Concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase e creatinoquinase e concentrações plasmáticas de lactato em equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador após exercício físico

The aim of this study was evaluate the influence of physical exercise (marcha gait) on serum values of CK and AST and plasmatic values of lactate in Mangalarga Marchador horses trained in Espirito Santo, Brazil. Serum and plasma samples were obtained from 15 horses in four different moments: rest (T0), 5 minutes (T1), 30 minutes (T2) and 2 hours (T3) after the exercise. Lactate analysis revealed values of 1.02 ± 0.41 mmol/L, 2.73 ± 2.43 mmol/L, 1.89 ± 1.24 mmol/L and 1.31 ± 0.60 mmol/L, respectively at T0, T1, T2 and T3. When evaluating AST, the results recorded in T0, T1, T2 and T3 were, respectively, 189.3 ± 56.0 UI/L, 223.9 ± 53.5 UI/L, 186.8 ± 25.8 UI/L and 193.9 ± 44.7 UI/L. Finally, the CK at moments T0, T1, T2 and T3 were, respectively, 113.4 ± 56.3 UI/l, 144.1 ± 70.9 UI/L, 143.0 ± 81.0 UI/L and 173.1 ± 128.0 UI/L. The results showed that marcha gait leaded to significantly increased in plasma lactate and did not alter serum AST and CK, suggesting that the equines used were conditioned to the physical exercised imposed.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do exercício físico (provas de marcha) sobre os valores séricos de AST e CK e valores plasmáticos de lactato em equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador criados no estado do Espírito Santo. Amostras de soro e plasma foram obtidas de 15 equinos em quarto diferentes momentos: repouso (T0) e com 5 minutos (T1), 30 minutos (T2) e 2 horas (T3) após o término do exercício. Foram registrados valores de lactato plasmático de 1,02 ± 0,41 mmol/L, 2,73 ± 2,43 mmol/L, 1,89 ± 1,24 mmol/L e 1,31 ± 0,60 mmol/L, respectivamente nos momentos T0, T1, T2 e T3. Na análise de AST, os resultados registrados nos momentos T0, T1, T2 e T3 foram, respectivamente, de 189,3 ± 56,0 UI/L, 223,9 ± 53,5 UI/L, 186,8 ± 25,8 UI/L e 193,9 ± 44,7 UI/L. Finalmente, os valores séricos de CK foram de 113,4 ± 56,3 UI/l, 144.1 ± 70,9 UI/L, 143,0 ± 81,0 UI/L e 173,1 ± 128,0 UI/L, respectivamente nos momentos T0, T1, T2 and T3. A análise dos resultados demonstrou que a marcha influenciou de forma significativa o lactato plasmático, porém não influenciou a atividade sérica de AST e CK, sugerindo que os equinos usados encontravam-se condicionados ao exercício físico imposto

Associação Ribeirão-pretana de Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência Hospitalar ao Hipertenso- AREPAH: Uma Estratégia para Prevencção e Redução da Morbi-Mortalidade por Doenças Cardiovasculares na Cidade de Ribeirão Preto - SP

