Hydrolysis of Chlorogenic Acid in Sunflower Flour Increases Consumer Acceptability of Sunflower Flour Cookies by Improving Cookie Color

Sunflower meal, a byproduct of sunflower oil pressing, is not commonly used in alkaline baking applications. This is because chlorogenic acid, the main phenolic antioxidant in sunflower seeds, reacts with protein, giving the baked product a green discoloration. Our group previously demonstrated that a chlorogenic acid esterase from Lactobacillus helveticus hydrolyzes chlorogenic acid in sunflower dough cookie formulations, resulting in cookies that were brown instead of green. This study presents a sensory analysis to determine the acceptability of enzymatically upcycled sunflower meal as an alternative protein source for those allergic to meals from legumes or tree nuts. We hypothesized that the mechanism of esterase-catalyzed chlorogenic acid breakdown does not influence the cookies’ sensory properties other than color and that consumers would prefer treated, brown cookies over non-treated cookies. Cookies made from sunflower meal were presented under green lights to mask color and tested by 153 panelists. As expected, the sensory properties (flavor, smell, texture, and overall acceptability) of the treated and non-treated cookies were not statistically different. These results corroborate proximate analysis, which demonstrated that there was no difference between enzymatically treated and non-treated cookies other than color and chlorogenic acid content. After the cookie color was revealed, panelists strongly preferred the treated cookies with 58% indicating that they “probably” or “definitely” would purchase the brown cookies, whereas only 5.9% would buy green, non-treated cookies. These data suggest that esterase-catalyzed breakdown of chlorogenic acid represents an effective strategy to upcycle sunflower meal for baking applications

Comparative Genomic and Proteomic Analyses of Three Widespread Phytophthora Species: Phytophthora chlamydospora, Phytophthora gonapodyides and Phytophthora pseudosyringae

The genus includes some of the most devastating plant pathogens. Here we report draft genome sequences for three ubiquitous species-, , and . is an important forest pathogen that is abundant in Europe and North America. and are globally widespread species often associated with aquatic habitats. They are both regarded as opportunistic plant pathogens. The three sequenced genomes range in size from 45 Mb to 61 Mb. Similar to other oomycete species, tandem gene duplication appears to have played an important role in the expansion of effector arsenals. Comparative analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) across 44 oomycete genomes indicates that oomycete lifestyles may be linked to CAZyme repertoires. The mitochondrial genome sequence of each species was also determined, and their gene content and genome structure were compared. Using mass spectrometry, we characterised the extracellular proteome of each species and identified large numbers of proteins putatively involved in pathogenicity and osmotrophy. The mycelial proteome of each species was also characterised using mass spectrometry. In total, the expression of approximately 3000 genes per species was validated at the protein level. These genome resources will be valuable for future studies to understand the behaviour of these three widespread species

Comparative Genomic and Proteomic Analyses of Three Widespread Phytophthora Species: Phytophthora chlamydospora, Phytophthora gonapodyides and Phytophthora pseudosyringae

The genus includes some of the most devastating plant pathogens. Here we report draft genome sequences for three ubiquitous species-, , and . is an important forest pathogen that is abundant in Europe and North America. and are globally widespread species often associated with aquatic habitats. They are both regarded as opportunistic plant pathogens. The three sequenced genomes range in size from 45 Mb to 61 Mb. Similar to other oomycete species, tandem gene duplication appears to have played an important role in the expansion of effector arsenals. Comparative analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) across 44 oomycete genomes indicates that oomycete lifestyles may be linked to CAZyme repertoires. The mitochondrial genome sequence of each species was also determined, and their gene content and genome structure were compared. Using mass spectrometry, we characterised the extracellular proteome of each species and identified large numbers of proteins putatively involved in pathogenicity and osmotrophy. The mycelial proteome of each species was also characterised using mass spectrometry. In total, the expression of approximately 3000 genes per species was validated at the protein level. These genome resources will be valuable for future studies to understand the behaviour of these three widespread species

Four Weeks of Probiotic Supplementation Alters the Metabolic Perturbations Induced by Marathon Running: Insight from Metabolomics

Few data are available that describe how probiotics influence systemic metabolism during endurance exercise. Metabolomic profiling of endurance athletes will elucidate mechanisms by which probiotics may confer benefits to the athlete. In this study, twenty-four runners (20 male, 4 female) were block randomised into two groups using a double-blind matched-pairs design according to their most recent Marathon performance. Runners were assigned to 28-days of supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic (PRO) or a placebo (PLB). Following 28-days of supplementation, runners performed a competitive track Marathon race. Venous blood samples and muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were collected on the morning of the race and immediately post-race. Samples were subsequently analysed by untargeted 1H-NMR metabolomics. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified a greater difference in the post-Marathon serum metabolome in the PLB group vs. PRO. Univariate tests identified 17 non-overlapped metabolites in PLB, whereas only seven were identified in PRO. By building a PLS-DA model of two components, we revealed combinations of metabolites able to discriminate between PLB and PRO post-Marathon. PCA of muscle biopsies demonstrated no discernible difference post-Marathon between treatment groups. In conclusion, 28-days of probiotic supplementation alters the metabolic perturbations induced by a Marathon. Such findings may be related to maintaining the integrity of the gut during endurance exercise

