Uso de protetor bucal nos desportos de combate e a sua relação com a articulação temporomandibular

Tese de mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2020Introdução: As lesões traumáticas na cavidade oral ocorrem predominantemente em atividades desportivas de alto risco, tais como desportos de contacto e desportos radicais. O Kickboxing e o Muay Thai são desportos que afetam, na maioria das vezes, a face e, consequentemente a articulação temporomandibular (ATM), sendo fatores traumáticos que predispõem a disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs). Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência de traumatismos orofaciais/lesões na ATM durante a prática de Kickboxing e Muay Thai e a utilização de protetores bucais como meio de prevenção. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e transversal, através da elaboração de um questionário a atletas de Kickboxing e Muay Thai, de competição e iniciação/manutenção e com idade superior a 18 anos. Os dados foram recolhidos de dezembro de 2019 a março de 2020, através do preenchimento de um questionário que foi disponibilizado online através da plataforma Google Forms. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 152 indivíduos, praticantes de um total de 15 clubes desportivos e com uma média de idades de 28,5 anos. A prevalência relatada de traumatismos orofaciais foi de 35,5% sendo que destes atletas, cerca de dois terços (59,3%) usavam protetor bucal na altura do acontecimento. Em relação às DTMs, 51,3% dos atletas associa algum acidente durante a prática desportiva com a presença de sinais ou sintomas de distúrbios na ATM. A maioria dos atletas utiliza protetor bucal durante a prática desportiva (93,4%), sendo o protetor Tipo II (aquecido e adaptado) o mais utilizado (90,1%). Conclusão: O Kickboxing e Muay Thai são desportos de contacto muito violentos com grande prevalência para lesões orofaciais e disfunção da ATM, sendo por isso indispensável a utilização de protetores bucais para prevenção.Introduction: Traumatic injuries in the oral cavity occur mostly in high-risk sports activities, such as contact or action sports. Kickboxing and Muay Thai often affect the face and, consequently, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which can predispose to temporomandibular dysfunctions (TMDs). Purpose: Evaluate the prevalence of orofacial trauma/lesions in TMJ during Kickboxing and Muay Thai practice and the use of mouthguards as a mean of prevention. Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted, through the elaboration of a questionnaire to Kickboxing and Muay Thai athletes, competitors, or beginners/maintenance practitioners and over 18 years of age. The data was collected from December 2019 to March 2020, by completing a questionnaire that was available online through Google Forms platform. Results: The sample consisted of 152 individuals, belonging of 15 different sports clubs and with an average age of 28.5 years. The reported prevalence of orofacial trauma was 35.5% and of these athletes, about two thirds (59.3%) were using mouthguard at the time of the trauma event. Regarding TMDs, 51.3% of athletes associate some accident during sports practice with the presence of signs or symptoms of TMJ disorders. Most athletes use mouthguards during sports practise (93.4%), and type II protector (heated and adapted) is the most used (90.1%). Conclusion: Kickboxing and Muay Thai are extremely violent contact sports with a high prevalence for orofacial injuries and TMJ dysfunction, and therefore the use of mouthguards for prevention is indispensable

Períodos de interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijoeiro comum

This work aimed to determine weed interference on common bean crop productivity (Phaseolus vulgaris). The experiment was carried out in the agricultural crop-year of 2016/2017 in the county of Curitibanos, SC. The experimental design was a randomized block design with twelve treatments and five replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2 x 6. The first factor was represented by two interference models being a period of coexistence or period before interference (PAI), and another control period or total period of interference prevention (PTPI). The second factor consisted of 6 growing seasons in which the crop cohabited or was kept free of the presence of weeds (0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 102 days after emergence - DAE). The following parameters were evaluated: the plant stand count at 2.0 meters, number of pods per plant, the mass of a hundred grains, and the final yield. Our results demonstrated that the critical period of interference prevention (PCPI) was situated between 5 and 54 DAE. Weed interference during the whole cycle of the bean crop reduced the number of plants, the number of pods per plant, and the yield of the cv. IPR Tangará, being the last variable in 80.4%.Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar os períodos de interferência de plantas daninhas sobre os componentes de rendimento e a produtividade da cultura do feijoeiro comum, cv. IPR Tangará, cultivado em Curitibanos-SC. O experimento foi conduzido no ano agrícola de 2016/17, no município de Curitibanos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com 12 tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 6. O primeiro fator foi representado por dois modelos de interferência sendo um período de convivência ou período anterior à interferência (PAI) e outro período de controle ou período total de prevenção a interferência (PTPI). O segundo fator foi composto por seis épocas crescentes em que a cultura conviveu ou foi mantida livre da presença das plantas daninhas (0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 102 dias após a emergência - DAE). Foram avaliados o estande de plantas em 2,0 metros, o número de vagens por planta, a massa de cem grãos e a produtividade. O período crítico de prevenção à interferência (PCPI) situou-se entre 5 e 54 DAE. A interferência das plantas daninhas durante todo o ciclo do feijoeiro reduziu o estande de plantas, o número de vagens por planta e a produtividade da cultivar IPR Tangará, sendo que esta última variável apresentou redução de 80,4%

