Chilorophyil Fluorescence Responses to Pesticides with Copper Active Ingredient in Pannon frankos and Narancsízű grape varieties

Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) fiuorometry is a sensitive and rapid method used to assess toxic effect of chemical components in plants. This study evaluates the difference in leaf sensitivity of two grapevine varieties, Pannon frankos and Narancsízű, to copper. The Photosynthetic efficiency of the varieties was measured as the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyil fiuorescence (Fv/Fm). Young and older leaves of these varieties were exposed to four different pesticides with copper active ingredients in the recommended dosage: Bordói por (copper sulphate), Champion (copper hydroxide), Rézoxiklorid (copper-oxychloride) and Ridomil Gold Plus (mefenoxamcopper-oxychlorid) and their physiology were studied 4 times, on the 27, 4", 8" and 12" days after treatments. These pesticides caused proportional decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency

Chlorophyil fiuorescence, an indicator of plant physiology disorder

Chlorophyil fluorescence analysis has become one of the most powerful and widely used techniques available to plant physiologists and ecophysioloqists. This review aims to provide an introduction for the novice into the methodology and applications of chlorophyil fluorescence. After a brief introduction into the theoretical background of the technique, the methodology and some of the technical pitfalls that can be encountered are explained. A selection of examples is then used to illustrate the types of information that fluorescence can provide. In recent years, the technique of chlorophyil fluorescence has become ubiquitous in Plant ecophysiology studies. No investigation into the photosynthetic performance of plants under field conditions seems complete without some fluorescence data

Copper fluorescence based copper toxicity assessment of two grape varieties

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis has become one of the most powerful and widely used techniques available to plant physiologists and ecophysiologists. This review aims to provide an introduction for the novice into the methodology and applications of chlorophyll fluorescence. After a brief introduction into the theoretical background of the technique, the methodology and some of the technical pitfalls that can be encountered are explained. A selection of examples is then used to illustrate the types of information that fluorescence can provide. In recent years, the technique of chlorophyll fluorescence has become ubiquitous in plant ecophysiology studies. This study evaluates the difference in leaf sensitivity of two grapevine varieties, Pannon frankos and Narancsízű, to copper. The photosynthetic efficiency of the varieties was measured as the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm). Young and older leaves of these varieties were exposed to four different pesticides with copper active ingredients in the recommended dosage: Bordói por (copper sulphate), Champion 50 WP (copper hydroxide), Rézoxiklorid 50 WP (copper-oxychloride) and Ridomil Gold Plus 42,5 WP (mefenoxam+copper-oxychlorid) and their physiology were studied 4 times, on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th days after treatments. These pesticides caused proportional decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency

Copper fluorescence based copper toxicity assessment of two grape varieties

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis has become one of the most powerful and widely used techniques available to plant physiologists and ecophysiologists. This review aims to provide an introduction for the novice into the methodology and applications of chlorophyll fluorescence. After a brief introduction into the theoretical background of the technique, the methodology and some of the technical pitfalls that can be encountered are explained. A selection of examples is then used to illustrate the types of information that fluorescence can provide. In recent years, the technique of chlorophyll fluorescence has become ubiquitous in plant ecophysiology studies. This study evaluates the difference in leaf sensitivity of two grapevine varieties, Pannon frankos and Narancsízű, to copper. The photosynthetic efficiency of the varieties was measured as the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm). Young and older leaves of these varieties were exposed to four different pesticides with copper active ingredients in the recommended dosage: Bordói por (copper sulphate), Champion 50 WP (copper hydroxide), Rézoxiklorid 50 WP (copper-oxychloride) and Ridomil Gold Plus 42,5 WP (mefenoxam+copper-oxychlorid) and their physiology were studied 4 times, on the 2nd , 4th, 8th and 12th days after treatments. These pesticides caused proportional decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency

Leaf macronutrient composition of grapes in South plain Hungarian vineyards

In our study analysis of samples of vine leaves taken in the different phases of vegetation was carried out in three years, 2010-2012. Our analysis confirmed the translocation of nutrient elements in varying degrees. Laboratory tests were made on about eight thousand leaf samples in our laboratory (Soil and Plant Testing Laboratory of Faculty of Horticulture, Kecskemét College). The results of sample tests, largely arriving from the Southern Hungarian plain region, mainly Bács-Kiskun county, showed that the level of the main nutrient elements from bloom to the completion of maturation tends to decrease. In the case of phosphorus, a continuous slow decline was shown, while N and K varied according to a curve; increase in the beginning of ripening and significant decrease afterwards. Changing in the ratios of some main nutrients (N/K and K/Mg) was also shown. Low level of potassium and phosphorus was observed in about one fifth of the samples, so increase in P and K fertilization may be proposed

