Deterioration rate of renewable polyurethanes composites prior to ultra violet irradiation exposure

Polyurethanes (PU's) made from renewable and sustainable materials are one of the most important groups of polymers because of their versatility with wide range of grades, densities and stiffness. In this project, polymers based on renewable materials such as rapeseed (RS) and sunflower oil (SF) were synthesized and cross-linked to form polyurethanes. The effect of prolonged exposure up to 1000 h upon UVB light, in general promotes photodegradation for both RS and SF-based polyurethanes, both neat and also composites loaded with TiO2. The addition of 10% Degussa P25 TiO2 pigment, gives the greater degradation while PUs loaded with 5% Kronos 2220 show the slowest rates of degradation due to the effect of the coating of this pigment. The photostabiliser Tinuvin 770 offers high protection from UVB, thus lead the combination of Tinuvin 770 with Degussa P25 promotes the highest protection from UVB exposure. Moreover, addition of Tinuvin 770 at the stage of preparation of the PUs also greatly reduced the undesirable yellow colouration prevalent during PU synthesis

Segmented phase of ultraviolet (UV) curable thermoset polyurethanes-graphite (TPU-G) composites

Segmented thermoset polymeric materials properties mainly classified through its carbonyl hydrogen bonding. The addition of graphite particle loading in polymeric materials tailored the functional characteristic of the composites. Therefore, the carbonyl hydrogen bonding in the hard segments of the synthesized segmented ultraviolet (UV) curable thermoset polyurethanes-graphite (TPU-G) composites was identified. This composites based green polymer incorporated with varying graphite particles loading were prepared through slip casting method which cure upon UV light. These result in an enhancement of the carbonyl hydrogen bonding which tribute to degree of phase separation (DPS %) in the TPU-G composites ranged from 10-20%, as compared to that in the pure TPU. In addition, the spectroscopy detects the formation of carbonyl hydrogen groups within the TPU-G composites although they are prone to chain scission and undergo photo oxidation subjected to ultraviolet (UV) curing. Upon UV curing, higher graphite weight loading (TPU-G20, TPU-G25 and TPU-G30 composites), shows higher and stable DPS% value, attribute to soft segment- soft segment and hard segment- hard segment establishment. Therefore, the graphite particles dominantly absorb the incident radiation instead of thermoset polyurethane without changing its based

Malaysian and Indonesian Learners: They Are Judges of How They Learn English Most Effectively in and Out of Classrooms

The position of English is that of a Second Language in Malaysia and a Foreign Language in Indonesia. But the objective is the same that is to enable the learners to communicate effectively and efficiently in social and professional situations. Learners' beliefs and learners' strategies are also part of the learning processes. Strategies are ways of managing the complex information that the learners are receiving about the target language. This study aims to find out (i) the learners' beliefs on the importance of English (ii) what the learners will do (strategies) to manage their own learning. 100 respondents participated in the study. They responded to open ended questions. The results show that there are similarities and differences in the ways the Malaysian and Indonesian learners perceived the importance of English. They also have similarities and differences in their strategies to manage their own learning to achieve their goals. As a conclusion, even though the two countries adopted different language policy, the learners of English as a Second and Foreign Language have their own enthusiasms and they make judgements about how to learn the language effectively and they have the awareness of what language learning is like

Penggunaan Media Charta Dan LKS Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa Kelas VIIIC SMPN 1 Tolitoli Materi Struktur Dan Fungsi Tubuh Tumbuhan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar konsep biologi tentang struktur dan fungsi tubuh tumbuhan dengan menggunakan media charta dan LKS. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini terdiri atas dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari 5 tahapan, yaitu : perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, refleksi dan revisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 1 Tolitoli. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil pengamatan dan hasil test ulangan harian proses pembelajaran. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I sebesar 71,88% dan pada siklus II sebesar 81,25%. Dengan demikian, pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media charta dan LKS dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII C di SMP Negeri 1 Tolitoli sehingga pemebelajaran ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif pembelajaran biologi

Identifying prognostic indicators for electrical treeing in solid insulation through pulse sequence analysis

Predictive maintenance attempts to evaluate the condition of equipment and predict the future trend of the equipment's aging, in order to reduce costs when compared to the two traditional approaches: corrective and preventive maintenance. This prediction requires an accurate prognostic model of aging. In solid insulation, the ultimate goal of prognostics is to predict the advent of failure, i.e., insulation breakdown, in terms of remaining useful life (RUL). One fault is electrical treeing, which is progressive thus leading to potentially catastrophic failure. Research has shown that diagnosis of faults can be achieved based on partial discharge (PD) monitoring [1], i.e., phase-resolved and pulse sequence analysis (PSA). This work will explore the extension of this concept towards predicting evolution of the defect: moving beyond diagnostics towards prognostics. To do this, there is a need for further investigation of prognostic features within PD characteristics leading up to breakdown. In this work, a needle-plane test arrangement was set up using a hypodermic needle and pre-formed silicone rubber as test samples. The visual observations and tree growth measurements were made using a digital microscope. PD data was captured using a radio frequency (RF) sensor and analysed using PSA. The main idea of the PSA approach is the strong relationship between two consecutive pulses caused by PD activities, which can give an understanding of the local degradation processes [1]. As for electrical treeing, a breakdown indicator in PSA is the appearance of heavily clustered data points that lie diagonally in scatter plots of the differential ratio of voltage and time of consecutive charges (Un = Δun/Δtn) [2,3]. Figure 1 shows an example of a plot that changed to a diagonal line after 14 hours of aging time. This paper investigates the formation of the diagonal line based on the distribution of the plot from the start of electrical treeing until breakdown occurs. Finally, statistical features of the PSA plot are given and will be used for lifetime prediction of insulation samples in future work

