Mycological and bacteriological assessment of poultry droppings from poultry pens within Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria

Mycological and bacteriological assessment of poultry droppings from poultry pens within Ilorin metropolis, Kwara, Nigeria and the incidence of antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacterial isolates were investigated. The bacterial and fungal counts ranged from 3.9 x 106 - 2.5×109 and 1.0 x104 - 1.6 x 107 CFU/g respectively. The counts of total coliform, faecal coliform, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 1.9 x 10 2 – 3.9×107, 0.0 - 1.0 x10 6, 1.0 x102 - 1.4 x 107, and 0.0 - 2.0 x 105 CFU/g respectively. The count of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was zero in all the poultry droppings. The bacteria characterized and identified were Micrococcus holobium, Pseudomonas picketti, Bacillus pumilus, Enterobacter agglomerans, Staphylococcus alrettae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Salmonella enteritidis, Streptococcus pluranimalium and Cellobiococcus sciuri. The fungal species isolated were Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces sp., Sporendonema sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, Kloeckera sp., Zygosaccharomyces sp., Candida sp., Aspergillus niger, and Saccharomycopsis. All the Gram negative bacteria were resistant to ceftazidime, gentamcin and Amoxycillin-clavulinate while all the Gram positive bacteria were resistant to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cloxicillin and Amoxycillin-clavulinate. S. aureus and Microbacterium holobium were resistant to all the antibiotics used. It was concluded from this study that the poultry droppings harboured pathogenic bacteria some of which were multiple antibiotics resistant. It is recommended that poultry droppings should be prevented from contaminating poultry feed, and the trough containing feed and water. There should be regulation on the use of antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention in poultry birds

Detection of parasites from the external body surface of cockroaches in femal hostels of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria

No Abstract

Pigmento Beta Vulgaris y Zea Mays Ceratina como materia prima para sustituir metales pesados en la elaboración de labiales, Lima

La investigación fue diseñada para sustituir las cantidades de metales pesados presentes en las barras de labios por pigmentos naturales de Beta Vulgaris (betarraga) y Zea Mays Ceratina (maíz morado). La extracción de los pigmentos de betarraga y maíz morado se realizó por métodos de deshidratación y sedimentación, respectivamente. Para la elaboración de las barras de labial se aplicaron dosis de 0.5 g, 1.0 g y 1.5 g de pigmento de betarraga y una dosis constante de 3 g de pigmento de maíz morado. Los resultados mostraron que la dosis óptima fue de 1.5 g para la barra de labios elaborada con el pigmento de betarraga, observándose una consistencia pastosa en la que sus propiedades físicas presentaron una densidad de 0.85 g/cm³, punto de ablandamiento 71.8 °C y punto de fusión 98.5 °C. Adicionalmente, en las pruebas mecánicas se identificó una reducción de área de 28.2%. A partir de los resultados, se concluyó que las barras labiales elaboradas a base de pigmentos naturales tienen un impacto positivo en la piel, siendo una mejor alternativa para sustituir los tintes sintéticos que contienen metales pesados

OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM DANIELLA OLIVERI OIL SEED USING WASTE SNAIL SHELL AS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

Biodiesel has gained support and recognition as a fuel to replace fossil fuel which has caused a lot of damage to the environment. In search of locally cheap raw materials that could be used for biodiesel production at a cheaper rate. An investigation was carried out with Daniela oliveri oil seed and waste snail shells as raw materials. One step alkaline transesterification was conducted to produce the biodiesel. Snail shell was used as a source of CaO heterogeneous catalysts by calcination process at 9000C for 5 h. Four process parameters were optimized; methanol to oil ratio 7:1, reaction temperature 500C, catalyst concentration 2.0 wt% and reaction time 60 min to obtained high yield of biodiesel 77% from the oil. The fuel properties of the produced biodiesel from D.oliveri oil were compared with the ASTM standard and found within the requirements

Optimization of Transesterification Parameters of Biodiesel Produced from Sword Bean (Cavalia gladiate) Seed Oil

The subject of this study was to optimize the transesterification parameters of biodiesel produced from sword bean (C. gladiate) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Four transesterification parameters (Reaction temperature 55 0C, Catalyst concentration 0.4 wt%, Methanol to oil ratio 4:1 and reaction time 60 min) were optimized. Data obtained revealed that the optimum reaction conditions for the transesterification of C. gladiata seed oil resulted in 92.88% biodiesel yield. Multiple regression analysis produced a quadratic polynomial equation for methylester and a linear relationship was recorded between the observed and predicted value (R2 = 0.9647) with a significant molar ratio and temperature.  The interaction terms of methanol to oil, molar ratio and temperature with reaction time exhibited a positive effect on the methylester yield. The response surface methodology was found to be a suitable technique for optimizing transesterification process and producing biodiesel that meets the ASTM standard

EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF AFRICAN ELEMI PULP AND SEEDS

The aim of this study is to evaluate chemical nutritional constituents of the pulp and seed of African elemi. The evaluation of chemical compositions of pulp and seed of African elemi was obtained from Mararaba Jamma Market Jos, Plateau State in North Central Nigeria were determined using standard analytical methods. The parameters determined of proximate were protein, moisture, fat, ash as well as fibre of the seed were 6.90±0.60, 6.00±0.11, 61.00±0.33, 3.40±0.00 as well as 7.90±0.21 % respectively, in other hand the respective values of protein, moisture, fat, ash as well as fibre of the pulp were 6.80±0.10, 22.20±0.24, 44.50±0.31, 8.20±0.01 as well as 12.00±0.10 %. The carbohydrate content was lowest in the pulp (6.30±0.41%) and highest in the seed (14.80±0.22%). Energy values analyzed in this study were 2625.90±0.25 and 1869.20±0.01 KJ/100g for the samples seed and pulp respectively. These samples contained reasonable amounts of potassium, sodium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, calcium as well as magnesium. The anti-nutritional analysis revealed the presence of oxalate, phytate, saponins, alkaloids, and cyanide which were within the permissible limits. The pulp and seed of African elemi could, therefore, serve as an additional promising source of protein and mineral contents for human and animal feeds formulations

Assessment of Selected Heavy Metal Content on Dumpsites Soil and Vegetables Grown in Muwo Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria

This study examines the concentration of heavy metals in soil samples and some vegetables (spinach, water leaf, bitter leaf and jute mallow) cultivated around dumpsites in Muwo Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria. The soil samples and vegetable were analyzed for Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd using AA500 spectrophotometer after acid digestion. Data obtained show that, the Pb (1.684 mg/kg of Jute) content was high compared to other metals study in this work. Concentration of Zn was 1.993, 0.862 and 0.443 mg/kg for water leaf, soil and control sample respectively. The content of Pb was 1.727, 1.738 and ND mg/kg for water leaf, soil and control sample respectively. Also, the concentration of Pb was 1.736, ND and 0.457 mg/kg for spinach, soil and control sample respectively. However, the content of Zn was 0.786, 0.751 and 0.554 mg/kg for spinach, soil and control sample respectively The accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils is of increasing concern because of, potential health risks, food safety as well as its detrimental effects on the soil ecosystem and human health. The pollution indexes of Ni contents are 0.439, 0.378, and 0.083 for jute, soil and control sample respectively. While Zn concentration was 1.117, 0.858 and 0.492 for jute, soil and control sample respectively. The result of this study shows that Pb concentrations are present in high levels in the study area at the different level of contamination