Lichens as potential indicators of environmental harm

Environmental protection is one of the most important issues of our time; thereby there is an increasing awareness to regulate activities that degrade the environment pollution. Physical and chemical instrumentations provide accurate quantitative data to the various substances that are polluting but do not give a true picture of the extent of contamination that has impact on living organisms. The environmental impact on organisms and its effects on habitat can be detected by bioindicator plants. We chose Cladonia lichen as a biological indicator. We measured the photosynthetic activity of the algae cells and applied chlorophyll fluorescence induction method for the detection of environmental impacts. The most harmful toxic elements are Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and toxic gases are NO2, SO2. We measured the accumulation of toxic elements in Cladonia lichen populations. Today, the pollution of our environment is mostly caused by cars. A significant amount of Pb in the air comes from the exhaust gases of motor vehicles and contaminant are deposited along the roads. The measurement results confirm that lead contamination have been multiplied by six in the Buda crossing due to the heavy traffic. Transplanted lichen colonies show that the Cd contamination is more than thirty-fold at busy roads than in the National Park. The Cr value also increased by more than double, so it can be stated that mostly roads are blamed for the raise of the level of such toxic elements

Az Aletta és Bianca szőlőfajták összehasonlító vizsgálata = The comparison of Aletta and Bianca grape varieties

Összefoglalás: Az utóbbi évtizedekben felértékelődött az organikus növénytermesztési szemlélet. A Szőlészeti és Borászati Kutató Intézet Egri Állomásán több olyan bor- és csemegeszőlő fajtát állítottak elő, melyek labruscaíz mentesek, jó lombrezisztenciával rendelkeznek. Az Aletta szőlőfajtát a Muscat Ottonel és Seyve-Villard 12375 fajták keresztezésével állították elő. A fajta minősítési folyamatában a Bianca fajtával hasonlították össze. Az Aletta termés mennyisége csaknem kétszerese a Biancánál, mely a nagyobb rügytermékenységnek és nagyobb fürttömegnek köszönhető. Mustfoka alul marad a Bianca fajtának, viszont bora illatosabb és harmonikusabb. Tökéje erőteljes növekedésű, lombszerkezete kedvező a gyengén fejlődő hónaljhajtások miatt. Mivel alsó rügyei is termékenyek, rövid csapos metszés szükséges. Nagyobb terhelés mellett a termésátlaga eléri a 15-20 tonnát hektáronként. Az alacsony szőlő felvásárlási árak miatt a termelők törekednek a minél nagyobb termés elérésére. Szőlőjéből asztali bor készül, ezért a minőség romlása kevésbé fontos. Az Aletta fajta termesztése biztonságos jó fagy, peronoszpóra- és rothadástűrő képessége miatt. Jól illeszkedik az alacsony önköltség-stratégiájú alföldi szőlőtermesztés stratégiába

Homoki szőlőültetvény gyomflórája = Weed vegetation of a vineyard on sandy

Homoki szőlőültetvényekben különösen veszélyes konkurenciát jelentenek a gyomnövények a szőlőnek. Vizet és tápanyagokat vonnak el a kultúrnövénytől, valamint árnyékolhatnak is. A Kecskeméti Főiskola Kertészeti Főiskolai Kara bemutatókerti szőlőültetvényben végeztünk gyomfelvételezéseket. A felvételezések 5 x 2 m-es parcellákon történtek. Négyféle gyomtársulást találtunk: 1. királydinnyés, 2. kövérporcsinos, 3. disznóparéjos-libatopos, 4. aprószulákos

Egyes növényvédő szerek hatása a fácán embrionális fejlődésére

A gyakorlatban alkalmazott növényvédő szerek nemcsak az emberre, hanem az élővilágra is veszélyt jelentenek. E probléma felismerését a peszticid-toxikológia új területe, az ökotoxikológia tette lehetővé. E szakterület ismeretanyagát kívántam bővíteni, amikor a Maloran 50 WP és a Shumithion 50 EC növényvédő szer toxikus hatását vizsgáltam a fácán reprodukciójára. Az embrionális fejlődésre gyakorolt hatást tyúktojásokon végeztem. A tojások egyik részét légkamrán keresztül injektálással, a másik részét permetezéssel kezeltem. A tojásokból meghatároztam az embrióhalandóságot, az embriók esetleges fejlődési rendellenességeit és megvizsgáltam az embriók növekedésének jellemzőit. Az eredmények ismeretében megállapíthatjuk, hogy a Maloran 50 WP és a Shumithion 50 EC az embrionális szakaszban a kontrollhoz képest nagyobb toxicitást mutatott