The aim of this study was to describe the activities of the AREPAH – Associação Ribeirão-pretana de Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência ao Hipertenso – a non-profit philanthropic entity for aid of hypertensive patients – from October 1996 to March 2010. The activities consisted in 84 open lectures of different useful practical themes being attended by 2,312 participants varying from 20 to 216 people per lecture (average: 63.4). Six editions of an educative periodic were sent to 1259 registered individuals. The AREPAH activities of research generated scientific papers (thesis) being 8 for MS, and 3 for Ph.D. formation; also fifteen papers were published in international journals, seven in national ones, and 66 works were presented in scientific events. In relation to the assistential activities, 24 campaigns of public utility were organized as follows: Prevention and Combat to Arterial Hypertension Day (10 editions); Week of Heart (10 editions); and Cholesterol Control Day (4 editions). These AREPAH events provided the benefit of clinical attendance for 1,785 patients in a clinical ambulatory of Cardiology and Arterial Hypertension (CSE-FMRP-USP). It is believed that associations like AREPAH can contribute in a medium and long-term as an important strategy for prevention and reduction of morbidmortality by cardiovascular diseases, regardless of the government actions on public health.Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever as atividades da Associação Ribeirão-pretana de Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência ao Hipertenso (Arepah) – entidade filantrópica sem fins lucrativos, referentes ao período de outubro de 1996 a março de 2010. As atividades de ensino foram constituídas por 84 palestras dirigidas à população, de diferentes temas de utilidade prática, com a participação de 2.312 pessoas, variando de 20 a 216 (média de 63,4) participantes por sessão. Foram distribuídas gratuitamente seis edições de um jornal educativo a 1.259 indivíduos cadastrados. As atividades de pesquisa resultaram em oito dissertações de mestrado, duas teses de doutorado, um trabalho de Livre Docência, 15 trabalhos publicados em revistas internacionais, sete em revistas nacionais e 66 trabalhos apresentados em congressos. Em relação às atividades assistenciais, foram organizadas 24 campanhas de utilidade pública (dez Dias de Prevenção e Combate à Hipertensão Arterial, dez Semanas do Coração e quatro Dias de Controle do Colesterol), sendo que 1.785 pacientes estiveram em seguimento clínico num ambulatório de referência de Cardiologia e Hipertensão Arterial (CSE-FMRP-USP). Acredita-se que associações como esta possam constituir-se, a médio e longo prazo, numa importante estratégia para prevenção e redução da morbimortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares, independente das ações governamentais nesta área de saúde pública

Advice from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on riot control agents in connection to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Compounds that cause powerful sensory irritation to humans were reviewed by the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in response to requests in 2014 and 2017 by the OPCW Director-General to advise which riot control agents (RCAs) might be subject to declaration under the Chemical Weapons Convention (the Convention). The chemical and toxicological properties of 60 chemicals identified from a survey by the OPCW of RCAs that had been researched or were available for purchase, and additional chemicals recognised by the SAB as having potential RCA applications, were considered. Only 17 of the 60 chemicals met the definition of a RCA under the Convention. These findings were provided to the States Parties of the Convention to inform the implementation of obligations pertaining to RCAs under this international chemical disarmament and non-proliferation treaty.Peer reviewe

249 TP53 mutation has high prevalence and is correlated with larger and poorly differentiated HCC in Brazilian patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ser-249 TP53 mutation (249^Ser) is a molecular evidence for aflatoxin-related carcinogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and it is frequent in some African and Asian regions, but it is unusual in Western countries. HBV has been claimed to add a synergic effect on genesis of this particular mutation with aflatoxin. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of 249^Sermutation in HCC from patients in Brazil.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied 74 HCC formalin fixed paraffin blocks samples of patients whom underwent surgical resection in Brazil. 249^Sermutation was analyzed by RFLP and DNA sequencing. HBV DNA presence was determined by Real-Time PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>249^Sermutation was found in 21/74 (28%) samples while HBV DNA was detected in 13/74 (16%). 249^Sermutation was detected in 21/74 samples by RFLP assay, of which 14 were confirmed by 249^Sermutant-specific PCR, and 12 by nucleic acid sequencing. All HCC cases with p53-249ser mutation displayed also wild-type p53 sequences. Poorly differentiated HCC was more likely to have 249^Sermutation (OR = 2.415, 95% CI = 1.001 – 5.824, p = 0.05). The mean size of 249^SerHCC tumor was 9.4 cm versus 5.5 cm on wild type HCC (p = 0.012). HBV DNA detection was not related to 249^Sermutation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results indicate that 249^Sermutation is a HCC important factor of carcinogenesis in Brazil and it is associated to large and poorly differentiated tumors.</p

Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento de Pacientes com Cardiomiopatia da Doença de Chagas

This guideline aimed to update the concepts and formulate the standards of conduct and scientific evidence that support them, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, with special emphasis on the rationality base that supported it.&nbsp; Chagas disease in the 21st century maintains an epidemiological pattern of endemicity in 21 Latin American countries. Researchers and managers from endemic and non-endemic countries point to the need to adopt comprehensive public health policies to effectively control the interhuman transmission of T. cruzi infection, and to obtain an optimized level of care for already infected individuals, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic opportunistic opportunities. &nbsp; Pathogenic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease were revisited after in-depth updating and the notion that necrosis and fibrosis are stimulated by tissue parasitic persistence and adverse immune reaction, as fundamental mechanisms, assisted by autonomic and microvascular disorders, was well established. Some of them have recently formed potential targets of therapies.&nbsp; The natural history of the acute and chronic phases was reviewed, with enhancement for oral transmission, indeterminate form and chronic syndromes. Recent meta-analyses of observational studies have estimated the risk of evolution from acute and indeterminate forms and mortality after chronic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic approaches applicable to individuals with Indeterminate form of Chagas disease were specifically addressed. All methods to detect structural and/or functional alterations with various cardiac imaging techniques were also reviewed, with recommendations for use in various clinical scenarios. Mortality risk stratification based on the Rassi score, with recent studies of its application, was complemented by methods that detect myocardial fibrosis.&nbsp; The current methodology for etiological diagnosis and the consequent implications of trypanonomic treatment deserved a comprehensive and in-depth approach. Also the treatment of patients at risk or with heart failure, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, based on pharmacological and complementary resources, received special attention. Additional chapters supported the conducts applicable to several special contexts, including t. cruzi/HIV co-infection, risk during surgeries, in pregnant women, in the reactivation of infection after heart transplantation, and others.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Finally, two chapters of great social significance, addressing the structuring of specialized services to care for individuals with the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, and reviewing the concepts of severe heart disease and its medical-labor implications completed this guideline.Esta diretriz teve como objetivo principal atualizar os conceitos e formular as normas de conduta e evidências científicas que as suportam, quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento da CDC, com especial ênfase na base de racionalidade que a embasou. A DC no século XXI mantém padrão epidemiológico de endemicidade em 21 países da América Latina. Investigadores e gestores de países endêmicos e não endêmicos indigitam a necessidade de se adotarem políticas abrangentes, de saúde pública, para controle eficaz da transmissão inter-humanos da infecção pelo T. cruzi, e obter-se nível otimizado de atendimento aos indivíduos já infectados, com foco em oportunização diagnóstica e terapêutica. Mecanismos patogênicos e fisiopatológicos da CDC foram revisitados após atualização aprofundada e ficou bem consolidada a noção de que necrose e fibrose sejam estimuladas pela persistência parasitária tissular e reação imune adversa, como mecanismos fundamentais, coadjuvados por distúrbios autonômicos e microvasculares. Alguns deles recentemente constituíram alvos potenciais de terapêuticas. A história natural das fases aguda e crônica foi revista, com realce para a transmissão oral, a forma indeterminada e as síndromes crônicas. Metanálises recentes de estudos observacionais estimaram o risco de evolução a partir das formas aguda e indeterminada e de mortalidade após instalação da cardiomiopatia crônica. Condutas terapêuticas aplicáveis aos indivíduos com a FIDC foram abordadas especificamente. Todos os métodos para detectar alterações estruturais e/ou funcionais com variadas técnicas de imageamento cardíaco também foram revisados, com recomendações de uso nos vários cenários clínicos. Estratificação de risco de mortalidade fundamentada no escore de Rassi, com estudos recentes de sua aplicação, foi complementada por métodos que detectam fibrose miocárdica. A metodologia atual para diagnóstico etiológico e as consequentes implicações do tratamento tripanossomicida mereceram enfoque abrangente e aprofundado. Também o tratamento de pacientes em risco ou com insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e eventos tromboembólicos, baseado em recursos farmacológicos e complementares, recebeu especial atenção. Capítulos suplementares subsidiaram as condutas aplicáveis a diversos contextos especiais, entre eles o da co-infecção por T. cruzi/HIV, risco durante cirurgias, em grávidas, na reativação da infecção após transplante cardíacos, e outros.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Por fim, dois capítulos de grande significado social, abordando a estruturação de serviços especializados para atendimento aos indivíduos com a CDC, e revisando os conceitos de cardiopatia grave e suas implicações médico-trabalhistas completaram esta diretriz.&nbsp

