121 research outputs found
Ochrona biosfery na obszarach Natura 2000
The article presents the main assumptions concerning the functioning of Natura 2000 sites in Europe, with particular emphasis on Polish regulations. These areas of high natural value directly influence the shape of nature conservation and the state of the climate. In this latter context, legal norms and legislators face the challenge of finding such a legal framework to prevent the progressive degradation of the climate. The functioning Natura 2000 sites in Poland as one of the forms of nature protection may be helpful in this respect, provided that the plans of protection tasks are adapted to the changing environmental conditions.W artykule przedstawiono główne założenia dotyczące funkcjonowania obszarów Natura 2000 w Europie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem regulacji polskich. Tereny te, cenne przyrodniczo, bezpośrednio wpływają na kształt ochrony przyrody oraz stan klimatu. W tym ostatnim kontekście przed normami prawnymi i legislatorami stają wyzwania znalezienia takich ram prawnych, aby zapobiec postępującemu degradowaniu klimatu. Funkcjonujące obszary Natura 2000 w Polsce jako jedna z form ochrony przyrody mogą w tym zakresie okazać się pomocne, o ile plany zadań ochronnych zostaną dostosowane do zmieniających się uwarunkowań środowiskowych
Free and open software for applied statistics. A comparison and a case study in biometrics
This article is intended to be a position paper on advantages of free and open software for statistics and its applications to biometrics and biostatistics. Especially, the authors focus on the R package viewed as a new and still insufficiently recognized or received by the scientists, researchers, students, etc. Sample statistical computations and tests in biometrics are presented, and the most common functions and procedures are analysed and compared. Although this is a position paper from the point of view of applied computer science, the authors briefly present some original results within applied statistics (in particular: biometrics) and related computational methods using dedicated software
Higher order fuzzy logic in controlling selective catalytic reduction systems
This paper presents research on applications of fuzzy logic and higher-order fuzzy logic systems to control filters reducing air pollution [1]. The filters use Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) method and, as for now, this process is controlled manually by a human expert. The goal of the research is to control an SCR system responsible for emission of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to the air, using SCR with ammonia (NH3). There are two higher-order fuzzy logic systems presented, applying interval-valued fuzzy sets and type-2 fuzzy sets, respectively. Fuzzy sets and higher order fuzzy sets describe linguistically levels of nitrogen oxides as the input, and settings of ammonia valve in the air filter as the output. The obtained results are consistent with data provided by experts. Besides, we show that the type-2 fuzzy logic controllers allows us to obtain results much closer to desired parameters of the ammonia valve, than traditional FLS
Hierarchical fuzzy logic systems and controlling vehicles in computer games
This paper presents a possible application of fuzzy logic systems to control vehicles in computer games. A new architecture of a fuzzy logic system is here proposed: Hierarchical Fuzzy Controller, that is composed of several fuzzy controllers in their classic meaning. ”Hierarchical” means that fuzzy sets produced as output of one of fuzzy controllers are then processed as input of another fuzzy controller. The use of such a controller significantly enhances the possibilities of computational intelligence methods in singleplayer games, i.e. where the enemy is controlled by an agent simulating real behaviour (movement, decisions, etc.). The proposal of an original architecture of Hierarchical Fuzzy Controller, built with fuzzy controllers (in the sense of Mamdani), and discussing advantages of using this architecture to control military vehicles in a 2D single-player game, in comparison to classic fuzzy controllers, are the main scope of the paper
Effective similarity measures in electronic testing at programming languages
The purpose of this study is to explore the grammatical proper ties and features of generalized n-gram matching technique in electronic test at programming languages. N-gram matching technique has been success fully employed in information handling and decision support system dealing with texts but its side effect is size n which tends to be rather large. Two new methods of odd gram and sumsquare gram have been proposed for the improvement of generalized n-gram matching together with the modification of existing methods. While generalized n-grams matching is easy to generate and manage, they do require quadratic time and space complexity and are therefore ill-suited to the proposed and modified methods which work in quadratic in nature. Experiments have been conducted with the two new methods and modified ones using real life programming code assignments as pattern and text matches and the derived results were compared with the existing methods which are among the best in practice. The results obtained experimentally are very positive and suggested that the proposed methods can be successfully applied in electronic test at programming languages
Efficient Similarity Measures for Texts Matching
Calculation of similarity measures of exact matching texts is a
critical task in the area of pattern matching that needs a great attention.
