La violenza contro le donne come questione (trans)culturale. Osservazioni sulla convenzione di Istanbul

Sebbene l’eguaglianza delle donne nei diritti fondamentali sia stata più volte riaffermata nel diritto internazionale, la violenza contro le donne è ancora diffusa in tutto il mondo. Concentrandosi sugli stati (multiculturali) dell’Europa di oggi, la Convenzione di Istanbul mostra grande consapevolezza politica e giuridica sia delle radici culturali di questo fenomeno sia della sua diffusione transculturale. Da qui l’importanza di un’analisi che sottolinei il contributo della Convenzione alla continua ricerca di politiche sempre più efficaci per combattere questa forma di violenza. Nondimeno, dal momento che il percorso si prospetta ancora lungo e difficile, è opportuno anche mettere in evidenza alcune possibili debolezze della Convenzione e alcuni ostacoli che possono ridimensionarne l’impatto giuridico, politico e sociale

Interlegality, Agency and Empowerment. A Different Take on the Feminism v. Multiculturalism Conundrum

By looking at the strategies of agency and empowerment enacted by women in contexts of interlegality, the article attempts to overcome the uncritical perpetuation of both cultural and gender stereotypes that still fuel the feminism v. multiculturalism debate, arguing that, on the one hand, interlegality creates spaces for the exercise of agency and, on the other hand, the exercise of agency unleashes the empowerment potential of interlegalit

Long Wavelength VCSELs Exploitation for Low-Cost and Low-Power Consumption Metro and Access Networks

Long wavelength VCSELs are demonstrated to be able to support metro and access networks in order to achieve low-cost and low-power consumption transceivers. In particular, the exploitation of discrete multitone (DMT) direct modulation allows to achieve high transmission capacities and the availability of widely tuneable MEMS-VCSELs to sustain agility, reconfigurability and colourless features of networks

Beyond 25 Gb/s Directly-Modulated Widely Tunable VCSEL for Next Generation Access Network

We demonstrate capacities beyond 25Gb/s up to 40 km in the whole C-band range without any dispersion compensation by DMT direct modulation and direct detection exploiting widely tuneable MEMS-VCSELs for future low-cost high-capacity access networks

Association of Microvesicles With Graft Patency in Patients Undergoing CABG Surgery

Abstract Background Graft patency is one of the major determinants of long-term outcome following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Biomarkers, if indicative of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, would suggest strategies to limit graft failure. The prognostic value of microvesicles (MVs) for midterm graft patency has never been tested. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate whether MV pre-operative signature (number, cellular origin, procoagulant phenotype) could predict midterm graft failure and to investigate potential functional role of MVs in graft occlusion. Methods This was a nested case-control substudy of the CAGE (CoronAry bypass grafting: factors related to late events and Graft patency) study that enrolled 330 patients undergoing elective CABG. Of these, 179 underwent coronary computed tomography angiography 18 months post-surgery showing 24% graft occlusion. Flow cytometry MV analysis was performed in 60 patients (30 per group with occluded [cases] and patent [control subjects] grafts) on plasma samples collected the day before surgery and at follow-up. Results Before surgery, cases had 2- and 4-fold more activated platelet-derived and tissue-factor positive MVs respectively than control subjects. The MV procoagulant capacity was also significantly greater. Altogether this MV signature properly classified graft occlusion (area under the curve 0.897 [95% confidence interval: 0.81 to 0.98]; p Conclusions The pre-operative signature of MVs is independently associated with midterm graft occlusion in CABG patients and a cumulative MV score stratifies patients' risk. Because the MV signature mirrors platelet activation, patients with a high MV score could benefit from a personalized antiplatelet therapy

10-Gb/s Operation of a Colorless Self-Seeded Transmitter Over More Than 70 km of SSMF

n/

All-optical aggregation and distribution of traffic in large metropolitan area networks using multi-Tb/s S-BVTs

Current metropolitan area network architectures are based on a number of hierarchical levels that aggregate traffic toward the core at the IP layer. In this setting, routers are interconnected by means of fixed transceivers operating on a point-to-point basis where the rates of transceivers need to match. This implies a great deal of intermediate transceivers to collect traffic and groom and send it to the core. This paper proposes an alternative scheme based on sliceable bandwidth/bitrate variable transceivers (S-BVTs) where the slice-ability property is exploited to perform the aggregation of traffic from multiple edges �� -to-1 rather than 1-to-1. This approach can feature relevant cost reductions through IP offloading at intermediate transit nodes but requires viable optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) margins for all-optical transmission through the network. In this work, we prove through simulation the viability and applicability of this technique in large metro networks with a vertical-cavity-surface-emitting laser-based S-BVT design to target net capacities per channel of 25, 40, and 50 Gb/s. The study reveals that this technology can support most of the paths required for IP offloading after simulation in a semi-synthetic topology modeling a 20-million-inhabitant metropolitan area. Moreover, OSNR margins enable the use of protection paths (secondary disjoint paths) between the target node and the core much longer than primary paths in terms of both the number of intermediate hops and kilometers.European Union H2020 project PASSION, grant no. 780326 (http://www.passion-project.eu/)

Self-Seeded RSOA-Fiber Cavity Lasers vs. ASE Spectrum-Sliced or Externally Seeded Transmitters—A Comparative Study

Reflective semiconductor optical amplifier fiber cavity lasers (RSOA-FCLs) are appealing, colorless, self-seeded, self-tuning and cost-efficient upstream transmitters. They are of interest for wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM-PONs) based links. In this paper, we compare RSOA-FCLs with alternative colorless sources, namely the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum-sliced and the externally seeded RSOAs. We compare the differences in output power, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), relative intensity noise (RIN), frequency response and transmission characteristics of these three sources. It is shown that an RSOA-FCL offers a higher output power over an ASE spectrum-sliced source with SNR, RIN and frequency response characteristics halfway between an ASE spectrum-sliced and a more expensive externally seeded RSOA. The results show that the RSOA-FCL is a cost-efficient WDM-PON upstream source, borrowing simplicity and cost-efficiency from ASE spectrum slicing with characteristics that are, in many instances, good enough to perform short-haul transmission. To substantiate our statement and to quantitatively compare the potential of the three schemes, we perform data transmission experiments at 5 and 10 Gbit/s

Self-Seeded RSOAs WDM PON Field Trial for Business and Mobile Fronthaul Applications

GEth, CPRI and 10 Gbit/s transmissions are experimented using amplified and standard self-seeded RSOA WDM PON systems. A field trial setup was exploited to test the system performance in terms of reach and optical budget