Effect Of Soil Management On The White Grub Population And Damage In Soybean

To evaluate the effect of soil management systems on population of white grubs, (Phyllophaga cuyabana Moser), and on its damage in soybean, experiments were set up under no-tillage and conventional tillage (one disk plow, and a leveling disk harrow) areas. Primary tillage equipment, used in other soil management systems, such as moldboard plow, disk plow, chisel plow and heavy duty disk harrow were also tested. Fluctuation of P. cuyabana population and the extent of its damage to soybean was similar under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. Results comparing a range of primary tillage equipment showed that it affected soil insect populations differently, depending on the time during the season in which tillage was executed. Larval mortality could mostly be attributed to their exposure to adverse factors, soon after tillage, than to changes in soil conditions. Reduction of white grub population was more evident in plots managed by heavier equipment, such as the moldboard plow. Soil tillage could be one component within the soil pest management system in soybean, however, its use can not be generalized.355887894Alvarado, L., (1979) Comparación Poblacional de "Gusanos Blancos" (Larvas de Coléopteros Scarabaeidae) en Tres Situaciones de Manejo, 5p. , Pergamino : INTA/ EERA, (INTA/EERA. Genéralidades Carpeta de Producción Vegetal. Información, 16)Brown, W.R., Gange, A.C., Insect herbivore below ground (1990) Advances in Ecological Research, 20, pp. 1-58. , San DiegoGarcia, M.A., Arthropods in tropical corn field: Effects of woods and insecticides on community composition (1991) Plant-animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions, pp. 619-634. , PRICE, P.LEWINSOHON, T.M.FERNANDES, W.BENSON, W.W. (Eds.). New York: J. WileyGassen, D.N., Corós associados ao sistema de plantio direto (1993) Plantio Direto no Brasil, pp. 141-149. , ALDEIA NORTE (Passo Fundo, RS) (Ed.). Passo Fundo : Embrapa-CNPT/Fundacep Fecotrigo/Fundação ABCHammond, R.B., Stinner, B.R., Seedcom maggots (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) and slugs in conservation tillage systems in Ohio (1987) Journal of Economic Entomology, 80, pp. 680-684. , LanhamHoffmann-Campo, C.B., Parra, J.R.P., Mazzarin, R.M., Ciclo biológico de Sternechus subsignatus Boheman, 1836 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em soja no norte do Paraná (1991) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 51, pp. 615-621. , Rio de Janeiro(1976) Manual Agropecuário para O Paraná, 1. , LondrinaOliveira, L.J., (1997) Ecologla Comportamental e de Interações com Plantas Hospedeiras em Phyllophaga Cuyabana (Moser) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae, Melolonthinae) e Implicações para o Seu Manejo em Cultura de Soja, 148p. , Campinas : Unicamp, Tese de DoutoradoOliveira, L.J., Hoffmann-Campo, C.B., Do Amaral, M.L.B., Nachi, C., (1992) Coró Pequeno da Soja, 4p. , Londrina : Embrapa-CNPSo. (Embrapa-CNPSo. Documentos, 51)Oliveira, L.J., Hoffmann-Campo, C.B., Sistemas de preparo de solo: Efeito sobre populações de larvas de escarabeídeos e Sternechus subsignatus (1996) Resultados de Pesqulsa de Soja 1990/91, pp. 464-468. , EMBRAPA. Centro National de Pesquisa de Soja (Londrina, PR). Londrina, (Embrapa-CNPSo. Documentos, 99)Rincón, M.B.N., Tiscareño, M., Velásquez, M., Diversidad y abundancia de Melolonthidae y Scarabaeidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) asociados a diferentes sistemas de labranza y porcentajes de cobertura vegetal en agrosistemas de maíz del Estado de Michoacan, México (1997) Reunión Latino-americana de Escara-beidologia, 3, pp. 18-19. , Xalapa. Memórias. Xalapa: Institute de Ecologia, 1997Shelton, M.D., Edwards, C.R., Effects of weeds on the diversity and abundance of insects on soybeans (1983) Environmental Entomology, 12, pp. 296-298. , LanhamDa Silva, M.T.B., Grutzmacher, A.D., Ruedell, J., Link, D., Costa, E.C., Influência de sistemas de manejo de suelos y de culturas sobre insectos sub́terraneos (1994) Clência Rural, 24, pp. 247-251. , Santa MariaDa Silva, M.T.B., Klein, V.A., Efeito de diferentes métodos de preparo do solo na infestação e danos de Sternechus subsignatus (Boheman) em soja (1997) Ciência Rural, 27, pp. 533-536. , Santa MariaDa Silva, M.T.B., Klein, V.A., Link, D., Reinert, D.J., Influência de sistemas de manejo de solos na oviposição de Diloboderus abderus Sturm (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) (1994) Anais da Sociedade Entomológica Brasileira, 3, pp. 543-548. , LondrinaSloderbeck, P.E., Yeargen, K.V., Green cloverworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in conventional and double-cropped, no-till soybeans (1983) Journal of Economic Entomology, 76, pp. 785-791. , LanhamSmith, A.W., Hammond, R.B., Stinner, B.R., Influence of rye-cover crop management on soybean foliage arthropods (1988) Environmental Entomology, 17, pp. 109-114. , LanhamStinner, B.R., House, G.J., Arthropods and other invertebrates in conservation-tillage agriculture (1990) Annual Review of Entomology, 35, pp. 299-318. , Palo AltoStrnad, S.P., Bergman, M.K., Movement of first-instar western corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in soil (1987) Environmental Entomology, 16, pp. 975-978. , LanhamToxclair Jr., N.N., Boethel, D.J., The influence of tillage practices and row spacing on soybean insect populations in Louisiana (1984) Journal of Economic Entomology, 77, pp. 1571-1579. , LanhamWinter, J.P., Voroney, R.P., Ainsworth, D.A., Soil microarthropods in long-term no-tillage and conventional tillage corn production (1990) Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 70, pp. 641-653. , Ottaw

