Examining The Relationship Between Innovation Orientation And Its Enablers Among Undergraduate Students In Malaysian Higher Education Institutions

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara orientasi inovasi dan faktor-faktor penyumbangnya dalam kalangan pelajar sarjana muda di institusi pengajian tinggi di Malaysia. Hipotesis bagi perhubungan ini berdasarkan Teori Komponen Kreativiti dan Inovasi. Penyumbang kepada orientasi inovasi ialah kreativiti, motivasi inovasi, orientasi keusahawanan, dan efikasi-kendiri keusahawanan. Model ini diuji menggunakan teknik Pemodelan Persamaan Struktural. Kajian ini turut menguji kesan jantina sebagai moderator terhadap model struktural untuk mengesahkan Teori Kemalaran Jantina. Teknik Perbandingan Pelbagai Kumpulan telah digunakan. Kajian ini juga menguji kesan efikasi-kendiri keusahawanan sebagai mediator terhadap kreativiti, orientasi keusahawanan dan motivasi inovasi dalam membentuk orientasi inovasi. Pendekatan Causal-Steps dan Bootstrapping telah digunakan untuk menguji kesan tidak langsung mediator ini. Keseluruhan kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian bukan-eksperimen dan melibatkan seramai 2,507 mahasiswa. This research aimed to examine the relationships between innovation orientation and its enablers among undergraduates in Malaysian higher education institutions. The hypothesized relationship is based on the Theory of Componential Creativity and Innovation. The innovation orientation enablers are creativity, innovation motivation, entrepreneurial orientation, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The model was examined using Structural Equation Modeling technique. The research also examined the moderating effects of gender on the structural model to confirm the Gender Constant Theory. A Multiple Group Model Comparison Technique was adopted. The research also examined the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in mediating creativity, entrepreneurial orientation and innovation motivation in developing innovation orientation. The Causal-Steps and Bootstrapping approach were adopted to test the significance of the indirect effects. A non-experimental research design was employed in the research and 2,507 undergraduates were sampled

Microfinancing Influence on Micro-Entrepreneurs Business Growth: Mediating Role of Psychological and Social Capital

This paper is set out to uncover the phenomena of micro-enterprises business growth by hypothesizing microfinancing, social and psychological capital as factors. This research is important due to the fact that the paucity of information on how microfinancing, social and psychological capital relate to micro-enterprises business growth would obscure the ways in which they survive. In Malaysia, microfinance is used as one of the tools to alleviate poverty, as well as to improve the livelihood and standards of living of the poor and those who are financially excluded.  However, almost three decades after the introduction of microfinancing programmes, the performance of microfinancing recipients’ i.e. micro-enterprises in Malaysia is not satisfactory. Besides providing loans to these micro-entrepreneurs, other aspects of facilitation, including the inculcation of the entrepreneur’s intangible resources, need to be addressed. Therefore, this research examines the mediating effect of micro-entrepreneurs’ psychological and social capital on the relationship between microfinance provisions and the business growth of micro-enterprises. The samples are identified from two microfinance providers, i.e., Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) and the National Entrepreneur Group Economic Fund (TEKUN) micro credit financing scheme recipients’ databases. A total of 250 useable survey questionnaires was collected and analysed to test the hypothesised relationship. The data was analysed using Partial Least Square-SEM and the structural model was examined to test the hypotheses. The findings show that micro-entrepreneurs’ psychological and social capital have a significant mediating effects on the relationship between provision of microfinance and the business growth of micro-enterprises in Kelantan. This research offers the practical implication that the effects of micro finance provision on the business growth of micro-enterprises are better exerted through micro-entrepreneurs’ psychological and social capital. This theoretically supports the applicability of the Resource-based View (RBV) theory to explain the mediating effect of psychological and social capital on the relationship between microfinance provisions and business growth. Research paper Keywords: Micro-enterprise, Business growth, Psychological capital, Social capital, Mediation, Microfinance institutions Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Nordin, N., Siti-Nabiha, A.K., & Kamalia, Z. (2019). Microfinancing Influence on Micro-Entrepreneurs Business Growth: Mediating Role of Psychological and Social Capital, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 7(2), 130–161

Social Network Analysis to Examine the Effectiveness of e-PBL with Design Thinking to Foster Collaboration: Comparisons between High and Low Self-regulated Learners

