62 research outputs found
The Association Between Patient Satisfaction and Patient-Reported Health Outcomes
Objective:
Although patient satisfaction is increasingly used to rate hospitals, it is unclear how patient satisfaction is associated with health outcomes. We sought to define the relationship of self-reported patient satisfaction and health outcomes.
Design:
Retrospective cross-sectional analysis using regression analyses and generalized linear modeling.
Setting:
Utilizing the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Database (2010-2014), patients who had responses to survey questions related to satisfaction were identified.
Participants:
Among the 9166 patients, representing 106 million patients, satisfaction was rated as optimal (28.2%), average (61.1%), and poor (10.7%). Main Outcome Measures: We sought to define the relationship of self-reported patient satisfaction and health outcomes.
Results:
Patients who were younger, male, black/African American, with Medicaid insurance, as well as patients with lower socioeconomic status were more likely to report poor satisfaction (all P \u3c .001). In the adjusted model, physical health score was not associated with an increased odds of poor satisfaction (1.42 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-2.28); however, patients with a poor mental health score or ≥2 emergency department visits were more likely to report poor overall satisfaction (3.91, 95% CI: 2.34-6.5; 2.24, 95% CI: 1.48-3.38, respectively).
Conclusion:
Poor satisfaction was associated with certain unmodifiable patient-level characteristics, as well as mental health scores. These data suggest that patient satisfaction is a complex metric that can be affected by more than provider performance
Association of Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Contemporary Lipid-Lowering Therapies and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Greater acculturation is associated with poorer cardiovascular health in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
BACKGROUND: Greater acculturation is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the association between acculturation and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) as measured by the American Heart Association’s 7 CVH metrics. We investigated the association between acculturation and ideal CVH among a multi-ethnic cohort of US adults free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 6506 men and women aged 45 to 84 years of 4 races/eth-nicities. We examined measures of acculturation(birthplace, language spoken at home, and years lived in the United States [foreign-born participants]) by CVH score. Scores of 0 to 8 indicate inadequate, 9 to 10 average and 11 to 14 optimal CVH. We used multivariable regression to examine associations between acculturation and CVH, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income and health insurance. The mean (SD) age was 62 (10) years, 53% were women, 39% non-Hispanic White-, 26% non-Hispanic Black-, 12% Chinese-and 22% Hispanic-Americans. US-born participants had lower odds of optimal CVH (odds ratio [OR]: 0.63 [0.50– 0.79], P\u3c0.001) compared with foreign-born participants. Participants who spoke Chinese and other foreign languages at home had greater odds of optimal CVH compared with those who spoke English (1.91 [1.08– 3.36], P=0.03; and 1.65 [1.04– 2.63], P=0.03, respectively). Foreign-born participants who lived the longest in the United States had lower odds of optimal CVH (0.62 [0.43– 0.91], P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Greater US acculturation was associated with poorer CVH. This finding suggests that the promotion of ideal CVH should be encouraged among immigrant populations since more years lived in the United States was associated with poorer CVH
Association of Lowering Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Contemporary Lipid‐Lowering Therapies and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Background
The relationship between lowering LDL (low‐density lipoprotein) cholesterol with contemporary lipid‐lowering therapies and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) remains uncertain. Methods and Results
Thirty‐three randomized controlled trials (21 of statins, 12 of PCSK9 [proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9] inhibitors, and 0 of ezetimibe) were selected using Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (inception through November 15, 2018). A total of 163 688 nondiabetic patients were randomly assigned to more intensive (83 123 patients) or less intensive (80 565 patients) lipid‐lowering therapy. More intensive lipid‐lowering therapy was defined as the more potent pharmacological strategy (PCSK9 inhibitors, higher intensity statins, or statins), whereas less intensive therapy corresponded to active control group or placebo/usual care of the trial. Metaregression and meta‐analyses were conducted using a random‐effects model. No significant association was noted between 1‐mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol and incident DM for more intensive lipid‐lowering therapy (risk ratio: 0.95; 95% CI, 0.87–1.04; P=0.30; R2=14%) or for statins or PCSK9 inhibitors. More intensive lipid‐lowering therapy was associated with a higher risk of incident DM compared with less intensive therapy (risk ratio: 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.11; P\u3c0.001; I2=0%). These results were driven by higher risk of incident DM with statins (risk ratio: 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05–1.15; P\u3c0.001; I2=0%), whereas PCSK9 inhibitors were not associated with incident DM (risk ratio: 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93–1.07; P=0.96; I2=0%; P=0.02 for interaction). Conclusions
Among intensive lipid‐lowering therapies, there was no independent association between reduction in LDL cholesterol and incident DM. The risk of incident DM was higher with statins, whereas PCSK9 inhibitors had no association with risk of incident DM
National Trends in Cessation Counseling, Prescription Medication Use, and Associated Costs Among US Adult Cigarette Smokers
Importance: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. When used separately or in combination, smoking cessation counseling and cessation medications have been associated with increased cessation rates.
