17 research outputs found
Variaci贸n espacio-temporal de Chironomidae (Diptera) bent贸nicos y derivantes en un arroyo serrano en C贸rdoba, Argentina
Chironomidae es una de las familias m谩s abundantes y diversas en los ecosistemas de agua dulce, sin embargo su complejidad sistem谩tica ha sido motivo de su escaso desarrollo en muchos estudios limnol贸gicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los ensambles de Chironomidae bent贸nicos y derivantes de un arroyo serrano de la regi贸n central de Argentina evaluando abundancia, diversidad y composici贸n de especies en diferentes h谩bitats fluviales y distintas estaciones del a帽o. Se tomaron muestras cuantitativas de bentos y deriva en el arroyo Achiras (C贸rdoba, Argentina) en h谩bitats de rabi贸n y corredera, y se registraron variables ambientales en las cuatro estaciones del a帽o, entre 2007 y 2008. Se registr贸 un total de 25 taxones pertenecientes a cuatro subfamilias. Los quiron贸midos bent贸nicos constituyeron el 19% de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados, mientras que en deriva representaron el 33%. En el bentos domin贸 Thienemannimyia sp. y en la deriva, Corynoneura sp. De acuerdo con los resultados de ANOVAs de dos v铆as, los mayores valores de riqueza taxon贸mica y densidad bent贸nica se registraron en el periodo de aguas bajas (oto帽o e invierno) y la diversidad de quir贸nomidos bent贸nicos fue mayor en rabi贸n. Por el contrario, para el ensamble de derivantes s贸lo la equitatividad fue diferente entre h谩bitats y entre estaciones. El an谩lisis TWINSPAN mostr贸 una separaci贸n espacio-temporal de las muestras de bentos, mientras que las muestras de deriva se segregaron s贸lo temporalmente lo que sugiere que el transporte aguas abajo de los invertebrados homogeniza la variaci贸n espacial observada en el bentos. La densidad de bentos y deriva vari贸 de manera similar a trav茅s de las estaciones del a帽o y el coeficiente de Jaccard present贸 un alto 铆ndice de similitud entre bentos y deriva (86%). Este trabajo posibilit贸 conocer la din谩mica temporal y espacial de los quiron贸midos bent贸nicos y derivantes en un arroyo serrano. La ampliaci贸n del conocimiento taxon贸mico, biol贸gico y ecol贸gico de Chironomidae posibilitar谩 adecuar e implementar estrategias de manejo y conservaci贸n de los ecosistemas l贸ticos en la regi贸n central de Argentina.Spatio-temporal variation of benthic and drifting Chironomidae (Diptera) in a mountain stream in C贸rdoba, Argentina. Chironomidae is one of the most abundant and diverse families in freshwater ecosystems, however its highly complex systematic has led to its scarce development in many limnological studies. The aim of this study was to analyze benthic and drifting Chironomidae assemblages in a mountain stream of central Argentina assessing abundance, diversity and taxa composition in different fluvial habitats and seasons. Quantitative benthic and drift samples were taken in the Achiras stream (C贸rdoba, Argentina) in rifles and runs, and environmental variables were measured in each season between 2007 and 2008. A total of 25 taxa were registered belonging to four subfamilies. Benthic chironomids represented 19% of the macroinvertebrate community, whereas they constituted 33% in drift. Thienemannimyia sp. dominated in benthos and Corynoneura sp. in drift. According to the two-way ANOVAs results, the highest taxonomic richness and benthic density were registered during the low flow period (autumn and winter) and the highest benthic diversity was found in riffles. On the contrary, in the drifting assemblage only evenness was different between habitats and among seasons. TWINSPAN analysis showed a spatio-temporal segregation of benthic samples, whereas drift samples were separated only temporally suggesting that the dislodgment of invertebrates downstream homogenize the spatial variation observed in benthos. Benthic and drift density varied in a similar manner through seasons and Jaccard coefficient showed a high similarity index between benthos and drift (86%). This study allowed knowing the spatio-temporal dynamic of benthic and drifting Chironomidae in a mountain stream. The increase of knowledge in relation to taxonomy, biology and ecology of Chironomidae will allow to adequate and apply management and conservation strategies of lotic ecosystems in the central region of Argentina.Fil: Zanotto Arpellino, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de R铆o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoqu铆micas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Principe, Romina Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de R铆o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoqu铆micas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Oberto, Ana M.. Universidad Nacional de R铆o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoqu铆micas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Gualdoni, Cristina M.. Universidad Nacional de R铆o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoqu铆micas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentin
Length-biomass relationships in benthic macroinvertebrates of a mountain stream of the south of C贸rdoba, Argentina
Los m茅todos m谩s utilizados para la determinaci贸n indirecta de la biomasa de invertebrados se basan en ecuaciones matem谩ticas que relacionan dimensiones lineales del cuerpo y el peso del organismo. Sin embargo, estas relaciones presentan variaciones que dependen de las condiciones bi贸ticas y fisicoqu铆micas de cada ambiente particular. El prop贸sito de este estudio fue determinar las ecuaciones que permitan estimar la relaci贸n entre la talla y el peso de macroinvertebrados bent贸nicos del arroyo Achiras, situado en el sudoeste de la provincia de C贸rdoba (Argentina). El bentos se colect贸 mediante redes de Surber, con una frecuencia estacional (oto帽o, invierno, primavera y verano) entre 2006 y 2007. Se midi贸 la longitud corporal y se registr贸 el peso seco de organismos de los grupos taxon贸micos m谩s representados y se calcularon las ecuaciones de regresi贸n que mejor explicaran la relaci贸n entre ambas variables. Se evaluaron tres modelos, lineal, potencial y exponencial, y se seleccion贸 la expresi贸n que asociara mejor las variables. Se estimaron ecuaciones para 24 taxones de macroinvertebrados (tres especies, 12 g茅neros, tres subfamilias, cuatro familias y dos 贸rdenes). La mayor铆a de las regresiones fueron altamente significativas y explicaron una gran proporci贸n de la variaci贸n del peso seco. Las ecuaciones estimadas sugieren que para la mayor铆a de los macroinvertebrados bent贸nicos del arroyo Achiras, la relaci贸n entre talla y biomasa es alom茅trica y puede ser explicada por un modelo potencial o exponencial, mientras que, solo para cuatro taxones la regresi贸n lineal simple ajust贸 mejor los valores de longitud y peso corporal. Los modelos de regresi贸n aplicados a grupos con menor nivel taxon贸mico (familia y g茅nero) explicaron una mayor proporci贸n de la variaci贸n del peso, respecto a las regresiones al nivel de orden. Adem谩s se estimaron dos ecuaciones generales que se ajustaron al modelo potencial. En la mayor铆a de los grupos taxon贸micos analizados el valor de la pendiente fue menor a tres y el coeficiente de determinaci贸n promedio fue de 0.77. Ambos par谩metros se ubican dentro del rango de variaci贸n de los resultados publicados para la fauna bent贸nica de otros ambientes l贸ticos.The methods used for indirect determination of invertebrates biomass are based on mathematical equations that relate body linear dimensions and weight of the organism. However, these relationships depend on biotic and physicochemical conditions of each particular environment. The aim of this study was to determine the equations to estimate the relationship between lenght and weight of benthic macroinvertebrate of Achiras stream, located in the southwest of C贸rdoba province (Argentina). The benthos was collected with Surber nets, with a seasonal occurrence (fall, winter, spring and summer), between 2006 and 2007. Body length and dry weight for the specimens of the more represented taxonomic groups were registered and the regression equations that best explain the relationship between the two variables were calculated. We evaluated three models, simple linear, potential and exponential, and we selected the better expression that associate the variables. Equations were estimated for 24 macroinvertebrates taxa (three species, 12 genera, three subfamilies, four families and two orders). Most regressions were highly significant and explain a large proportion of the variation of the dry weight. The estimated equations suggest that for most of the benthic macroinvertebrates of Achiras stream, the relationship between length and biomass is alometric and can be explained by a power or exponential model, while only for four taxa simple linear regression best fit length and body weight values. Regression models applied to lower level taxonomic groups (family and genus) explained a greater proportion of the variation in weight, with regard to the order level regressions. In addition two general equations were estimated following the power model. In most analyzed taxa the value of the slope was less than three, and the average determination coefficient found in our study was 0.77, which coincide with the variation range of the published results for benthic fauna of other lotic environments
Calidad ambiental en un r铆o urbano de llanura