A randomized trial of deferred stenting versus immediate stenting to prevent no- or slow-reflow in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (DEFER-STEMI)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess whether deferred stenting might reduce no-reflow and salvage myocardium in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Background: No-reflow is associated with adverse outcomes in STEMI. Methods: This was a prospective, single-center, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept trial in reperfused STEMI patients with ≥1 risk factors for no-reflow. Randomization was to deferred stenting with an intention-to-stent 4 to 16 h later or conventional treatment with immediate stenting. The primary outcome was the incidence of no-/slow-reflow (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction ≤2). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed 2 days and 6 months after myocardial infarction. Myocardial salvage was the final infarct size indexed to the initial area at risk. Results: Of 411 STEMI patients (March 11, 2012 to November 21, 2012), 101 patients (mean age, 60 years; 69% male) were randomized (52 to the deferred stenting group, 49 to the immediate stenting). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to the second procedure in the deferred stenting group was 9 h (IQR: 6 to 12 h). Fewer patients in the deferred stenting group had no-/slow-reflow (14 [29%] vs. 3 [6%]; p = 0.006), no reflow (7 [14%] vs. 1 [2%]; p = 0.052) and intraprocedural thrombotic events (16 [33%] vs. 5 [10%]; p = 0.010). Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction coronary flow grades at the end of PCI were higher in the deferred stenting group (p = 0.018). Recurrent STEMI occurred in 2 patients in the deferred stenting group before the second procedure. Myocardial salvage index at 6 months was greater in the deferred stenting group (68 [IQR: 54% to 82%] vs. 56 [IQR: 31% to 72%]; p = 0.031]. Conclusions: In high-risk STEMI patients, deferred stenting in primary PCI reduced no-reflow and increased myocardial salvage

The Grizzly, February 15, 2000

UC Students Debate Pros, Cons of Pledging On Campus • Feelings of Brotherhood, Sisterhood Prevalent During Pledging Process • Employment Available for Graduating Seniors • True Love: Sorrow and Devotion • Hackers, Hijackers, and the Wide World of Sports • The Greeks Agree: Pledges Have no Free Will • Pledging: What\u27s the Big Deal Anyway? • muMs Schemes at Ursinus • Pat McGee to Jam at Ursinus • Music Review: The Alligator Blues Band • Gymnastics Tops RIC with Season High Score • Intramural 3 on 3 Action: Brains vs. Brute • Indoor Track Steps Up to Eight Way Challenge • Ursinus Wrestling Battles for 4-1 • Sports Profile: Shana Goanehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1459/thumbnail.jp

occCite: Tools for querying and managing large biodiversity occurrence datasets

The amount of observational and specimen-based biodiversity data available to researchers is increasing exponentially, yet the ability to manage and cite large, complex biodiversity datasets lags behind. This management and citation gap impedes reproducibility for data users and the ability for data publishers to track use and accumulate use citations, ultimately harming the longer-term sustainability of the still-emerging enterprise of research data-sharing. Here we present an R package, occCite (v. 0.4.7), to aid researchers in querying large species occurrence data aggregators (specifically, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF, and the Botanical Information and Ecology Network, BIEN), and store metadata such as primary data providers, database accession dates, DOIs, and the taxonomic source used for search terms. occCite also includes tools to summarize and visualize query results and generate citation lists of all data providers and software packages used during the query process. We provide examples of a basic occurrence search and citation workflow as well as an advanced workflow using features for custom optimized searches, visualization, and summary procedures. occCite improves upon existing R packages by uniting data from powerful API-based query packages (rgbif and BIEN) into a unified object-based framework, while maintaining metadata vital to best-practice recommendations for documenting biodiversity analysis workflows. occCite aims to efficiently close the gap in the citation cycle between primary data providers and final research products, allowing researchers to meet dataset documentation standards without sacrificing time and resources to the demands of providing increasing levels of detail on their datasets

The Grizzly, October 13, 1998

Drunk Driving Hits the Campus • A Tale of Two Teams • Wismer Lower Library? • As the World Communicates • Friday Night Fights • GALA Makes Changes, Seeks Broader Support • Wellness to Promote Alcohol Awareness • Berman Quilt Exhibit • Sculptures on Campus • Field Hockey Falls to 0-11 • Women\u27s Soccer at .500 • Football Downed at Homecoming • Cross Country Competes in Dickinson Invitational • UC Volleyball Keeps Steady Pace • Faculty Coaches Give New Edge on Footballhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1426/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 10, 1998

Financial Aid: Who Here Gets It? • President Pleased with Success of Roundtable • Upperclassman Mentors • Opinion: Letter to the Editor; New Athletic Facility; Reflection on Mid-term Elections; U.S. Policy Makers, Look Before you Leap; Cashing in on the Past • Betting, Off-Track and On-Campus • Kidnapped? Grizzly Uncovers Surprising Truth About Missing Corson Statue • War Years Classes Dedicate Promise-Anthem • Remembering War Years Life at Ursinus • Eden Cinema at Ursinus • Waiting for the World to Catch Up • Swimming Takes First Plunge • UC Field Hockey Finishes Strong • Bears\u27 Future: Contenders or Pretenders? • NCAA Sets to Control Wrestling Tragedies • Men\u27s Basketball Prepares for Tough Schedule • Ursinus Athletes Honored • UC Soccer Finishes Season with Tough Losshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1428/thumbnail.jp