Fire frequency analysis in Portugal (1975-2005), using Landsat-based burnt area maps

Fire frequency in 21 forest planning regions of Portugal during the period 1975–2005 was estimated from historical burnt area maps generated with semi-automatic classification of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery. Fire return interval distributions were modelled with the Weibull function and the estimated parameters were used to calculate regional mean, median and modal fire return intervals, as well as regional hazard functions. Arrangement of the available data into three different time series allowed for assessment of the effects of minimum mapping unit, time series length and use of censored data on the Weibull function parameter estimates. Varying the minimum mapping unit between 5 and 35 ha had a negligible effect on parameter estimates, whereas changing the time series length from 22 to 31 years substantially affected the estimates. However, the strongest effect was caused by censored data. Its exclusion led to substantial overestimation of fire frequency and of burning probability dependence on fuel age. We estimated a countrywide mean fire interval of 36 years and an annual burnt area of 1.2%. Regional variations in fire frequency descriptors were interpreted in terms of land cover and land use practices that affect the contemporary fire regime in Portugal

In vivo and in vitro heat shock proteins gene expression in cattle.

The main purpose for this study was the quantification of the heat shock proteins HSPA1A and HSP90AA1, in cow lymphocytes, when subjected to heat stress directly - in vivo, or indirectly - in vitro. The aim was to identify differences between HSP expression in vitro and in vivo. The experiment was conducted in the Biometeorology and Ethology Laboratory of FZEA-USP. Were used three female Holstein Frisian, which were subjected to heat stress, by sun exposure. The blood samples were collected after sun exposure, with a temperature of 40 ± 2 º C, during three days. For in vitro tests, blood of the same animals was collected and placed for a period of 4 hours in a water bath at 40 º C, thus simulating the thermal stress. Total RNA of lymphocytes was extracted, treated with DNase I and submitted to cDNA synthesis for gene expression quantification of HSPA1A and HSP90AA1, by real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The data were tested for normality by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and for homocedasticity by Levene test. Data were analyzed according to a general linear model procedure with 2 fixed factors treatment and genes expression. Significantly different means were submitted to post-hoc comparisons of means (LSD test) and regarded as significantly different when P<0.05. The results showed that there are no significant differences between the in vitro and the in vivo treatments

