Padrões dietéticos e prevenção secundária em insuficiência cardíaca : uma revisão sistemática

Introdução: A Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) é considerada a via final das doenças do coração, causando redução na longevidade e declínio da qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Apresenta-se associada com distúrbios da estrutura e metabolismo muscular, podendo elevar a intolerância ao exercício ou esforço físico, fragilidade e mortalidade. A dieta é fator importante na prevenção secundária da IC, porém ainda não há consenso sobre qual modelo dietético deve ser adotado por esta população. Objetivo: Verificar, através de uma revisão sistemática, a influência de diferentes padrões dietéticos na prevenção secundária em indivíduos adultos portadores de IC. Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Medline, Embase e Cochrane até maio de 2017 sobre estudos que examinaram as dietas DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), Medietarrânea, Low-carb, Hiperproteica, Paleolítica, Vegetariana e Low-fat e prevenção secundária em IC. Nenhuma limitação foi utilizada durante a pesquisa nas bases de dados mencionadas. Resultados: Foram identificados 1119 artigos, e 14 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Foram encontrados estudos com as dietas DASH, Mediterrânea, Hiperproteica e Low-carb. As dietas DASH e Mediterrânea demonstraram melhora nos parâmetros de função cardíaca, capacidade funcional, pressão arterial, estresse oxidativo, estado inflamatório e mortalidade. Apenas um estudo com dieta Hiperproteica foi encontrado, e o consumo desta dieta demostrou melhora nos parâmetros de adiposidade corporal, circunferência da cintura, perfil lipídico e capacidade funcional. Somente um resumo foi encontrado sobre a dieta Low-carb, onde esta se mostrou benéfica apenas sobre a capacidade funcional. Conclusão: Nesta revisão, os padrões de dieta DASH e Mediterrânea demonstraram poder contribuir para a prevenção secundária na IC. O padrão Hiperproteica, no estudo analisado, também se mostrou benéfico. Já o Low-carb demonstrou benefício apenas sobre a capacidade funcional.Background: Heart Failure (HF) is considered the final pathway of heart disease, causing a reduction in longevity and a decline in patients' quality of life, as well as being associated with muscular structure and metabolic disorders, which may increase intolerance to exercise or physical exertion, fragility and mortality. Diet is an important factor in the secondary prevention of HF, but there is no consensus about which dietary pattern should be adopted for this population. Objective: To verify, through a systematic review, the influence of different dietary patterns on secondary prevention in adult individuals with HF. Methods: We searched the Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases until May 2017 for studies examining DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), Mediterranean, Low-carb, Hyperproteic, Paleolytic, Vegetarian and Low-fat dietary patterns and secondary prevention in HF. No limitation was used during the search in the databases. Results: 1119 articles were identified, and 14 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Studies with DASH, Mediterranean, Hyperproteic and Low-carb dietary patterns were found. Adherence to DASH and Mediterranean dietary patterns showed improvement in parameters of cardiac function, functional capacity, blood pressure, oxidative stress, inflammatory status and mortality. Only one study with a Hyperproteic dietary pattern was found, and the consumption of this diet showed an improvement in the parameters of body fat, waist circumference, lipid profile and functional capacity. Only an abstract was found on low-carb diet, where this proved to be beneficial only on functional capacity. Conclusion: In this review, DASH and Mediterranean dietary patterns have been shown to contribute to secondary prevention in HF. The Hyperproteic dietary pattern, in the study analyzed, was also beneficial. The Low-carb pattern showed benefit only on functional capacity

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Dietary patterns in secondary prevention of heart failure : a systematic review

Background: Diet is an important factor in secondary prevention of heart failure (HF) but there is still no consensus as to which dietary model should be adopted by this population. This systematic review aims to clarify the relationship between dietary patterns and secondary prevention in HF. Methods: We searched the Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases for studies with different dietary patterns and outcomes of secondary prevention in HF. No limitation was used in the search. Results: 1119 articles were identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Studies with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean, Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets were found. The DASH pattern showed improvement in cardiac function, functional capacity, blood pressure, oxidative stress and mortality. The Mediterranean diet had a correlation with inflammation, quality of life and cardiac function but just on cross-sectional studies. Regarding the Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets only one study was found with each pattern and both were able to improve functional capacity in patients with HF. Conclusions: DASH pattern may have benefits in the secondary prevention of HF. The Mediterranean diet demonstrated positive correlation with factors of secondary prevention of HF but need more RCTs and cohort studies to confirm these effects. In addition, the Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets, despite the lack of studies, also demonstrated positive effects on the functional capacity in patients with H