Behavioral responses of Cyprinus carpio to industrial effluents

Abstract: Fish were collected from Nath Sagar, Paithan 50 kms away from Aurangabad and were brought to the laboratory and exposed to industrial effluent (tannery effluent). Behavioral changes and responses of the fish to the tannery effluent were observed. Control fish showed normal behaviour and swimming in contrast the effluent exposed fish showed abnormal swimming, loss of equilibrium, fading of colour, coughing and opercular movements

Photoelectrochemical investigation on the cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films prepared using spin coating technique

Photoelectrochemical cell technology is one of the simplest technologies, which converts light energy directly into electricity. The synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystals (NCs) was performed by the facile hot injection method. The NCs were characterized by different techniques such as XRD, Raman, UV-Vis, FESEM, and XPS. The XRD pattern confirms the phase pure hexagonal CdS NCs. The band gap of NCs calculated from the UV-Visible spectrum is at 2.40 eV, indicating good absorption in the visible spectrum. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of individual elements in CdS NCs. The CdS thin-films having different thicknesses were prepared on FTO substrates using the spin coating technique. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) investigation of CdS NCs thin-films photoelectrodes was performed by varying its thickness. The increase in the thickness of thin-films increased photocurrent density

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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Determination of Modelling Error Statistics for Cold-Formed Steel Columns

In this article, an attempt has been made to estimate the Modelling Error (ME) associated with compression capacity models available in international standards for different failure modes of compression members fabricated from Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) lipped channel sections. For the first time, a database has been created using test results available in the literature for compression capacities of CFS lipped-channel sections. The database contains details of 273 numbers of compression member tests which have failed in different failure modes, namely, (i) flexural, torsional, flexural-torsional, local, and distortion buckling and (ii) failure by yielding. Only those sources, which report all the details, required to compute the capacities using different standards are included in the database. The results of experimental investigations carried out at CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai, are also included in this test database. The international codes of practice used in calculation of compression capacities of the database columns considered in this paper are ASCE 10-15 (2015), AISI S100-16 (2016), AS/NZS 4600: 2018 (2018), and EN 1993-1-3:2006 (2006). The ASCE, AISI, AS/NZS, and EN design standards have different design guidelines with respect to the failure modes, e.g., ASCE 10-15 (2015) standard provides stringent criteria for maximum width to thickness ratio for stiffened and unstiffened elements. Hence, guidelines for the distortional buckling mode are not provided, whereas the AISI S100-16 (2016) and AS/NZS 4600: 2018 (2018) standards consider separate guidelines for distortional buckling mode and EN 1993-1-3:2006 (2006) standard considers combined local and distortional buckling mode. Further, the sample size for each design standard is varying depending on the design criteria and failure mode. Studies on statistical analysis of ME suggest that the compression capacity predicting models for flexural-torsional buckling mode are associated with large variation irrespective of the design standard. Similar observations are made for the flexural buckling model as per EN 1993-1-3:2006 (2018) standard and distortional buckling models as per AISI S100-16 (2016) and AS/NZS 4600: 2018 (2018) standards. The compression capacities for test database sections are evaluated by neglecting the partial safety factors available in design standards. The probabilistic analysis to determine statistical characteristics of compression capacity indicates the importance of consideration of ME as a random variable. Hence, the ME results will be useful in code calibration studies and may have potential reference to design practice

Liquid-liquid extraction and separation of gallium(III) with Cyanex 921

1114-1116A simple and rapid method for the separation of gallium(III) from aqueous chloride media with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (Cyanex 921) is described. Gallium(III) has been extracted with Cyanex 921 in toluene in the pH range 4.5-6.0 and stripped back with 2.0 M HNO3. The effects of pH, equilibration period, diluents, diverse ion and stripping agents on the extraction of gallium(III) have been studied. The equilibrium constant and the thermodynamic parameters,ΔH, ΔS and ΔG have been evaluated. The method has been extended for binary and multicomponent separation of gallium(III)

EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND pH ON ACUTE TOXICITY OF DIMETHOATE TO PUNTIUS TICTO

Acute toxicity tests were carried out to estimate the LCso values of dimethoate to the freshwater teleost, Puntius ticto. The LCso values were obtained for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr exposures are 6,839, 5,555, 5.070 and 5.012 ppm at normal laboratory conditions. Observations have been made whether the LCso values were affected by the environmental factors i.e pH and salinity. These environmental factors play an important role in the toxicity of pesticides in fish. The mortality rate during acute toxicity test to different salinity and pH were recorded. The pH result shows that toxicity of dimethoate increases with decrease in pH where as toxicity of dimethoate increases with salinity

Remedial Measures on Disposal of Waste Plastic in Ecofriendly Way – Application in Construction of Flexible Pavement (Case Study – Vita City)

Disposal of plastic waste is a major problem globally because plastic is non biodegradable material. Normally, plastic is disposed by incineration and land filling but those methods are harmful for human health and environment also effective in various ways like difficulties in decomposition, choking of waste into sewers, pipelines, etc. The best way of disposal of plastic is utilization in flexible pavement. Shredded waste plastic having a size 2 mm-3 mm. Shredded waste plastic is mixed with bitumen by wet mix process and dry mix process. A property of bitumen and aggregate is improved after mixing of 7% of waste plastic by dry process and 6.5% of waste plastic by wet process. Use of waste plastic in flexible pavement increase the strength of flexible pavement in an eco-friendly way

Synthetic and mechanistic studies in enantioselective allylic substitutions catalysed by palladium complexes of a modular class of axially chiral quinazoline-containing ligands

The application of palladium complexes of a modular series of axially chiral phosphinamine ligands, the Quinazolinaps, to the enantioselective alkylation of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate and methyl dimethyl malonate is described. Complete conversions and enantiomeric excesses of up to 91% were obtained. To elucidate the solution structure of these complexes and their dynamic behaviour, 2D COSY and NOESY NMR experiments were carried out. An X-ray crystal structure of a palladacycle derived from 2-phenylQuinazolinap which possesses two Pd3Cl5 units is shown. Computational studies were also undertaken to allow qualitative predictions of diastereomeric ratios. The observed enantioselectivity was then rationalised in terms of combined spectroscopic and theoretical data. The catalytic results obtained are best interpreted by the reaction proceeding with nucleophilic attack on the allyl trans to the phosphorus donor atom of the major diastereomeric intermediate

Structural, optoelectronic, and photoelectrochemical investigation of CdSe NC's prepared by hot injection method

In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of CdSe nanocrystals (NC's) by facile Hot injection (HI) method. The formation of CdSe NC's was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties were analyzed by UV-visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy shows an excitonic peak at 600 nm in UV-Vis spectra corresponds to the band gap of ~ 2 eV favorable for optoelectronic device applications. The Photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of CdSe thin film prepared by spin coating demonstrates a rise of photocurrent density (Jsc = 0.081 µAcm-2) after illumination. The Mott-Schottky (MS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were further carried out to understand intrinsic properties namely the type of conductivity, flat band potential, charge carrier density (ND), charge transfer resistance, and recombination lifetime. The n-type conductivity, the charge carrier density of ND = 1.292 x 1016 cm-2, and recombination lifetime of 32.4 µs suggest the ideal behavior of CdSe NC's for device quality photoelectrodes