Feeding And Oviposition Preference Of Phyllophaga Cuyabana (moser) (coleoptera: Melolonthidae) On Several Crops

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out to study food and oviposition preference by Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) on different plant species as Cajanus cajan L. (pigeon pea), Crotalaria juncea L. (sun hemp), Crotalaria spectabilis Roth (showy crotalaria), Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don (slenderleaf rattlebox), Glycine max [L.] Merrill (soybean), Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton), Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower), Stizolobium aterrimum [Mucuna aterrima] Piper & Tracey (velvetbean) and Zea mays L. (mayze). In no-choice experiments, the number of eggs layed in sunflower, C. juncea and soybean was larger compared to cotton. Despite the fact that the adults did not discriminate among plants, in dual-choice test, the proportion of eggs layed and leaf consumption by P. cuyabana adults in soybean were significantly higher than in C. spectabilis. The larval distribution in the soil was at random in multiple-choice, withouth any trend of preference, but in dual-choice, when soybean was the control, larvae always preferred to feed on its roots. P. cuyabana adults had preference for more suitable hosts and that could stand their offspring survival. This behaviour can be usefully exploited in an integrated management program for this pest.365759764Craig, T.P., Itami, J.K., Price, P.W., A strong relationship between oviposition preference and larval performance in a shoot-galling sawfly (1989) Ecology, 70, pp. 1691-1699Diagne, A. 2004. Seasonal occurrence of Phyllophaga species and biological studies of Phyllophaga ephilida (Say) on sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (1) Lam, in Louisiana. PhD thesis, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, 101pMoron, M.A., (1986) El genero Phyllophaga en México: Morfología, distribución y sistematica supraespecifica, , México, Instituto de Ecología, 341pOliveira, L.J., B. Santos, J.R.P. Parra & C.B. Hoffmann-Campo. 2004. Coró-da-soja, p.151-176. In J.R. Salvadori, C.J. Ávila & M.T.B. da Silva (org.), Pragas de solo no Brasil. Passo Fundo, Embrapa Trigo, Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Fundacep, 541pOliveira, L.J., Garcia, M.A., Flight, feeding and reproductive behaviour of Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) adults (2003) Pesq. Agropec. Bras, 38, pp. 179-186Potter, D.A., Held, D.W., Biology and management of the Japanese beetle (2002) Annu. Rev. Entomol, 47, pp. 175-205Silva, M.T.B. da & J.R. Salvadori. 2004. Coró-das-pastagens, p.191-210. In J.R. Salvadori, C.J. Ávila & M.T.B. da Silva (org.), Pragas de solo no Brasil. Passo Fundo, Embrapa Trigo, Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Fundacep, 541pSilva, da, M.T.B., Tarragó, M.F.S., Link, D., Costa, E.C., Preferência de oviposição de Diloboderus abderus (Sturm) por restos de culturas em solo com plantio direto (1996) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil, 25, pp. 83-87Rausher, M.D., Alteration of oviposition behaviour by Battus philenor butterflies in response to variation in host-plant density (1983) Ecology, 64, pp. 1028-1034Thompson, H.N., Evolutionary ecology of the relationship between oviposition preference and performance of offspring in phytophagous insects (1988) Entomol. Exp. Appl, 47, pp. 3-14Travis, B.V., Habits of the June beetle, Phyllophaga lanceolata (Say), in Iowa (1939) J. Econ. Entomol, 32, pp. 690-69

Phase transitions for suspension flows

This paper is devoted to study thermodynamic formalism for suspension flows defined over countable alphabets. We are mostly interested in the regularity properties of the pressure function. We establish conditions for the pressure function to be real analytic or to exhibit a phase transition. We also construct an example of a potential for which the pressure has countably many phase transitions.Comment: Example 5.2 expanded. Typos corrected. Section 6.1 superced the note "Thermodynamic formalism for the positive geodesic flow on the modular surface" arXiv:1009.462

