Study of photon emission by electron capture during solar nuclei acceleration. 2: Delimitation of conditions for charge transfert establishment

The conditions for establishment of charge transfer during acceleration of nuclei up to Fe, for typical conditions of solar flare regions T = 5 x 10 to the 3rd power to 2.5 x 10 to the 8th power degrees K were explored. Results show that such conditions are widely assorted, depending on the acceleration mechanism, the kind of projections and their velocity, the target elements, the source temperature and consequently on the degree of ionization of matter and the local charge state of the accelerated ions. Nevertheless, in spite of that assorted behavior, there are some general tendencies that can be summarized as follows. In atomic H electron capture is systematically established from thermal energies up to high energies, whatever the element and for both acceleration process. For a given element and fixed temperature (T), the probability and energy domain of electron capture and loss with Fermi are higher than with Betatron acceleration. For a given acceleration process the heavier the ion the higher the probability and the wider the energy range for electron capture and loss. For given acceleration mechanism and fixed element the importance and energy domain of capture and loss increase with T: for those reasons, the energy range of charge equilibrium (illustrated with solid lines on the next figs.) is wider with Fermi and increases with temperature and atomic number of projectiles. For the same reasons, electron loss is smaller while the lighter the element, the lower the temperature and the Betatron process, such that there are conditions for which electron loss is not allowed at low energies, but only electron capture is established

Study of non-thermal photon production under different scenarios in solar flares. 1: Scenarios and formulations

In order to study the overall phenomenology involved in solar flares, it is necessary to understand their individual manifestation before building a corresponding description of the global phenomenon. Here the concern is with the production of X and gamma rays in solar flares. Flares are initiated very often within the closed magnetic field configurations of active centers. According (2) when beta = kinetic energy density/magnetic energy density approximately 0.2, the magnetic trap configuration is destructed within the time scale of the impulsive phase of flares ( 100 s). A first particle acceleration stage occurs during this phase as indicated by impulsive microwave and hard X-rays bursts. In some flare events, when the field strength beta is very high, the broken field lines may close again, such that later, in the course of the flash and main phases more hot plasma of very high conductivity is created, and so, the field and frozen plasma expand outward, as the kinetic pressure inside the closed loops increases. The magnetically trapped particles excite strong Alfven wave turbulence of small transverse scale

Study of photon emission by electron capture during solar nuclei acceleration. 3: Photon production evaluations

Lower limits of photon fluxes were evaluated from electron capture during acceleration in solar flares, because the arbitrary q sub c asterisk assumed in this work evolves very slow with velocity, probably much more slowly than the physical actual situation: in fact, more emission is expected toward the IR region. Nevertheless the authors claim to show that the factibility of sounding acceleration processes, charge evolution processes and physical parameters of the source itself, by the observational analysis of this kind of emissions. For instance, it would be interesting to search observationally, for the predicted flux and energy drift of F sub e ions interacting with the atomic 0 and F sub e of the source matter, or, even more feasible for the X-ray lines at 4.2 keV and 2.624 + 0.003 KeV from Fe and S ions in ionized Fe at T = 10 to the 7th power K respectively, the 418 + or - 2 eV and 20 + or - 4 eV lines of Fe and S in ionized Fe at 5 x 10 to the 6th power K, which are predicted from Fermi acceleration

Study of photon emission by electron capture during solar nuclei acceleration, 1: Temperature-dependent cross section for charge changing processes

The study of charge changing cross sections of fast ions colliding with matter provides the fundamental basis for the analysis of the charge states produced in such interactions. Given the high degree of complexity of the phenomena, there is no theoretical treatment able to give a comprehensive description. In fact, the involved processes are very dependent on the basic parameters of the projectile, such as velocity charge state, and atomic number, and on the target parameters, the physical state (molecular, atomic or ionized matter) and density. The target velocity, may have also incidence on the process, through the temperature of the traversed medium. In addition, multiple electron transfer in single collisions intrincates more the phenomena. Though, in simplified cases, such as protons moving through atomic hydrogen, considerable agreement has been obtained between theory and experiments However, in general the available theoretical approaches have only limited validity in restricted regions of the basic parameters. Since most measurements of charge changing cross sections are performed in atomic matter at ambient temperature, models are commonly based on the assumption of targets at rest, however at Astrophysical scales, temperature displays a wide range in atomic and ionized matter. Therefore, due to the lack of experimental data , an attempt is made here to quantify temperature dependent cross sections on basis to somewhat arbitrary, but physically reasonable assumptions

