Principles of phrasal architecture : category assignment in coordinate structures

This paper considers the possibility that the architectural properties of phrase structure can be derived from general principles rather than merely stated as stipulations. After proposing and illustrating a set of independently motivated principles, I focus my discussion on a series of puzzles associated with the syntax of coordination. The approach adopted here is shown to make two surprising predictions about coordinate structure, the apparent validity of which provides support for the proposed principles and for the general approach to phrase structure that they represent.Este artículo considera la posibilidad de que las propiedades arquitectónicas de la estructura de las frases puedan derivarse de principios generales, y no limitarse a afirmarse como estipulaciones. Tras proponer e ilustrar un conjunto de principios motivados de manera individual, enfoco mi debate en una serie de puzles asociados con la sintaxis de coordinación. El enfoque adoptado aquí se muestra para realizar dos predicciones asombrosas sobre la estructura de las coordinadas, cuya aparente validez proporciona apoyo a los principios propuestos y al enfoque general de la estructura de frases que representan

A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING FARM MACHINERY PURCHASE DECISIONS

This paper presents a model of the farm management process. The model suggests that certain socioeconomic characteristics of farm managers will influence their decision-making process. Several characteristics are hypothesized an tested using multivariate techniques (multivariate analysis of variance, range tests, and multiple comparisons). The analysis indicates that the soil zone, value of machinery inventory, operator's age, and operator's education influence the importance placed on each of 20 factors. On the basis of the analysis it was concluded that such a model of the farm management process can contribute to an understanding of farm management decisions. In addition, it was concluded that farm managers, farm machinery dealers, and extension agents had significantly different perceptions of the importance of these factors to farm managers. This latter conclusion suggests that more research related to the actual process of decision making is warranted.Farm Management,

Toward a linguistically realistic assessment of language vitality: The case of Jejueo

The assessment of language endangerment requires accurate estimates of speaker populations, including information about the proficiency of different groups within those populations. Typically, this information is based on self-assessments, a methodology whose reliability is open to question. We outline an approach that seeks to improve the accuracy of self-assessment by exposing participants to a simple linguistic task before they render their judgments. The viability of the approach is evaluated with the help of a case study involving 81 partial speakers of Jejueo, a critically endangered Koreanic language.National Foreign Language Resource Cente

An Argument for Discontinuous Vp;s in Korean

This paper is concerned with the nature of the syntactic representations which must be assigned to Korean sentences in which a complement of the verb has been 'fronted' (by 'scrambling'). Drawing on facts about the interpretation of the pronminal element ku, it is suggested that the surface structures of such sentences include a discontinuous VP consisting of the verb and its nonadjacent complement. The implications of this for a configurational theory of grammatical relations are discussed

Case in Korean 'Raising Constructions'

This paper deals with the case marking pattern found in the Korean structure exemplified by the sentence John-i Yengmi-lul aphu-tako mit-essta 'John believed Yengmi to be ill'. Based on constraints on the type of embedded verb that can occur in this pattern, it is suggested that the relevant syntactic structure must include a constituent consisting of the matrix verb and aphu-tako. It is then shown that this structure not only predicts the existence of the accusative case suffix on the 'subject' argument of the embedded verb, but that it is also compatible with a variety of subtle semantic contrasts that distinguish it from a related construction in which Yengmi bears the nominative case

AGAINST THE CASE TIER : EVIDENCE FROM KOREAN

This paper deals with the nature of the morphological case conventions in Korean. A recent proposal concerning case marking in transformational grammar is outlined and then applied to Korean. A number of difficulties are noted and an alternative view of case marking is put forward based on the claim that case suffixes encode the combinatorial relations into which NPs enter in surface structure