Loss of Raf kinase inhibitor protein expression is associated with human papillomavirus 16 infection in anal tumors

There has been an increase in the incidence of anal cancer in the past two decades, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most frequent histological type identified. Among the risk factors, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most pervasive. Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is expressed in a number of normal human tissues and previous studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of the loss of RKIP expression in several gastrointestinal tumors. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinical implications of RKIP expression in a series of neoplastic lesions of the anal canal. The resected tumors of 48 patients [8 high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), 14 adenocarcinomas and 26 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs)] were immunohistochemically evaluated for RKIP expression, and the results were correlated with clinicopathological data. The results identified a decreased 5-year overall survival rate in patients with adenocarcinoma (40.8%) compared with patients with SCC (76.7%), and a decreased 5-year disease-free survival rate in patients at clinical stages III/IV (37.3 vs. 62.5 and 82.6% for clinical stages 0 and I/II, respectively). Low RKIP expression was revealed in 62.5% of HSILs, 88.5% of SCCs and 100.0% of the adenocarcinomas. High RKIP expression was associated with patient ethnicity (37.5% in non-Caucasians vs. 7.5% in Caucasians) and patient age (33.3% in younger patients vs. 0.0% in older patients). Finally, high RKIP expression was correlated with HPV16 infection status (40% in HPV- vs. 5.3% in HPV+ patients). A correlation was identified between high RKIP expression and lesions with a generally improved prognosis, such as those diagnosed in younger patients, in situ lesions and lesions of lower clinical grades; there was also a negative correlation between high RKIP expression and HPV16 positivity in patients.São Paulo Research Foundation (grant nos. 2010/16795-4 and 2011/08523-7) and Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (grant no. MCT/FINEP/CT-INFRA-PROINFRA 01/2011)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Herbicidas utilizados em milho no controle de soja voluntária

Volunteer soy is a problem in maize cultivation, interfering with its development and growth. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides used in maize for the control of volunteer soybean plants in two phenological stages. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized experimental design in factorial 2 x 11, having as factors two phenological stages and eleven herbicides spray, with four replications. The herbicides spray were composed by: nicosulfuron (40 g ha-1 i.a.); tembotrione (75 g ha-1 i.a.); mesotrione (480 g ha-1 a.i.); atrazine (500 g ha-1 a.i.); 2.4-D (806 g ha-1 a.i.); dicamba (480 g ha-1 a.e.); glufosinate-ammonium (200 g ha-1 a.i.); atrazine + Tembotrione (500 + 75 g ha-1 i.a.); atrazine + mesotrione (500 + 480 g ha-1 a.i.); atrazine + nicosulfuron (500 + 40 g ha-1 i.a.), in addition to a control without application. Visual evaluations were realized at 07, 14, 21, 28 and 35 (DAA) days after application, to determine the control of the voluntary soybean. The results indicate that in both phenological stages, the herbicides mesotrione, nicosulfuron, tembotrione and 2,4-D did not present total control of the soybean. Glufosinate ammonium, atrazine isolated or associated with mesotrione, nicosulfuron and tembotrione 100% controlled the soybean plants from 7 DAA. Dicamba presented total control, in the phenological stage V1 and V3, from 7 DAA and 14 DAA, respectively.A soja voluntária é um problema no cultivo do milho, interferindo em seu desenvolvimento e crescimento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de herbicidas utilizados na cultura do milho para o controle de plantas de soja voluntária em dois estádios fenológicos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 11, tendo como fatores dois estádios fenológicos e onze caldas de herbicidas, com quatro repetições. As caldas testadas foram compostas por: nicosulfuron (40 g ha-1 i.a.); tembotrione (75 g ha-1 i.a.); mesotrione (480 g ha-1 i.a.); atrazine (500 g ha-1 i.a.); 2,4-D (806 g ha-1 i.a.); dicamba (480 g ha-1 e.a.); glufosinato de amônio (200 g ha-1 i.a.); atrazine + tembotrione (500 + 75 g ha-1 i.a.); atrazine + mesotrione (500 + 480 g ha-1 i.a.); atrazine + nicosulfuron (500 + 40 g ha-1 i.a.), além da testemunha sem aplicação. Foram realizadas avaliações visuais aos 07, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após aplicação (DAA) para determinar o controle da soja voluntária. Os resultados indicam que em ambos estádios fenológicos, os herbicidas mesotrione, nicosulfuron, tembotrione e 2,4-D não apresentaram controle total da soja. Glufosinato de amônio, atrazine isolada ou associada ao mesotrione, nicosulfuron e tembotrione controlaram 100% as plantas de soja, a partir dos 7 DAA. Dicamba apresentou controle total, no estádio fenológico V1 e V3, a partir de 7 DAA e 14 DAA, respectivamente