Study of non-thermal photon production under different scenarios in solar flares. 2: The Compton inverse and Bremsstrahlung models and fittings

Energy spectra of photons emitted from Bremsstrahlung (BR) of energetic electrons with matter, is obtained from the deconvolution of the electron energy spectra. It can be inferred that the scenario for the production of X-rays and gamma rays in solar flares may vary from event to event. However, it is possible in many cases to associated low energy events to impulsive acceleration, and the high energy phase of some events to stochastic acceleration. In both cases, flare particles seem to be strongly modulated by local energy losses. Electric field acceleration, associated to neutral current sheets is a suitable candidate for impulsive acceleration. Finally, that the predominant radiation process of this radiation is the inverse Compton effect due to the local flare photon field

Experimental test for interpreting the increase in sensibility of doped CR-39

In recent years the sensibility of CR-39 to nuclear tracks has been increased by doping the corresponding monomer with dioctyl phtalate. At this regard, two theoretical approaches are current managed to explain this phenomenon: either the doping react with the active radicals in the chain blocking them, stopping crosslinking between chains, or alternatively that the doping gets between them giving wider space between the crosslinkined chains

Efectos electrofisiólogicos de PC332 Y PC342 sobre los canales Kv4.3 y Kv4.3+KChIP3

Trabajo fin de Máster en Investigación Farmacológica realizado por Diego Alberto Peraza Pérez en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y el Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM-CSIC).En el presente Trabajo de Fin de Máster, hemos estudiado los efectos electrofisiológicos de los compuestos PC332 y PC342 sobre canales KV4.3 y KV4.3+KChIP3. Para ello hemos transfectado células CHO con el cDNA codificante de KV4.3 y KChIP3 y hemos registrado las corrientes generadas por dichos canales KV4.3 y Kv4.3+KChIP3 utilizando la configuración de célula entera de la técnica de patch-clamp. En este estudio hemos demostrado que: i) PC332 se une de forma selectiva a KChIP3, mientras que PC342 no presenta selectividad por esta subunidad reguladora, inhibiendo de forma similar los canales KV4.3 y KV4.3+KChIP3 y ii) los efectos de PC332 resultaron ser tiempo- y voltaje- dependientes, de forma consistente con la unión del fármaco preferentemente a un estado cerrado-activo.Peer Reviewe

Aislamiento de cocaína y benzoilecgonina en muestras de orina por extracciones líquido-líquido y en fase sólida y confirmación por Cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC)

El consumo ilícito de cocaína se ha incrementado extraordinariamente en los últimos años, por lo que resulta indispensable el desarrollo de metodologías seguras, rápidas y eficientes para su detección. En este trabajo se desarrollo una técnica de HPLC de fase reversa con detector de UV para identificar y cuantificar a la cocaína y la benzoilecgonina, con resultados satisfactorios en los parámetros del control de calidad.Se realizó un estudio de recobrado para el aislamiento de la cocaína y la benzoilecgonina en orina con extracciones liquido liquido y en fase sólida con tres tipos de columnas comerciales (Bond Elut Certify, Extrelut 3 y Supelclean LC-18). Las fracciones obtenidas con la extracción líquido-líquido resultaron muy contaminados, con porcentajes de recobrados bajos (45% y 28% para la cocaína y la benzoilecgonina, respectivamente. En las extracciones en fase sólida para la cocaína resultaron muy eficientes las columnas Supelclean LC-18 (87-102 %) y Extrelut 3 (70-102 %), mientras que para el aislamiento de la benzoilecgonina resultaron más eficiente las columnas Extrelut 3 (86-101 %) y Supelclean LC-18 (73-89%). Las columnas Bond Elut Certify resultaron poco eficientes para el aislamiento de la cocaína (53-79%) y con un recobrado aún mas bajo para su metabolito (2-21% %)

Adaptable On-Board Computer for Nanosatellites

Nowadays, nanosatellite missions require a development process for the on-board computer (OBC). This process can be optimized using a unique hardware design for different applications. This paper presents the design, implementation and test of a reconfigurable OBC for nanosatellite applications. Reconfigurability is based on ZYNQ architecture that allows an iterative hardware/software co-design approach. The implementation showed an acceptable compatibility with different applications which lead to a successful integration with a custom payload subsystem. These integrated subsystems along with projects from several universities will perform a test flight on August 2022 in the mission FY22 Fort Sumner Campaign sponsored by NASA. In addition, this work can be seen as an open platform to swiftly develop further subsystem implementations.ITESO, A. C