Digitization of Cultural Heritage Buildings for Preventive Conservation Purposes

This work aims at presenting the experimental results obtained by the application of one of the digital protocols developed during the European project HeritageCare: Monitoring and preventive conservation of historical and cultural heritage. These protocols are devoted to the preventive conservation of heritage constructions and its assets. More specifically, the application of the second level of services of the HeritageCare system is presented through two complementary case studies: a large Neo-Manueline church situated nearby Guimarães, Portugal, and a small Romanesque church located in Palencia, Spain. In each case study a different set of digital technologies was employed with the aim of evaluating the flexibility of the developed protocols. This set of technologies comprises the use of in-house apps for enhancing the visual inspection together with geomatic techniques based on static and wearable laser scanners as well as digital single-lens reflex and as-built 360º cameras. The results obtained by the application of these digital tools have allowed the creation of a Web- GIS platform for ensuring the proper documentation of cultural heritage and streamlining the management of their conservation process according to a proactive approach

Nanocarriers as a tool for the treatment of colorectal cancer

Experimentele farmacotherapi

Nutritional Evaluation Of Children With Chronic Cholestatic Disease

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)To evaluate the nutritional status of children with persistent cholestasis and to compare the anthropometric indices between children with and without liver cirrhosis and children with and without jaundice. Methods Children with persistent cholestasis, i.e. increased direct bilirrubin or changes in the canalicular enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), were included. The anthropometric measures were weight (W), height or length (H), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), arm muscle circumference (AMC), and body mass index (BMI). Results Ninety-one children with cholestasis, with current median age of 12 months, were evaluated. W/age (A) and H/A indices below -2 Z-scores were observed in 33% and 30.8% of patients, respectively. Concerning the W/H index and BMI, only 12% and 16% of patients, respectively, were below -2 Z-scores. Regarding AC, 43.8% of 89 evaluated patients had some depletion. Observing the TST, 64% of patients had depletion, and 71.1% of the 45 evaluated patients had some degree of depletion regarding the ACM index. Conclusion Evaluation using weight in patients with chronic liver diseases may overestimate the nutritional status due to visceromegaly, subclinical edema, or ascites. Indices that correlate weight and height, such as W/H and BMI, may also not show depletion because of the chronic condition in which there are depletion of both weight and height. TST, AC, and ACM are parameters that better estimate nutritional status and should be part of the management of patients with liver diseases and cholestasis. © 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.922197205CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Gene expression in placentation of farm animals: An overview of gene function during development

AbstractEutherian mammals share a common ancestor that evolved into two main placental types, i.e., hemotrophic (e.g., human and mouse) and histiotrophic (e.g., farm animals), which differ in invasiveness. Pregnancies initiated with assisted reproductive techniques (ART) in farm animals are at increased risk of failure; these losses were associated with placental defects, perhaps due to altered gene expression. Developmentally regulated genes in the placenta seem highly phylogenetically conserved, whereas those expressed later in pregnancy are more species-specific. To elucidate differences between hemotrophic and epitheliochorial placentae, gene expression data were compiled from microarray studies of bovine placental tissues at various stages of pregnancy. Moreover, an in silico subtractive library was constructed based on homology of bovine genes to the database of zebrafish — a nonplacental vertebrate. In addition, the list of placental preferentially expressed genes for the human and mouse were collected using bioinformatics tools (Tissue-specific Gene Expression and Regulation [TiGER] — for humans, and tissue-specific genes database (TiSGeD) — for mice and humans). Humans, mice, and cattle shared 93 genes expressed in their placentae. Most of these were related to immune function (based on analysis of gene ontology). Cattle and women shared expression of 23 genes, mostly related to hormonal activity, whereas mice and women shared 16 genes (primarily sexual differentiation and glycoprotein biology). Because the number of genes expressed by the placentae of both cattle and mice were similar (based on cluster analysis), we concluded that both cattle and mice were suitable models to study the biology of the human placenta