Intermolecular interactions of the malate synthase of Paracoccidioides spp

Background: The fungus Paracoccidioides spp is the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a pulmonary mycosis acquired by the inhalation of fungal propagules. Paracoccidioides malate synthase (PbMLS) is important in the infectious process of Paracoccidioides spp because the transcript is up-regulated during the transition from mycelium to yeast and in yeast cells during phagocytosis by murine macrophages. In addition, PbMLS acts as an adhesin in Paracoccidioides spp. The evidence for the multifunctionality of PbMLS indicates that it could interact with other proteins from the fungus and host. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze proteins that possibly bind to PbMLS (PbMLS-interacting proteins) because protein interactions are intrinsic to cell processes, and it might be possible to infer the function of a protein through the identification of its ligands. Results: The search for interactions was performed using an in vivo assay with a two-hybrid library constructed in S. cerevisiae; the transcripts were sequenced and identified. In addition, an in vitro assay using pull-down GST methodology with different protein extracts (yeast, mycelium, yeast-secreted proteins and macrophage) was performed, and the resulting interactions were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Some of the protein interactions were confirmed by Far-Western blotting using specific antibodies, and the interaction of PbMLS with macrophages was validated by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. In silico analysis using molecular modeling, dynamics and docking identified the amino acids that were involved in the interactions between PbMLS and PbMLS-interacting proteins. Finally, the interactions were visualized graphically using Osprey software. Conclusion: These observations indicate that PbMLS interacts with proteins that are in different functional categories, such as cellular transport, protein biosynthesis, modification and degradation of proteins and signal transduction. These data suggest that PbMLS could play different roles in the fungal cell. © 2013 de Oliveira et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis on third molar extraction

Abstract Introduction Third molar extraction surgery is a common dental procedure, often challenging with increased post-operative complications. The need for antibiotic prophylaxis in these cases remains debated. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on the postoperative clinical course of third molar extraction surgeries. Material and method Sixty-three patients were randomly allocated into two groups after extraction of the four third molars. ATB group (N = 33) the patients received 1g of amoxicillin one hour before the surgical procedure, CTR group (N = 30) the patients did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis. Clinical analyses were performed at 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after the surgical procedure. These analyses consisted of assessing oedema, variation in mouth opening, and soft tissue healing. Furthermore, patient-centered analyses were also carried out through the application of the visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess pain, inflammation, bleeding, difficulty opening the mouth, and chewing. Result No influence of antibiotic prophylaxis was observed on the evolution of clinical parameters of healing, oedema, and mouth opening. Patients did not notice differences regarding their comfort during the postoperative period. Conclusion The incidence of complications observed in the present study was low and was not related to infectious processes. The use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy has no beneficial effects on the postoperative clinical course in third molar extraction

An unusual case of bacillary angiomatosis in the oral cavity of an AIDS patient who had no concomitant tegumentary lesions – case report and review

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is an angioproliferative disease of immunocompromised patients that usually presents as vascular tumors in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by chronic infections with either Bartonella henselae or B. quintana. Oral cavity BA is exceedingly rare and even rarer without simultaneous cutaneous disease. We report herein the case of a 51-year-old HIV-infected man who presented severe odynophagia and an eroded lesion on the hard palate that progressed to an oronasal fistula. No cutaneous lesions were recorded. Doxycycline led to complete resolution. To the best of our knowledge, only six previous cases of oral BA without tegumentary disease have been previously reported and none of them progressed to fistula

Ages and metallicities of stellar clusters using S-PLUS narrow-band integrated photometry: the Small Magellanic Cloud

The Magellanic Clouds are the most massive and closest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, with stars covering ages from a few Myr up to 13 Gyr. This makes them important for validating integrated light methods to study stellar populations and star-formation processes, which can be applied to more distant galaxies. We characterized a set of stellar clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), using the $\textit{Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey}$. This is the first age (metallicity) determination for 11 (65) clusters of this sample. Through its 7 narrow bands, centered on important spectral features, and 5 broad bands, we can retrieve detailed information about stellar populations. We obtained ages and metallicities for all stellar clusters using the Bayesian spectral energy distribution fitting code $\texttt{BAGPIPES}$. With a sample of clusters in the color range $-0.20 < r-z < +0.35$, for which our determined parameters are most reliable, we modeled the age-metallicity relation of SMC. At any given age, the metallicities of SMC clusters are lower than those of both the Gaia Sausage-Enceladus disrupted dwarf galaxy and the Milky Way. In comparison with literature values, differences are $\Delta$log(age)$\approx0.31$ and $\Delta$[Fe/H]$\approx0.41$, which is comparable to low-resolution spectroscopy of individual stars. Finally, we confirm a previously known gradient, with younger clusters in the center and older ones preferentially located in the outermost regions. On the other hand, we found no evidence of a significant metallicity gradient.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure