Nonresidential father perception of father-child relationships: An exploratory analysis of family functioning

Nonresidential father experiences of family life with their children lack attention in the literature. Nonresidential fathers often suffer considerably, as they attempt to continue their parenting role with limited access lime. Consequently, their relationships with their children may suffer, sometimes resulting in visitation ceasing altogether. Father contact is important to the developmental and psychological well-being of children, yet is often hindered by restricted access, distance, parental conflict and the father\u27s emotional state. Nonresidential father perspectives of family life with their children are explored in this study, to gain insight into nonresidential father experiences. This study replicated a study conducted by S. A. Esposito (1995) and extended it through an exploratory analysis of family functioning. A multimethod approach, recommended for family research, incorporated quantitative and qualitative methodology. A purposive sample included 46 nonresidential fathers, recruited through various means. Five participants were randomly chosen from the main sample for interviewing. The study is in two sections, the replication involving a survey questionnaire, correlational research, cross sectional design and the exploratory analysis, which Involved semi-structured face to face Interviews. Two hypotheses suggested that cohesion and adaptability in the nonresidential father-child family would be predicted by the quality of parental interactions and the quality of father-child interactions. Cohesion and adaptability are measures of family functioning according to the Circumplex Model for Marital and Family Systems. The exploratory Nonresidential Father-Child Families 3 analysis provided explanations of findings from the study and Information regarding the suitability of the model for nonresidential father-child families. The quality of father-child Interactions did predict cohesion in the nonresidential father-child family, but not adaptability. Parental interaction quality did not predict cohesion or adaptability. Some components of the model appear suitable for nonresidential father-child families, while others are considered unsuttable. Suggestions for adapting the model to suit nonresidential father-child families are offered. Valuable insights into nonresidential father experiences offer information for professionals working with divorced families. Several recommendations are given for further research and suggestions for intervention strategies that increase parental awareness are presented. The importance of parental cooperation in decisions regarding children of divorced homes is highlighted

Specific domains of self-esteem in adolescents : Differences between suicide ideated, depressed and non-depressed samples

A 1997 West Australian Child Health Survey (Zubrick et al., 1997) highlighted the need to explore issues regarding problems leading to emotional distress in adolescents. Adolescent self-esteem and suicidal ideation emerged as issues that required further research. The need to understand adolescent issues from a developmental perspective was also evident, due to the difficulties teenagers typically face during their adolescent years. This study builds on previous research by S. Harter and her colleagues, which identified different domains of self-esteem in young adolescents from a general population. Domains of self-esteem according to Harter\u27s Self perception Profile for Adolescents (1988) and Social Support Scale for Children (1985) are explored in this study, comparing three different groups of older adolescents. The purposive sample included 78 participants aged 16 to 18 years, including 53 from the general population, 33 non-depressed and 20 depressed and, 25 adolescents who are receiving therapy after being diagnosed with recent experiences of suicidal ideation. Four research questions are posed to explore comparisons between the three groups in different domains of self-esteem. Self-perception is explored in nine domains, scholastic competence, social acceptance, athletic competence, physical appearance, job competence, romantic appeal, behavioural conduct, close friendship and global self-worth. Discrepancy scores, where perceived importance is greater than perceived competence in different domains are also explored. The discrepancy scores identify perceived inadequacies in different domains, indicating specific areas where self-esteem is threatened in the suicide-ideated group. Perceived parental and peer support are also compared between the three groups to ascertain how teenagers view themselves through the eyes of significant people in their lives. It was expected that perceived physical appearance, social acceptance, athletic competence, scholastic competence and behavioural conduct would be higher in the non-depressed teenagers than in the depressed and suicidal ideated samples. Larger discrepancy scores were expected in the suicidal ideated adolescents than those in the general population, indicating greater perceived inadequacies in domains of self-esteem. It was also expected that the clinical group would score lower perceived parental support and lower perceived peer support than the other groups. Results provided differences between the three groups, with global self-worth, physical appearance and scholastic competence emerging as being of most concern for suicide ideated adolescents. Implications for clinicians working with depressed and suicidal adolescents are discussed within the context of current literature. Suggestions for further research are proposed and practical implications regarding clinical assessment for suicidal adolescents are discussed