In TVET teaching and learning, learners’ collaboration is important to ensure learning effectiveness. However, employing either design thinking or online problem-based learning would not lead to fruitarian. Hence, to devise teaching and learning that employs design thinking (DT) and online problem-based learning (ePBL) pedagogies used in tandem with social media learning environment in Facebook are hypothesized to improve TVET learner’s collaboration. By adopting the Social Constructivism learning theory that social interaction fosters collaborative learning and build learners’ knowledge and understanding, this study is commenced. Social interaction that fosters learners’ collaboration is moderated by type of learners’ self-regulation (SR) towards learning. Previous research hypothesized that ePBL alone only worked effectively for high self-regulated learners. The learning outcome inequity present due to the pedagogy limitation. This research devises ePBL with DT as a combination of pedagogies that benefits the low SR learners as well. To monitor collaborative learning occurrences, network ties via social media footprints of individual TVET learners is tracked from the learners’ Facebook group. The effectiveness of treatments is monitored using social network analysis i.e. graph theory and centrality concept employing NodeXL software. Samples of 142 TVET pre-service teachers that currently enroll in Design and Technology course at Teachers’ Training Institutes in Malaysia participated in this study. The samples are intact group and classified into high-SR learners and low-SR learners. Social network analysis using Vertices index, Geodesic distance and graph visualization findings show that ePBL with DT works in fostering learning collaboration for both high-SR and low-SR learners. This implies that national e-learning policy and ePBL embeddedness into technical subject is promising, regardless of the type of learners provided that DT is incorporated into the pedagogy

Bibliometric Analysis of Publication Trends in Family Firms’ Social Capital in Emerging Economies

There is a wide collection of journal articles and academic discourse on family firms’ social capital. However, the focus on the comprehensive synthesis of the collections is limited. The lack of efforts to synthesize the issue of family firms’ social capital focuses on emerging economies further limiting the utility of the literature. Despite the various differences between family firms in developed and emerging economies; no attempt was undertaken to separate the different insights and issues between the two different contexts. Thus, this article focusing on emerging economies is an attempt to bridge this gap in the literature. Consequently, to provide a review on researches that focus on family firm’s social capital in emerging economies. Bibliometric analysis is used to provide quantitative insights. The qualitative insights are generated from a systematic literature review. Journal articles are retrieved as data to achieve these objectives. The time frame of literature extraction is from 1960 to the year 2018. Data is extracted from WOS and Scopus indexed database yielding 288 documents. After manual scrutinizing the content, only 31 (10.8%) of the cited literature is on the family firm social capital related issue. The paper finds that there is an increasing trend in the number of family firms’ social capital study in the context of the emerging economies. The highly cited articles are published by Deephouse and Jaskiewicz (2013) in the Journal of Management Studies with 179 citations, and Khavul et al. (2009) in the Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice with 140 citations. The findings provide a collection of evidence about the focus, variables, and theories used from credible sources of the family firms’ social capital studies

Bibliometric Analysis of Publication Trends in Family Firms’ Social Capital in Emerging Economies

There is a wide collection of journal articles and academic discourse on family firms’ social capital. However, the focus on the comprehensive synthesis of the collections is limited. The lack of efforts to synthesize the issue of family firms’ social capital focuses on emerging economies further limiting the utility of the literature. Despite the various differences between family firms in developed and emerging economies; no attempt was undertaken to separate the different insights and issues between the two different contexts. Thus, this article focusing on emerging economies is an attempt to bridge this gap in the literature. Consequently, to provide a review on researches that focus on family firm’s social capital in emerging economies. Bibliometric analysis is used to provide quantitative insights. The qualitative insights are generated from a systematic literature review. Journal articles are retrieved as data to achieve these objectives. The time frame of literature extraction is from 1960 to the year 2018. Data is extracted from WOS and Scopus indexed database yielding 288 documents. After manual scrutinizing the content, only 31 (10.8%) of the cited literature is on the family firm social capital related issue. The paper finds that there is an increasing trend in the number of family firms’ social capital study in the context of the emerging economies. The highly cited articles are published by Deephouse and Jaskiewicz (2013) in the Journal of Management Studies with 179 citations, and Khavul et al. (2009) in the Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice with 140 citations. The findings provide a collection of evidence about the focus, variables, and theories used from credible sources of the family firms’ social capital studies