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Plasma untuk Meningkatkan Kadar Nitrogen dan Protein Pellet Pakan Sapi dari Limbah Tanaman Jagung

Research has been done on the levels of plasma radiation influence elements of nitrogen and protein samples of cow feed pellets from waste corn plant. Plasma being used in this study are positive corona plasma, which are generated using high voltage direct current (DC) with multiple point to plane electrode configuration, where the distance between the electrodes of 2.5 cm.On the research of this variable are used i.e. with voltage variations of quantity (3-9.5) kV, where the samples without treatment used as controls. Plasma reactor used in the research of electrode of multi point to plane, in which the electrodes point is connected to the positive electrode. Distance between electrodes of 2.5 cm.High electrical field strength around the electrodes can ionize the gas molecules of nitrogen around the active electrode. Ions of nitrogen is depositioning to the sample, so would the levels of nitrogen. Voltage variations can affect the amount of ions formed thereby affecting the levels of nitrogen samples. From this research conclusion effective voltage plasma radiation occurs at voltage 4 kV with levels of nitrogen 1.169% or the equivalent of 7.30% protein. These results meet minimum standards of proteins, suggested by Parakkasi (1999) of 7%

ANDIE’S AMBITION TO BE A BREAK DANCER REFLECTED IN STEP UP 2 THE STREET MOVIE (2008) DIRECTED BY JON M. CHU: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH

The movie is set in Baltimore, Maryland. It follows Andie West (Briana Evigan) as she pursues her big dream of becoming a street dancer. Her mother died of cancer when Andie was 16; she now lives with her mother's best friend, Sarah (her guardian), but in reality, Andie feels like she does not belong anywhere. Although she is doing badly at school, it is her dream for dancing that brings something special into her life. She trains with her dance crew, the "410" (pronounced four-one-oh, as in the area code for Baltimore), to keep the title of the illegal competition, 'The Streets.' Sarah is aware of the crime and harassment by the 410 and threatens to send Andie to live with her aunt in Texas if she doesn't change. Tyler (Channing Tatum) meets her at the dance club, The Dragon. Tyler tries to persuade her to audition for the Maryland School of the Arts (MSA), where Andie has to compete for a place, thinking it will help her life as it did his. Tyler decides to battle her for it. Tyler wins the battle and the two head back to Andie's house where Tyler asks Sarah to let her join MSA. Sarah eventually agrees, and Tyler leaves Andie to audition at MSA while he goes on tour with Nora. Chase Collins (Robert Hoffman) persuades the school director (his brother) Blake (Will Kemp) to recruit Andie after seeing her audition. When Andie's studies come before the crew, the members are angry and decide to kick her out. Andie and Chase form a new crew with help from many people Chase knows at the school, all of not accepted as who they are, including Andie's new friend Moose (Adam G. Sevani). Chase has a copied key to the studio and the crew secretly practices their routine late at night when the school is empty. They perform at the local dance club, but are rejected and kicked out. Andie's friend Missy Serrano (Danielle Polanco) joins the crew after going out of the 410 following the event, as she is disgusted by the crowd's reaction. Missy tells the crew that the only way to enter The Streets is to first pull a prank and post it on the Internet to show that the crew is entering the competition. Wanting revenge for being humiliated before, Chase decides that their prank will be to make a fool out of Tuck, the leader of the 410. The crew goes to a family barbecue at Missy's house, Sophie (MSA student who happens to have a crush on Chase) (Cassie Ventura), tags along. She begins to develop a crush on Moose after salsa dancing with him. The 410 doesn't like the fact that they have a new crew to compete with so they warn Andie's group to stay out of The Streets or there will be consequences. When Tuck finds Chase, he assaults him for his prank and warns him to stay away from The Streets and Andie. Chase comes into school the next day badly bruised and hurt. On top of that, the dance studio has been trashed by the 410 the previous night. Director Collins decides that he will not allow anyone from the school to be involved in illegal competitions. He then decides to expel Andie from MSA because of her involvement with the Streets competition after a tip-off from Sophie. When asked if there were any other students involved, Andie does not tell him about her crew. When Sarah hears the news of Andie's expulsion, Andie tries to explain, but Sarah refuses to listen, telling her that she has had enough of her behavior and that Andie now must go to live with her aunt in Texas. Just when Andie is packing her bags to leave, she receives a text message from Missy that The Streets is on that night - the same night as the MSA fundraiser. Along with Andie, her whole crew gets the text message. They decide to ditch the MSA fundraiser (except for Moose) and instead compete in The Streets. Sarah hears about what Andie did to protect her crew and is proud of her. She allows Andie to compete at The Streets with her crew. Chase also leaves the fundraiser hoping to win back Andie. When Collins notices that his students are gone, he questions Sophie. Moose tells him that he is in the crew and where they are which Moose took both Collins and Sophie to the place, they are timely for the crew's performance. The director, Blake, sees them and realizes that The Streets he was hearing and thinking about, is in fact a legitimate form of artistic expression. He accepts Andie into MSA again and tells Moose that he might be in the wrong department, suggesting that he wants Moose to come to MSA when he is able to. To Moose's surprise, he gets kissed by Sophie. With Andie's crew being supportive friends and her education now secured, the film finds its optimistic ending - a passionate kiss between Andie and Chase