61 research outputs found
Convolutional neural network can recognize drug resistance of single cancer cells
It is known that single or isolated tumor cells enter cancer patients' circulatory systems. These circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are thought to be an effective tool for diagnosing cancer malignancy. However, handling CTC samples and evaluating CTC sequence analysis results are challenging. Recently, the convolutional neural network (CNN) model, a type of deep learning model, has been increasingly adopted for medical image analyses. However, it is controversial whether cell characteristics can be identified at the single-cell level by using machine learning methods. This study intends to verify whether an AI system could classify the sensitivity of anticancer drugs, based on cell morphology during culture. We constructed a CNN based on the VGG16 model that could predict the efficiency of antitumor drugs at the single-cell level. The machine learning revealed that our model could identify the effects of antitumor drugs with ~0.80 accuracies. Our results show that, in the future, realizing precision medicine to identify effective antitumor drugs for individual patients may be possible by extracting CTCs from blood and performing classification by using an AI system
Antiatherogenic effect of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic patients irrespective of the responsiveness to its antidiabetic effect
WSTĘP. Tiazolidinediony (TZD) to grupa leków zwiększających wrażliwość na insulinę, które stosuje się w leczeniu cukrzycy typu 2. Działają one także przeciwmiażdżycowo. Celem badania było wyjaśnienie zależności między przeciwmiażdżycowym a przeciwcukrzycowym działaniem pioglitazonu, leku z grupy TZD, u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2.
MATERIAŁ I METODY. W badaniu wzięło udział 136 chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 narodowości japońskiej. Uczestników podzielono na 2 grupy: chorych leczonych pioglitazonem w dawce 30 mg na dobę przez 3 miesiące (n = 70) oraz pacjentów niepoddanych leczeniu (grupę kontrolną, n = 66). Podczas badania kontrolowano zmiany metabolizmu
glikolipidów, stężenia w osoczu białka C-reaktywnego (CRP, C-reactive protein), leptyny i adiponektyny oraz prędkość fali tętna (PWV, pulse-wave velocity), aby przeanalizować zależność między przeciwmiażdżycowym a przeciwcukrzycowym działaniem
pioglitazonu.
WYNIKI. U osób leczonych pioglitazonem stwierdzono istotne obniżenie hiperglikemii, hiperinsulinemii i stężenia HbA1c oraz wzrost stężenia adiponektyny w osoczu w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną (p < 0,01). Ponadto, odnotowano istotne obniżenie
stężenia CRP i PWV (p < 0,01). Przeciwmiażdżycowe działanie pioglitazonu zaobserwowano zarówno u pacjentów, u których nie uzyskano poprawy wyrównania cukrzycy, a redukcja stężenia HbA1c wynosiła poniżej 1% (n = 30) (nonresponders, osoby niepodatne na leczenie), jak i u chorych z dobrą odpowiedzią na terapię (responders, osoby podatne na leczenie), u których redukcja stężenia HbA1c przekraczała 1% (n = 40). Stosując model ANCOVA wykazano, że leczenie pioglitazonem wiązało się z niskimi wartościami
CRP i PWV, niezależnie od zmian parametrów związanych z metabolizmem glukozy.
WNIOSKI. W omawianym badaniu po raz pierwszy przedstawiono przeciwmiażdżycowe działanie pioglitazonu zarówno u chorych podatnych, jak i niepodatnych na przeciwcukrzycowe działanie leku. Wyniki badania sugerują, że pioglitazon może wywierać efekt przeciwmiażdżycowy
niezależnie od wpływu na glikemię.INTRODUCTION. Thiazolidinediones (TZD), a class of
insulin-sensitizing agents used clinically to treat type 2
diabetes, are also antiatherogenic. This study was
designed to elucidate the relationship between the
antiatherogenic and antidiabetic effects of pioglitazone,
a TZD, in type diabetic patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. A total of 136 Japanese
type 2 diabetic patients were included and divided
into two groups: the pioglitazone-treated group
(30 mg daily 3 months) (n = 70) and the untreated
control group (n = 66). The changes in glycolipid
metabolism as well as plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive
protein (CRP), leptin, adiponectin, and pulse
wave velocity (PWV) were monitored to analyze the
relationship between the antiatherogenic and antidiabetic
effects of pioglitazone.
RESULTS. The pioglitazone treatment significantly
reduced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and HbA1c
levels and increased plasma adiponectin concentrations
relative to the control group (P < 0.01). It also
significantly decreased CRP and PWV (P < 0.01). The
antiatherogenic effect was observed in both the nonresponders
showing < 1% of reduction in HbA1c
(n = 30) and responders showing > 1% of reduction
(n = 40). ANCOVA revealed that treatment with
pioglitazone was associated with a low CRP and
PWV, independent of the changes in parameters
related to glucose metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS. This study represents the first demonstration
of the antiatherogenic effect of pioglitazone
in both nonresponders and responders with
respect to its antidiabetic effect and suggests that
pioglitazone can exert its antiatherogenic effect independently
of its antidiabetic effect
Recent comparability of oceanographic nutrients data: Results of a 2003 intercomparison exercise using reference materials
An intercomparison exercise was conducted using the recently developed Reference Material for Nutrients in Seawater (RMNS). Discrepancies of reported values among laboratories were greater than the homogeneity of RMNS samples and the reported analytical precision of nutrients. The variability of in-house standards of the participating laboratories might be the most likely source of interlaboratory discrepancies. Therefore, the use of common reference materials, i.e. certified RM, is essential to establish and improve the comparability of nutrient data of the world's oceans
Reviewed Article: The Discovery of Chimpanzees in the Lwazi River Area, Tanzania: a New Southern Distribution Limit
DIET OF SAVANNA CHIMPANZEES IN THE UGALLA AREA, TANZANIA
We studied the diet of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the Ugalla savanna woodland area of western Tanzania. This area is the most eastern habitat and one of the driest and most open habitats of chimpanzees. Field surveys were conducted mainly at the Nguye and Bhukalai sites in Ugalla from 1995 to 2011, during which we collected 465 feces of chimpanzees. From the discernable components of the Ugalla chimpanzees' diet in the fecal samples we collected and recorded, we compared the diet of these chimpanzees with that of chimpanzees in wet habitats, especially Mahale and Gombe in Tanzania, in the literature. Chimpanzees in Ugalla had eaten 117 plant parts of 100 plant species, 1 bird species, at least 1 small mammal species, and at least 3 insect species, including termites and ants. These chimpanzees in Ugalla ate fewer plant species and plant parts, more underground storage organs of plants, and fewer vertebrates and invertebrates than did the chimpanzees in Mahale and Gombe
チベットモンキーのブリッジング行動における社会関係
京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第5811号理博第1580号新制||理||881(附属図書館)UT51-94-X193京都大学大学院理学研究科霊長類学専攻(主査)教授 加納 隆至, 教授 杉山 幸九, 教授 松沢 哲郎学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA
<Article> The Population and Habitat Preferences of Chimpanzees in Non-Protected Areas of Tanzania
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