Objectives: To present trends in self-reported receipt of physician advice to quit smoking and in use of prescription smoking cessation medication along with their associated expenditures among a nationally representative sample of active adult smokers in the United States.
Design, Setting, and Participants: This repeated cross-sectional study of US adults aged 18 years or older was conducted from July 5, 2018, through August 15, 2018. Data were collected between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015, from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, an annual US survey of individuals and families, health care personnel, and employers. Participants (n = 29 106) were noninstitutionalized civilians who were randomly drawn from the respondents of the previous year’s National Health Interview Survey. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between sociodemographic factors and receipt of physician cessation advice and use of cessation prescription medication. A 2-part econometric model was used to assess health care expenditures.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Trends in self-reported receipt of physician advice to quit and uptake of prescription smoking cessation medications with associated total and out-of-pocket expenditures.
Results: The study sample consisted of 29 106 participants, with a mean (SD) age of 57 (10) years and a composition of 13 670 women (47.0%). The results were weighted to provide estimates for 31.2 million active adult cigarette smokers. The proportion of smokers who reported receiving physician advice to quit increased from 60.2% (95% CI, 58.5%-62.0%) in 2006 to 2007 to 64.9% (95% CI, 62.8%-66.9%) in 2014 to 2015, with a P for trend = .001. The odds of receiving physician cessation advice was statistically significantly higher in women (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% CI, 1.39-1.59) and lower among uninsured participants (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.52-0.65). Overall, prescription smoking cessation medication use decreased with a corresponding reduction in total expenditures from 46 million) in 2006 to 2007 to 9 million) in 2014 to 2015. Male (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66-0.91), uninsured (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41-0.83), and racial/ethnic minority (African American: OR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.38-0.69]; Asian: OR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.10-0.93]; Hispanic: OR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.36-0.78]) participants were less likely to use prescription smoking cessation medications.
Conclusions and Relevance: The lower rates of delivery of physician advice to quit smoking and the lower uptake of known prescription smoking cessation medications among men, younger adults, uninsured individuals, racial/ethnic minority groups, and those without smoking-associated comorbidities may be associated with the higher smoking rates among these subgroups despite an all-time low prevalence of smoking in the United States; this finding calls for a more targeted implementation of smoking cessation guidelines
Association of Lowering Low�Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Contemporary Lipid�Lowering Therapies and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta�Analysis
Background
The relationship between lowering LDL (low�density lipoprotein) cholesterol with contemporary lipid�lowering therapies and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) remains uncertain.
Methods and Results
Thirty�three randomized controlled trials (21 of statins, 12 of PCSK9 [proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9] inhibitors, and 0 of ezetimibe) were selected using Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (inception through November 15, 2018). A total of 163 688 nondiabetic patients were randomly assigned to more intensive (83 123 patients) or less intensive (80 565 patients) lipid�lowering therapy. More intensive lipid�lowering therapy was defined as the more potent pharmacological strategy (PCSK9 inhibitors, higher intensity statins, or statins), whereas less intensive therapy corresponded to active control group or placebo/usual care of the trial. Metaregression and meta�analyses were conducted using a random�effects model. No significant association was noted between 1�mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol and incident DM for more intensive lipid�lowering therapy (risk ratio: 0.95; 95% CI, 0.87–1.04; P=0.30; R2=14%) or for statins or PCSK9 inhibitors. More intensive lipid�lowering therapy was associated with a higher risk of incident DM compared with less intensive therapy (risk ratio: 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.11; P<0.001; I2=0%). These results were driven by higher risk of incident DM with statins (risk ratio: 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05–1.15; P<0.001; I2=0%), whereas PCSK9 inhibitors were not associated with incident DM (risk ratio: 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93–1.07; P=0.96; I2=0%; P=0.02 for interaction).
