The Influence of Dietary Salt on the Osseointegration of Implants in Aging Rats

Introduction The bone-implant interface has been studied extensively, but only few papers focused on the nutritional aspects that may affect bone quality, especially salt intake. Objective To study the osseointegration of implants in salt-loaded rats with low mineral bone content. Methods A total of 60 4-month-oldmale rats were divided in 2 groups (n ¼ 30), being these groups divided in 2 periods, (2 and 4 months). The control group received a normal diet, while the test group received a diet supplemented with 1% sodium chloride (NaCl). Implants were placed in the tibia of both groups. A total of 15 animals of each group were sacrificed at the 2nd month of the experiment, while the remaining animals were sacrificed at the 4th month. Results No statistically significant difference was found in food intake between the groups on any experimental period, but a statistically significant difference was found in the liquid intake in the saline group in both periods. For all groups, osseointegration was observed in both groups.Themeanpercentageof osseointegrationin the corticalbone, in thetrabecular bone, and in the total osseointegrated surface between the control (46.38 16.17%) and saline (49.13 11.52%) groups at 2 months was not statistically different (p ¼ 0.61). The total osseointegration areas of the control (53.98 12.06%) and saline (51.40 13.01%) groups at the 4th month of the study were not statistically (p ¼ 0.61). Conclusion Ingestion of salt did not affect directly the osseointegration process during the period of the experiment. The results suggest that mineral losses may not affect the achievement of good osseointegration in aging rats

Alveolar Bone Loss: A Shorter-Time Study Model in Mice

Mucoperiosteal flap surgery (MPS) of the mouth is conducted in several clinical situations. However, MPS  triggers a resorption process that leads to alveolar bone ridge loss. Rodents are routinely used in studies  evaluating alveolar bone loss (ABL), and the experimental time involved in these experiments is usually 21  days. This study aims at establishing whether the alveolar bone resorption area differs between 10 and 21  days after MPS in mice mandibles. MPS was performed in the vestibular aspect of the left mandible (LM)  of 20 male CF1 mice Mus domesticus. The right mandible (RM) was used as control. Animals formed identical  groups for each experimental time. Animals were euthanized 10 days (ten days group, TG) or 21 days  (twenty one days group, TWG) after the surgical procedure. All mandibles were hemisectioned, cleaned and  stained for stereomicroscopic inspection. Digital images were obtained and the alveolar bone loss area measured  (mm2) using image analysis software. The results demonstrate that a significant loss is observed in the  left mandible (LM) (Student’s t test, p<0.01), as compared to the RM, in both groups. No statistically significant  difference was observed in the ABL area (p>0.05) between TWG and TG. This investigation leads  to the conclusion that it is possible to reduce experimental times when using the MPS model in mice.

Condições de higiene bucal de idosos residentes em instituições geriátricas de pequeno porte em Porto Alegre

Following the population-aging phenomenon, the number and the demands for nursing homes is increasing. Generally, oral health condition of institutionalized elderly people is poor and the maintenance of good patterns of oral hygiene is a problem. The aim of this study is to describe the oral hygiene conditions of elderly people who live in small (0,05). The level of dependence was the variable that presented statistical signficant (p=0,024). Independent elders showed lower means of dental plaque when compared to the moderate dependent or dependent elders. It is concluded that oral hygiene condition of this institutionalized elderly people is poor and need multidisciplinary and interinstitutional actions to revert this frame of continued neglect.Acompanhando o processo de envelhecimento do conjunto da população, o número e a demanda por instituições geriátricas têm aumentado. Geralmente a condição de saúde bucal de idosos residentes em instituições é deficiente e a manutenção da higiene bucal apresenta-se como um problema. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a condição de higiene bucal de idosos residentes em instituições geriátricas de pequeno porte na cidade de Porto Alegre e relacioná-la com variáveis independentes: sexo, idade, tempo de institucionalização e nível de dependência dos residentes, número de cuidadores e preço mensal cobrado pela instituição. A análise da condição de higiene bucal dos idosos foi realizada segundo os princípios que regem a determinação do índice de placa em dentes de Silness e Loë e do índice de placa em prótese de Ambjornsen. O índice de placa médio em dentes resultou 2,24. No exame em próteses, o índice de placa médio apurado atingiu 7,14. A má condição de higiene bucal dos idosos prevalece indiscriminadamente na população pesquisada, quando avaliada segundo as variáveis independentes sexo, idade, tempo de institucionalização, preço mensal cobrado pela da casa geriátrica e número de cuidadores na instituição, pois não apresentaram diferença estatística significante em relação à presença ou à quantidade de placa em dentes e em próteses. O grau de dependência do idoso foi a única variável que apresentou diferença estatística entre as médias (p=0,024). Idosos independentes apresentaram média de placa em dentes inferior àqueles moderadamente dependentes ou dependentes. Conclui-se que a condição de higiene bucal das pessoas idosas examinadas é considerada ruim e requer ações multidisciplinares e interinstitucionais capazes de reverter o quadro de negligência continuada

Instituições geriátricas e negligência odontológica

Elderly abuse represents a whole of actions that include mistreatment, intentionally or not, or neglect against elder people. Mistreatment and neglect may be presence as restrictions, lack of basic care, poor hygiene, poor work conditions and lack of qualificated careers. Poor hygiene is the most serious problem of oral health on clependent elderly. In this population, oral hygiene must be provided. However, it has been constantly neglected, resulting in oral health collapse. Thc aim of this work is discuss some concepts and classify elderly abuse and neglect, list hypothesis of risk factors, review the legislation and identify the difficulties of caregivers. Furthermore, this study wants to stress the necessity of dentist's attention and responsibility of this issue. Dentists must be aware on this reality due to the high prevalence of oral health problems and needs in this group, emphasizing their social responsibility. Oral health care must be joined with the whole health attention, considering that quality of life of elderly people is strongly influenced by oral health conditions.O abuso contra idosos representa um conjunto de ações que incluem maus tratos, intencionais ou não, ou negligência contra indivíduos idosos. Os maus tratos e a negligência podem caracterizar-se por restrições, falhas nos cuidados básicos, higiene deficiente, condições de trabalho precárias e falta de qualificação dos cuidadores, entre outros. Nos idosos que possuem algum grau de dependência, a deficiência de higiene representa o mais sério problema de saúde bucal. Nessa população a higiene é uma das tarefas de responsabilidade do cuidador. Devido a uma série de fatores este cuidado, e especialmente o cuidado com a higiene bucal, sofre negligência resultando em um colapso na saúde bucal do paciente. Este trabalho tem como objetivo conceituar e classificar o abuso e a negligência contra idosos, enumerar hipóteses de fatores de risco, revisar a legislação vigente, identificar as dificuldades dos cuidadores e alertar o cirurgião-dentista para sua responsabilidade nessa problemática. Os cirurgiões-dentistas devem estar cientes dessa realidade devido a alta prevalência de problemas de saúde bucal nessa faixa etária. A consequente necessidade de tratamento reforça a necessidade do cirurgião-dentista repensar sua responsabilidade social. O cuidado odontológico deve estar agregado à atenção integral à saúde do idoso, pois a condição bucal em última análise influencia diretamente a qualidade de vida destes indivíduos

Infiltração do corante azul de metileno nos incisivos inferiores de camundongos em diferentes idades

16

Avaliação do consumo da merenda escolar em Escolas Municipais de Porto Alegre

The objectives of this observational descriptive and crosssectional study were: 1) to describe the diet components of students from the second and third cycles of Porto Alegre public schools, 2) to verify if the institutional school meal offered was eaten by the students and 3) to verify if the presence of canteens inside the schools modifi ed the consumption. A twenty four hour opened reminder was used to evaluate the diet of 1398 students. It was observed that the institutional school meal was hardly consumed by the students, since it was offered to all of them and only 41,8% ate the meal. The consumption of items external to the school meal, were in the great majority, nutritionally weak, with high quantity of sugar and fat. These items must be considered an important factor for the non-consumption of the school meal, besides being a risk factor for the development of chronic degenerative diseases. It was verifi ed that there was an informal commerce of food items inside the four schools studied, what made impossible the comparison between schools with and without canteens. It was observed that the school environment is hardly used for the development of alimentary education activities. This study suggests that the high percentage of students that do not eat the institutional school meal should be interpreted also a waste of public funds.Objetivos: Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever os componentes da dieta dos alunos do Segundo e Terceiro Ciclos de quatro Escolas Municipais de Porto Alegre, verificar se a merenda escolar fornecida pela instituição é consumida pelos estudantes e, também, verificar se a existência de cantina nas escolas modifica o consumo dessa merenda. Métodos: Utilizando de forma aberta um recordatório de vinte e quatro horas que avaliou a dieta de 1398 alunos. Resultados: Verificou-se que a merenda escolar fornecida pela instituição é pouco consumida pelos estudantes, uma vez que é disponibilizada a todos e apenas 41,8% dos participantes do estudo consumiram esta alimentação. Conclusões: O consumo de itens externos à merenda institucional, na sua maioria nutricionalmente fracos e com altos teores de açúcar e gorduras, deve ser considerado um fator que colabora com o não consumo da merenda, além de ser um fator de risco para o estabelecimento de doenças crônico-degerenativas. Verificou-se que há comércio de gêneros nas quatro escolas avaliadas, o que impossibilitou a comparação entre as escolas com e sem cantina. Observou-se ainda que o ambiente escolar é pouco aproveitado para o desenvolvimento de atividades de educação alimentar. Sugere-se que o elevado percentual de alunos que não consomem a merenda institucional deveria ser interpretado como um desperdício de recursos públicos

A Model to Study Gland Regeneration/Development in Rat: The Expression of Metalloproteinase- 9 and Extracellular Matrix Proteins

A model to study gland regeneration as a similar phenomenon to gland development is proposed. This  study evaluated the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs), laminin (LN) and type I and III collagen  in the regeneration of the rat submandibular gland (SMG). Eighteen 30-day-old Wistar male rats were  anesthetized, and the lower third of their SMG left lobe was excised. The animals were killed on the 2nd,  3rd, 7th and 15th postoperative days, and their SMG lobes were removed, fixed and processed in paraffin.  Immunohistochemistry was used to label type I and III collagen, laminin, and MMP-9. The avidin-biotin  technique was used, and the reaction was developed with diaminobenzidine. On the 2nd day, MMP9 expression  was intense in the margins of the regenerating area and inside striated duct cells in the preserved gland. On  the 3rd day, duct cytoplasm labeling persisted and was more intense than in the surrounding mesenchyme,  where labeling increased along time. Concurrently, LN labeling in the basal lamina of epithelial buds was  intense and discontinuous. Types I and III collagen were present during the whole process, which showed  their importance for the regeneration process. The behavior of extracellular macromolecules observed in  this study is similar to their behavior in gland development.

Asepsis in dentist's office

Os autores apresentam uma revisão da literatura sobre métodos de esterilização, desinfecção e antissepsia em consultório odontológico. Neste trabalho enfatizamos as vantagens e desvantagens de todas as formas de assepsia utilizadas na prática odontológica.The authors presents a literatura revision about sterilizations, desinfection and antisepsis methods in dentist's office. In this work emphasize lhe advantages and disadvantatens by every way of asepsis used in dentistry practice