There are many existing similarity measures in literature but the best methods
do not exist for closeness measurement of two strings. The objective of
this paper is to explore the grammatical properties and features of generalized
n-gram matching technique of similarity measures to find exact text in
electronic computer applications. Three new similarity measures have been
proposed to improve the performance of generalized n-gram method. The
new methods assigned high values of similarity measures and performance
to price with low values of running time. The experiment with the new methods
demonstrated that they are universal and very useful in words that could
be derived from the word list as a group and retrieve relevant medical terms
from database . One of the methods achieved best correlation of values for
the evaluation of subjective examination
Evaluating semantic similarity with a new method of path analysis in RDF using genetic algorithms
This paper presents a novel method of evaluating semantic similarity by means of path analysis in RDF databases. Similarity is calculated by assignining each property (predicate in RDF terms) a weight, which is found using a genetic optimization algorithm. Presented method exhibits an advatage over existing methods, because of its flexibility and the fact that no prior knowledge of a particular database is necessary. This paper also presents an exemplary application of the method - recommendation engine. Proposed method is applied to a well known problem - music recommendation based on DBPedia. Results obtained in the experiment positively verify its advanntages and usefulness
On multi-subjectivity in linguistic summarization of relational databases
We focus on one of the most powerful computing methods for natural-language-driven representation of data, i.e. on Yager’s concept of a linguistic summary of a relational database (1982). In particular, we introduce an original extension of that concept: new forms of linguistic summaries. The new forms are named Multi-Subject linguistic summaries, because they are constructed to handle more than one set of subjects, represented by related sets of records/objects collected in a database, like ”cars, bicycles and motorbikes” (within vehicles), ”male and female” (within people), e.g. More boys than girls play football well. Thanks to that, the generated linguistic summaries
– quasi-natural language sentences – are more interesting and human-oriented. Moreover, they can be applied together with the classic forms od summaries, to enrich naturality of comments/ descriptions generated. Apart from traditional interpretions linguistic summaries in termsof fuzzy logic, we also introduce some higher-order fuzzy logic methods, to extend possibilities of representing too complex or too ill-defined linguistic terms used in generated messages. The new methods are applied to a computer system that generates natural language description of numeric data, that makes them possible to be clearly presented to an end-user
Prośrodowiskowe determinanty polskiej i europejskiej polityki rolnej
The aim of the paper was to identify determinants of Polish agriculture in the light of the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy. A particular attention was given to the aspects of environmental protection in agricultural production. It is also noted the main legal issues arising from the policy of greening, cross-compliance rules, agri-environmental and climatic commitments. It highlighted the existing European and national legal solutions relating to agricultural activities in the areas covered by special forms of nature conservation.W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe determinanty rozwojowe polskiego rolnictwa w świetle reformy Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej. W szczególny sposób zwrócono uwagę na aspekty związane z ochroną środowiska w produkcji rolnej. Zasygnalizowano główne problemy prawne wynikające z polityki zazieleniania, zasad wzajemnej zgodności, zobowiązań rolno-środowiskowo-klimatycznych. Podkreślone zostały istniejące rozwiązania prawne europejskie oraz krajowe, odnoszące się do prowadzenia działalności rolniczej na terenach objętych szczególną formą ochrony przyrody
Intuicjonistyczne relacje rozmyte w przeszukiwaniu domen e-commerce
Poniższy referat prezentuje koncepcją wykorzystania intuicjonistycznych
relacji rozmytych do przeszukiwania domen e-commerce.
Zaprezentowana została miara podobieństwa słów i fragmentów
tekstów, zakorzeniona w teorii zbiorów rozmytych Zadeha [7].
Następnie na dwóch przykładach wyjaśnione zostały korzyść i płynące
z zastosowania nowej miary podobieństwa w handlu elektronicznym.This paper focuses on application of intuitionistic fuzzy relations
applied to services available within the e-commeice domains.
Firstly, concepts for comparison of natural language words and
sentences rooted in the theory of fuzzy sets, and in the concept of
intuitionistic fuzzy relation in particular, are presented. Then, on
two examples of application to the e-commerce domain, the aspect
of the user-friendliness of the approach is demonstrated.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej nauk
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