Conclusions
Among intensive lipid�lowering therapies, there was no independent association between reduction in LDL cholesterol and incident DM. The risk of incident DM was higher with statins, whereas PCSK9 inhibitors had no association with risk of incident DM
Greater Acculturation is Associated With Poorer Cardiovascular Health in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
BACKGROUND: Greater acculturation is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the association between acculturation and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) as measured by the American Heart Association's 7 CVH metrics. We investigated the association between acculturation and ideal CVH among a multi‐ethnic cohort of US adults free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a cross‐sectional analysis of 6506 men and women aged 45 to 84 years of 4 races/ethnicities. We examined measures of acculturation(birthplace, language spoken at home, and years lived in the United States [foreign‐born participants]) by CVH score. Scores of 0 to 8 indicate inadequate, 9 to 10 average and 11 to 14 optimal CVH. We used multivariable regression to examine associations between acculturation and CVH, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income and health insurance. The mean (SD) age was 62 (10) years, 53% were women, 39% non‐Hispanic White‐, 26% non‐Hispanic Black‐, 12% Chinese‐ and 22% Hispanic‐Americans. US‐born participants had lower odds of optimal CVH (odds ratio [OR]: 0.63 [0.50–0.79], P<0.001) compared with foreign‐born participants. Participants who spoke Chinese and other foreign languages at home had greater odds of optimal CVH compared with those who spoke English (1.91 [1.08–3.36], P=0.03; and 1.65 [1.04–2.63], P=0.03, respectively). Foreign‐born participants who lived the longest in the United States had lower odds of optimal CVH (0.62 [0.43–0.91], P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Greater US acculturation was associated with poorer CVH. This finding suggests that the promotion of ideal CVH should be encouraged among immigrant populations since more years lived in the United States was associated with poorer CVH
Alcohol Type and Ideal Cardiovascular Health Among Adults of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
BACKGROUND: Light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with favorable cardiovascular health (CVH). However, the association between alcohol type and ideal CVH has not been well-established. We examined the relationship between alcohol type and ideal CVH as measured by the American Heart Association’s seven CVH metrics. METHODS: We analyzed data from 6,389 men and women aged 45–84 years from a multi-ethnic cohort free of cardiovascular disease. Alcohol type (wine, beer and liquor) was categorized as never, former, 0 but drink other alcohol types, >0 but 2 drinks/day. A CVH score ranging from 0–14 points was created from the seven CVH metrics (Inadequate score, 0–8; average, 9–10; optimal, 11–14). We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between alcohol type and CVH, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, health insurance, field site and total calorie intake. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of participants was 62 (10) years and 53% were women. Participants who consumed 1–2 drinks/day of wine had higher odds of optimal CVH scores compared to those who never drank wine [adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR) 1.64 (1.12–2.40)]. In comparison to participants who never drank beer, those who consumed >2 drinks/day of beer had lower odds of optimal CVH scores [0.31 (0.14–0.69)]. Additionally, those who consumed >2 drinks/day of liquor had lower odds of optimal scores compared to those who never drank liquor [0.32 (0.16–0.65)]. CONCLUSION: Moderate consumption of wine was associated with favorable CVH. However, heavy consumption of beer or liquor was associated with poorer CVH
Trends and Costs Associated With Suboptimal Physical Activity Among US Women With Cardiovascular Disease
IMPORTANCE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability among
women. Achievement of recommended physical activity (PA) levels is an essential component of
CVD management.
OBJECTIVE: To describe trends, sociodemographic factors, and health care expenditures associated
with suboptimal PA among a nationally representative sample of US women with CVD.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used serial data from the
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 2006 through 2015. The analyses were conducted in August
2018. Women who had self-reported and/or International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision,
diagnosis of CVD were included.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Recommended PA was defined as 30 minutes or more of
moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise, 5 or more days per week. Weighted logistic regression was
used to examine the associations of various sociodemographic factors with suboptimal PA, adjusted
for comorbidities. A 2-part econometric model was used to assess health care expenditures.
RESULTS: A total of 18 027 women were included in this study. The results were weighted to provide
estimates for approximately 19.5 million adult women in the United States with CVD (mean [SD] age,
60.4 [16.9] years). More than half of the women with CVD reported suboptimal PA, a trend that
increased during the 10-year period, with 58.2% (95% CI, 55.9%-60.5%) of participants reporting
suboptimal PA in 2006-2007 vs 61.9% (95% CI, 59.7%-64.2%) in 2014-2015 (P = .004). The
proportion of women with suboptimal PA differed by sociodemographic factors. In adjusted models,
compared with non-Hispanic white women, African American women (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% CI,
1.08-1.38) and Hispanic women (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13-1.58) were more likely to have
suboptimal PA. Women from low- or very low-income strata (compared with high-income strata),
enrolled in public insurance (compared with private insurance), and with less than high school
education (compared with at least some college education) were more likely to have suboptimal PA.
Health care costs among women with CVD with suboptimal PA were higher compared with those
among women who met the recommended PA, and this increased through time, from a mean total
health care expenditure of 11 627-14 820 (95% CI,
16 119) in 2014-2015.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The proportion of women with CVD not meeting recommended
PA is high and increasing, particularly among certain racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups, and is
associated with significant health care costs. More must be done to improve PA for secondary
prevention and reduction of expenditures among women with CVD
Out of Hospital Sudden Death in a Rural Population: Low Rates of ICD Underutilization Among Decedents
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