTE FLORA OF THE ALCSÍK BASIN, ROMANIA

A recent investigation on the bryophyte fl ora of the Alcsík Basin resulted in recording 70 bryophyte taxa (5 liverworts and 65 mosses). Although declining in some aspects, the area still preserves very valuable bryophyte vegetation rich in elements characteristic for fens and mires. Hamatocaulis vernicosus is the most valuable species recorded, a bryophyte included in the Bern Convention, in the European Union Habitats and Species Directive, and in the Red data book of European bryophytes. Several other rarities in SE Europe occur in the investigated area, including Breidleria pratensis, Dicranum bonjeanii, Drepanocladus polygamus, Philonotis marchica, P. caespitosa, Plagiomnium ellipticum, Polytrichum strictum, Scorpidium cossonii, Sphagnum spp., and Tomentypnum nitens. Some of these, such as Plagiomnium ellipticum or Tomentypnum nitens, are very abundant and represent the largest populations recently recorded in SE Europe

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE BRYOPHYTE FLORA OF CROATIA IV. ŽUMBERAČKA GORA MTS

A bryological fi eld survey in the Žumberačka gora Mts carried out in July, 2014 resulted in a list of 168 species (34 liverworts and 134 mosses). Two species are reported for the fi rst time from Croatia (Pseudoleskeella rupestris, Riccardia incurvata). Th ree species are included in the Red data book of European bryophytes (Mannia triandra, Anomodon rostratus, and Rhynchostegiella tenuicaulis). Mannia triandra is listed in the Bern Convention and the EU Habitats and Species Directive, as well

Physcomitrium eurystomum and Pohlia proligera, new mosses in the bryophyte flora of Serbia

Physcomitrium eurystomum Sendtn. and Pohlia proligera (Kindb.) Lindb. ex Broth. were recently discovered as new moss species for the bryophyte flora of Serbia. Both species were recorded in the Vlasina Lake area, a large highland wetland plateau in southeastern Serbia

Forminok hatása az aktin filamentum konformációjára = The effect of formin fragments on the conformation of actin filaments

A pályázat keretei között végzett vizsgálatainkban fluoreszcencia spektroszkópiai, gyors-kinetika és EPR módszereket alkalmaztunk motor fehérjék, és az aktin citoszkeleton felépítésében meghatározó szerepet betöltő aktin nukleációs faktorok tanulmányozására. Kinetikai módszerekkel jellemeztük a speciális és eddig ritkán vizsgált XIV-es miozint, valamint részletesen leírtuk és összevetettük különböző fajokból származó emlős izom miozin izoformák tulajdonságait. Megmutattuk, hogy az aktin nukleációs faktorok közé tartozó forminok kötődése fellazítja az aktin filamentumok szerkezetét. EPR vizsgálataink arra is rávilágítottak, hogy ezek a konformációs módosulások heterogén és összetett módon valósulnak meg. Azt is megmutattuk, hogy forminok által kiváltott konformációs változások visszafordíthatóak tropomiozin kötődésével. | The investigations involved in the project were based on the applications of fluorescence spectroscopic, rapid kinetic and EPR methods. We have studied the kinetic and conformational properties of motor proteins and actin nucleation factors. We described the kinetic behaviour of a special class of myosins, the myosin XIV, and also many isoforms isolated from mammalian muscles of various species. We sowed that the binding of formins - a family of actin nucleation factors - to the actin filaments made the structure of the filaments looser. The EPR data showed that these conformational modifications are complex and heterogeneous. Further studies provided evidence, that the forming-induced structural changes could be reversed by the binding of tropomyosin