Internationalisation Factors - Competency, Commitment and Coordination: A Study on Women-Owned SMEs

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of competency on internationalisation orientation through the mediation of commitment to learning and coordination. This study also examines the moderation effect of length of business in international new ventures (INVs) on the model. This research focused on INVs belongs to women SMEs in Malaysia. Length of business since inception is hypothesised to interact with commitment and coordination, and thus leads to stronger effect on internationalisation orientation. Quantitative research employing a cross-sectional survey is the method chosen for the research design. These hypothesised relationships are tested using mediation effect test whereas, moderation effect test performed using product indicator approach employing Partial Least Squares-SEM technique. Survey data collected from 154 owned by women entrepreneurs. The samples selected based on directories of exporters in Malaysia employing purposive sampling. The research found commitment to learning and coordination are significant mediators transmitting the effect of competency towards internationalization orientation. The moderation effect of length of a business, also found to be significantly strengthens the effect from coordination towards internationalisation orientation, and strengthen the effect of commitment towards internationalization orientation. Research paper Keywords: Women, Internationalisation, Competency, Commitment, Coordination, Small medium-sized enterprise, Women Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Nordin, N., Siti-Nabiha, A. K., & Mohd Noordin, N. F. (2022). Internationalisation Factors - Competency, Commitment and Coordination: A Study on Women-Owned SMEs. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 10(2S1), 216–255.    &nbsp

Internationalisation Factors - Competency, Commitment and Coordination: A Study on Women-Owned SMEs

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of competency on internationalisation orientation through the mediation of commitment to learning and coordination. This study also examines the moderation effect of length of business in international new ventures (INVs) on the model. This research focused on INVs belongs to women SMEs in Malaysia. Length of business since inception is hypothesised to interact with commitment and coordination, and thus leads to stronger effect on internationalisation orientation. Quantitative research employing a cross-sectional survey is the method chosen for the research design. These hypothesised relationships are tested using mediation effect test whereas, moderation effect test performed using product indicator approach employing Partial Least Squares-SEM technique. Survey data collected from 154 owned by women entrepreneurs. The samples selected based on directories of exporters in Malaysia employing purposive sampling. The research found commitment to learning and coordination are significant mediators transmitting the effect of competency towards internationalization orientation. The moderation effect of length of a business, also found to be significantly strengthens the effect from coordination towards internationalisation orientation, and strengthen the effect of commitment towards internationalization orientation. Research paper Keywords: Women, Internationalisation, Competency, Commitment, Coordination, Small medium-sized enterprise, Women Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Nordin, N., Siti-Nabiha, A. K., & Mohd Noordin, N. F. (2022). Internationalisation Factors - Competency, Commitment and Coordination: A Study on Women-Owned SMEs. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 10(2S1), 216–255.    &nbsp

The effect of computerized-adaptive test on reducing anxiety towards math test for polytechnic students

Although much work has been done on computerized-adaptive test (CAT) in reducing anxiety towards exam, CAT in Malaysian educational setting is less explored among educational researchers. Some of the reason is due to technical difficulty in developing, maintaining the testing bank items, and insufficient hardware facilities for huge number of examinees in Malaysia. Hence, traditional assessment method is preferred to assess students’ performance. However, traditional assessment induced students’ anxiety towards examination. The effect of anxiety towards mathematics examination has deteriorated students’ performance particularly at polytechnics that offers technical-vocational-education-and-training (TVET). Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of CAT in reducing examinees’ anxiety towards mathematics examination in comparison with traditional testing approaches at three polytechnics in northern Malaysia that offered diploma certification in engineering. These three polytechnics were chosen because it is classified as conventional and accessibility of the researchers to these samples. In order to ensure the homogeneity of the samples, students in their first year of study who enrolled in engineering mathematics were chosen. This research used quasi-experimental research method with non-equivalent control group design involving 300 students. Item-response-theory was used to describe examinees’ interaction with the test items. The results show that CAT has reduced examinees’ anxiety towards mathematics test in comparison to those of traditional testing. This study implies that CAT has benefited students in term of reducing their anxiety towards mathematics examination in the case of Malaysian polytechnics students, and has the potential to be adopted in TVET because it improves testing efficiency