Environmental quality in a lowland urban river. Ecological integrity or health of a river is evaluated not only by the physical chemical and biological characteristics in the fluvial channel but also by the state of the riparian systems. Attributes of the benthic communities and the riparian areas are integrated to the chemical macroindicators. The objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental quality of the Chocancharava river plain reach in the urban sector and surroundings of R铆o Cuarto city. Three study sites were selected: in pre-urban, urban and post-urban reaches. Sampling and field data collections were made in two different hydrological periods: winter and summer. Physical and chemical data were registered and benthos samples were taken from transects across different habitats with a Hess sampler. Multimetric indices from structural attributes such as richness, composition and tolerance/intolerance were calculated. The riparian forest quality (RFQ) was evaluated. The obtained score enabled to describe the ecological status. The physical and chemical indicators showed good water quality and the multimetric indices determined a low impaired biological quality. The application of RFQ index showed an extreme degradation of the riparian system quality. The combination of the indices determined a bad ecological status. The results of this study contribute to corroborate that the Chocancharava river, in the urban sector and its surroundings, presents environmental deterioration, and that remediation and improvement measures are necessary.Environmental quality in a lowland urban river. Ecological integrity or health of a river is evaluated not only by the physical chemical and biological characteristics in the fluvial channel but also by the state of the riparian systems. Attributes of the benthic communities and the riparian areas are integrated to the chemical macroindicators. The objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental quality of the Chocancharava river plain reach in the urban sector and surroundings of R铆o Cuarto city. Three study sites were selected: in pre-urban, urban and post-urban reaches. Sampling and field data collections were made in two different hydrological periods: winter and summer. Physical and chemical data were registered and benthos samples were taken from transects across different habitats with a Hess sampler. Multimetric indices from structural attributes such as richness, composition and tolerance/intolerance were calculated. The riparian forest quality (RFQ) was evaluated. The obtained score enabled to describe the ecological status. The physical and chemical indicators showed good water quality and the multimetric indices determined a low impaired biological quality. The application of RFQ index showed an extreme degradation of the riparian system quality. The combination of the indices determined a bad ecological status. The results of this study contribute to corroborate that the Chocancharava river, in the urban sector and its surroundings, presents environmental deterioration, and that remediation and improvement measures are necessary
Atributos estructurales de la deriva de invertebrados en el r铆o Chocancharava, C贸rdoba, Argentina
Se estudi贸 la estructura y composici贸n de la deriva de invertebrados en un tramo anastomosado de llanura, con el fin de analizar si existen diferencias diurnas y nocturnas, espaciales y estacionales, y determinar el origen de los organismos derivantes. Los componentes de la deriva pertenecen a diferentes comunidades del r铆o: marginales, bent贸nicas eupot谩micas y remotas. Las especies eupot谩micas demostraron un ritmo estacional, principalmente la poblaci贸n dominante, Paracloeodes sp, caracter铆stica de fondos de arena m贸vil. Durante las derivas catastr贸ficas se observaron altas densidades y organismos del tientos remoto. El cambio estacional dependi贸 del momento de la toma de muestras: antes, durante o despu茅s de lluvias importantes, por lo que no se determin贸 una asociaci贸n con esta variable en una sola direcci贸n. La deriva constante fue menos abundante despu茅s de las crecientes causadas por las lluvias acumuladas en la estaci贸n de primavera -verano.Invertebrate drift of lowland, mediun order river habitats was investigated to determine diurnal, spatial, and seasonal patterns of its structure and composition, and identify drifting organisms according to their original habitat. Drifting organisms came from diverse stream communites: marginal, eupotamic benthos, and remote ones. However, seasonal or circadian rhythms were exhibited by eupotamic species, particularly by the dominant population, Paracloeodes sp, Which occupies unstable beds. High densities and remote benthos specimens were observed in catastrophic drifts. Seasonal changes depended on whether samples were collected before, during, or after important rains. As a result, a uniform association with this variable was not detected. Constant drift, particularly after scouring floods caused by spring and summer rains, was less abundant
El bentos y su fracci贸n derivante: Composici贸n y estructura en un arroyo regulado (Achiras, C贸rdoba)