Liminal Matter: Diffuse, Adaptive Environments for a Future Dundas Square

Emerging technologies challenge conventional approaches to the design of contemporary urban public space, both with regard to location and to organisational composition. With the arrival of compact, mobile and real-time wireless connection, entirely new methods and circumstances for communication have developed. The “immaterial” soft systems of physical and digital space are investigated for their potential to become enriched by nascent social and technological conditions. The thesis applies this research as a tool for the re-envisioning of Toronto’s Dundas Square. In its design, the capacity for an embedded, public, and adaptive architectural system to expose the liminal, “invisible” relations that affect the collective environment is explored. The conventional and prevalent understanding that buildings and boundaries are visibly physical, rigid, and primary mitigators of the environment is challenged in favour of a diffuse architecture capable of both sensing existing conditions and calibrating new ones, providing a dynamic sensory framework for relationships between participants and built form. Material and immaterial thresholds are investigated at the scale of the individual and the collective, arriving in two sections of research and design. The Expanded Realms of the Individual first maps the comprehension of dilated physical and energetic boundaries of the human body as a measure of correspondence between other beings, while Synthesis uses this mapping to consider the potential for human relationships in the digital era. Accounting for the various boundaries of sensation in human experience, both built and speculative design work test the possibilities of an adaptive, responsive environment within the public realm. The traditional understanding that architecture serves and that its inhabitants are serviced is placed aside in favour of symbiotic relationships between buildings and bodies. Under these circumstances, exterior and interior delineations are secondary to moments of diffuse spatial circumstances. The typically open, “flexible” design approach to public space is critiqued for its potential to alienate individuals through designing for a designated “average”. The methods and designs contained in this thesis argue for an actively empathetic architecture: a system of instruments and scaffolds that sustain an adaptive learning environment while assisting to forge empathy-driven relationships between architecture and its inhabitants – in other words, an architecture that actively associates itself with the complex narratives and emotions each person experiences daily

Language Acquisition and Language Revitalization

Intergenerational transmission, the ultimate goal of language revitalization efforts, can only be achieved by (re)establishing the conditions under which an imperiled language can be acquired by the community’s children. This paper presents a tutorial survey of several key points relating to language acquisition and maintenance in children, focusing on four matters that are of direct relevance to work on language revitalization.National Foreign Language Resource Cente

Polytene chromosomes as indicators of phylogeny in several species groups of Drosophila

BACKGROUND: Polytene chromosome banding patterns have long been used by Drosophila evolutionists to infer degree of relatedness among taxa. Recently, nucleotide sequences have preempted this traditional method. We place the classical Drosophila evolutionary biology tools of polytene chromosome inversion analysis in a phylogenetic context and assess their utility in comparison to nucleotide sequences. RESULTS: A simultaneous analysis framework was used to examine the congruence of the chromosomal inversion data with more recent DNA sequence data in four Drosophila species groups – the melanogaster, virilis, repleta, and picture wing. Inversions and nucleotides were highly congruent with one another based on incongruence length difference and partitioned Bremer support values. Inversion phylogenies were less resolved because of fewer numbers of characters. Partitioned Bremer supports, corrected for the number of characters in each matrix, were higher for inversion matrices. CONCLUSIONS: Polytene chromosome data are highly congruent with DNA sequence data and, when placed in a simultaneous analysis framework, are shown to be more information rich than nucleotide data

NT1-002

These PowerPoint files help you conduct an elicited production task (picture description task) of subject and object relative clauses. The experiment uses the same set of pictures as NT1-001.pdf, but it additionally includes timed animation and audio files. You are allowed to modify the audio prompts and pictures to match your needs (e.g., cultural appropriateness). However, if you use this material, please cite the following reference: Tanaka, Nozomi, William O’Grady, Kamil Deen, Chae-Eun Kim, Ryoko Hattori, Ivan Paul M. Bondoc, and Jennifer U. Soriano. (2016). “Relative clause elicited production task.” Nozomi Tanaka Collection. Kaipuleohone: http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/4250. Type: language description. Media: image, audio. Access: public. Resource ID: NT1-002. (Accessed Date). If you have any question/request, please feel free to contact Nozomi Tanaka at [email protected]