Inhibitory effect of the essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume leaves on some food-related bacteria Efeito inibitório do óleo essencial das folhas de Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume sobre bactérias de interesse em alimentos

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Lauraceae, has long been known for having many biological properties. This study aimed to identify the constituents of the essential oil from C. zeylanicum leaves using GC-MS and to assess its inhibitory effect on Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on MIC and MBC determination and kill-time study. Eugenol (73.27%) was the most prevalent compound in the essential oil followed by trans-&#946;-cariophyllene (5.38%), linalool (3.31%), and alcohol cinamic acetate (2.53%). The results showed an interesting antibacterial activity of the oil with MIC ranging from 1.25 to 10 µL.mL-1. MBC values were in the range of 20 - 80 µL.mL-1. A concentration of 10 and 40 µL.mL-1 of the essential oil caused a fast and steady decrease in viable cell count (2 to 5 log cycles) of all assayed strains along 24 hours. A concentration of 40 µL.mL-1 of the oil provided a total elimination of the initial inocula of S. aureus after 2 hours. These results show the possibility of regarding the essential oil from C. zeylanicum leaves as alternative sources of antimicrobial compounds to be applied in food conservation systems.<br>Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Lauraceae, é uma espécie vegetal reconhecida, a longo tempo, como possuidora de muitas propriedades biológicas. Este estudo objetivou identificar os constituintes do óleo essencial das folhas de C. zeylanicum, utilizando CG-EM, e avaliar seu efeito inibitório sobre Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa através da determinação da CIM e CBM, bem como através da análise do tempo de morte bacteriana. Eugenol (73,27%) foi o composto mais prevalente no óleo essencial, seguido por trans-&#946;-cariofileno (5,38%), linalol (3,31%) e álcool acetato cinâmico (2,53%). Os resultados mostraram uma interessante atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial com CIM, variando de 1,25 a 10 µL.mL-1. Os valores de CBM oscilaram entre 20 e 80 µL.mL-1. O óleo essencial na concentração de 10 e 40 µL.mL-1 causou uma rápida e constante diminuição (2 a 5 ciclos logarítmicos) na contagem de células viáveis de todas as cepas ensaiadas ao longo de 24 horas. O óleo essencial na concentração de 40 µL.mL-1 causou uma total eliminação do inóculo inicial de S. aureus depois de 2 horas. Estes resultados mostram a possibilidade do uso do óleo essencial extraído das folhas de C. zeylanicum como uma fonte alternativa de compostos antimicrobianos para aplicação em sistemas de conservação de alimentos

Inhibitory effect of the essential oil from Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb leaves on coalho cheese contaminating microorganisms

Coalho cheese (a firm but very lightweight cheese produced in Brazil) is widely produced and consumed in the Brazilian Northeast and its production has been mainly related to small farmers. This food has been frequently characterized as having high microbial load posing a risk for the health of consumers. This study aimed to indentify the chemical compounds of the essential oil from Eugenia caryophyllata leaves; to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the oil against coalho cheese contaminating microorganisms; and to assess its efficacy in inhibiting the autochthonous microflora of the cheese during refrigerated storage. Eugenol (74%) was found to be the most prevalent compound in the essential oil. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Cidal Concentration (MCC) in laboratorial broth were in the range of 2.5-5 and 5-20 µg.mL-1, respectively. Vaccum packed coalho cheese added with 5, 10, and 20 µg.g-1 of oil showed a lower growth rate (like-static effect) against mesophilic bacteria during the time intervals evaluated. On the other hand, 2.5-10 µg.g-1 of oil provided a prominent decrease toward fungi count in cheese samples during storage. These results reveal the interesting antimicrobial property of the essential oil from E. caryophyllata leaves against a range of coalho cheese-related microorganisms in laboratorial media and in food matrix