Flow regulation modifies the physico-chemical conditions of the fluvial system and consequently its biota. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition and structure of benthic and drift, upstream and downstream of the Achiras dam before and after construction. Sampling of benthos (Surber nets, 0.09 m2 and 300 渭) and drift (nets 1 m long, 300 渭 and 0.0192 m2) were performed in high water and low water periods. The organisms were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and benthic Feeding Functional Groups were identified. Density, taxonomic richness, Shannon diversity and evenness for benthos and drift were calculated. Data were compared by three-way ANOVAs. The structure of both assemblages varied spatially and temporally. Benthic community showed a total of 110 taxa, corresponding to 8 phyla, while drift assemblage 55 taxa corresponding to 6 phyla. In both assemblages, the phylum Arthropoda was the most abundant. In the site below the dam and in the post- construction period, the benthos richness was greater, while drift evenness exhibited the highest value at the site below the dam during low water period. The filtering collectors and scrapers showed significant differences between year, site and hydrological period. The chironomids Tanytarsus sp. and Rheotanytarsus sp. were the most abundant among collectors while filtering Camelobaetidius penai andStenophysa sp. among the scrapers. Data obtained in this study show that both data of benthic structure and its drifting fraction as the GFA data would indicate no significant changes attributable to dam effect. Longer studies would be required since in regulated systems most ecological changes happen more slowly than observed immediately.La regulaci贸n del flujo modifica las condiciones f铆sico-qu铆micas del sistema fluvial y, en consecuencia, su biota. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la composici贸n y la estructura del bentos y la deriva, aguas arriba y aguas abajo de la presa de Achiras antes y despu茅s de la construcci贸n. Se muestreo el bentos (redes Surber, 0.09 m2 y 300 渭) y la deriva (redes de 1 m de largo, 300 渭 y 0.0192 m2) en periodos de agua alta y baja. Los organismos se identificaron al nivel taxon贸mico m谩s bajo posible y se identificaron los Grupos Funcionales de Alimentaci贸n del bentos. Se calcularon la densidad, la riqueza taxon贸mica, la diversidad de Shannon y la uniformidad para el bentos y la deriva. Los datos se compararon mediante ANOVA de tres v铆as. La estructura de ambos conjuntos vari贸 espacial y temporalmente. La comunidad bent贸nica mostr贸 un total de 110 taxones, que corresponden a 8 phyla, mientras que el conjunto de la deriva 55 taxones correspondientes a 6 phyla. En ambos conjuntos, el phylum Arthropoda fue el m谩s abundante. En el sitio aguas abajo de la presa y en el per铆odo posterior a la construcci贸n, la riqueza del bentos fue mayor, mientras que la uniformidad de la deriva exhibi贸 el valor m谩s alto en el sitio aguas abajo de la presa durante el per铆odo de poca agua. Los colectores filtradores y raspadores mostraron diferencias significativas entre el a帽o, el sitio y el per铆odo hidrol贸gico. Los quiron贸midos Tanytarsus sp. y Rheotanytarsus sp. fueron los m谩s abundantes entre los colectores mientras que Camelobaetidius penai y Stenophysa sp. lo fueron entre los raspadores. Los datos obtenidos en este estudio muestran que tanto los datos de la estructura bent贸nica como su fracci贸n de deriva como los datos de GFA no indicar铆an cambios significativos atribuibles al efecto de presa. Se requerir铆an estudios m谩s largos, ya que en los sistemas regulados, la mayor铆a de los cambios ecol贸gicos ocurren m谩s lentamente de lo que se observa de inmediato
EXD2 governs germ stem cell homeostasis and lifespan by promoting mitoribosome integrity and translation
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles critical for meeting the bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs of the cell. Mitochondrial function relies on genes and RNA species encoded both in the nucleus and mitochondria, as well as their coordinated translation, import and respiratory complex assembly. Here we describe the characterization of exonuclease domain like 2 (EXD2), a nuclear encoded gene that we show is targeted to the mitochondria and prevents the aberrant association of mRNAs with the mitochondrial ribosome. The loss of EXD2 resulted in defective mitochondrial translation, impaired respiration, reduced ATP production, increased reactive oxygen species and widespread metabolic abnormalities. Depletion of EXD2/CG6744 in D.melanogaster caused developmental delays and premature female germline stem cell attrition, reduced fecundity and a dramatic extension of lifespan that could be reversed with an anti-oxidant diet. Our results define a conserved role for EXD2 in mitochondrial translation that influences development and aging