Pathways to depression from childhood and adulthood attachment

Background: The overall aim of the present study was to clanfy the role of attachment as a vulnerability factor towards depression. Further aims were to examine whether attachment was continuous and offered a conduit through which childhood experiences could have an effect on mood In adulthood; and to explore whether each of childhood and adulthood attachment each had separate roles with regards to vulnerability towards depression due to discontinuity between childhood and adulthood attachment, It was hypothesised that the attachment system would not act as a conduit between childhood experiences and depression. It was hypothesised that the association between childhood attachment and depression could instead be mediated by a third variable outside of the attachment system; the Involuntary Defeat Strategy. Attachment theory holds that attachment style moderates the effect of stressors upon depression. It was therefore hypothesised that adult attachment style would moderate the association between stressors and depression. The temporal association between adult attachment and depression is unclear. Based on the findings of prospective studies, It was hypothesised that adult attachment would predict depression over time previous research had used the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979) as an indicator of childhood attachment. It was hypothesised that the Parental Bonding Instrument was not an adequate measure of attachment and by using this measure, past research had been Impeded. A new measure of childhood attachment was therefore constructed for the present study. Method. Data were collected using questionnaires on current depression, childhood attachment experiences, adult romantic attachment, social comparison, and defeat. 1 Data were collected at two stages, with a five month interval. Intemet Mediated data collection and the "paper and pencil" method were both used there were 244 (200 females and 44 males) participants at time one, of which 70 (55 females and 15 males) returned at time two. Results: It was found that the new measure was an improved measure of childhood attachment when compared with the Parental Bonding Instrument. As expected, the association between childhood attachment and depression was mediated by the third variable outside of the attachment system; the Involuntary Defeat Strategy. Contrary to expectations, the association between childhood attachment and depression was mediated by adulthood attachment Changing to a secure adult attachment style had the effect of attenuating the influence of childhood experiences on depression. As hypothesised, It was found that adulthood attachment moderated the association between a stressor and depression specifically, a significant association was found between a stressor and depression only for those participants with an insecure attachment style. Finally, the temporal association between adult attachment and depression could not be established. Both attachment and depression were consistent over time. Conclusions: It was concluded that attachment was a stable vulnerability factor through which childhood experiences could have an effect on depressed mood in adulthood. The pathway from childhood attachment to depression was also mediated by the Involuntary Defeat Strategy. It was concluded that childhood attachment presented an early vulnerability factor, and adult attachment moderated the association between a source of stress and depression suggestions were made for future research where a temporal association between adult attachment and depression would be detected.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Where quality counts: The perceived influence of in-hospital care on family donation decisions

Background: Theoretically, public support for deceased organ donation may be high, yet the availability of organs for transplantation remains a global concern. A key area of organ loss is the rate of family consent to donation. Families are necessary partners in the organ donation process, and their related experiences are known to influence donation decisions. Aim: This presentation provides insight into the perceived influence of in-hospital care on family donation decision-making. The study findings are derived from a systematic review and thematic synthesis of secondary research involving family members who experienced an approach for organ donation in a hospital setting. Method: A protocol was developed and registered in an international database of prospective systematic reviews. Studies were identified by searching three electronic databases, Google search engine and by hand-examination of relevant research reports. Study selection was supported by the application of predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Specifically, we sought to include qualitative studies of European, Australasian and North American (Western world) origin, reported in English and published over the past two decades. A date range of 1998-2018 was guided by an early theoretical argument that the rates of organ donation could be increased by enhancing the quality of hospital care (DeJong et al. 1998). A process of thematic synthesis (Thomas and Harden 2008) was used to extract and combine family-reported experiences of care. Results: Descriptive themes depicting donor and non-donor family narrative accounts of the donation process revealed the significance of the care experience in the organ donation decision. At the analytic stage we aim to generate a comprehensive set of quality care indicators that can be used as a basis for evidence-informed practice development and as an item pool for questionnaire design. Evaluation and measurement present opportunity to elicit the key components of care foremost in improving the rates of family consent to deceased organ donation

A systematic review exploring the impact of social media on breastfeeding practices

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Springer, available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01064-w The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.Social media has potential to promote and support positive health behaviours. This systematic review explores the influence of social media on breastfeeding decision-making, promotion and support. For the purpose of the review, social media was defined as social networking sites and blogs; M-technology and apps were only considered if they included an interactive element, such as a ‘share’ function, or one-to-many communication. Searches were conducted on EBSCO across seven databases (limited to 2007-2019). Of the 1261 papers initially identified, 22 met the inclusion criteria for the current review. Results are mixed, but there is evidence that social media can be used to improve breastfeeding awareness and attitudes. Breastfeeding mothers value pro-breastfeeding online communities. However, the success of such social media groups may be dependent on specific content shared, individual contributors, and group dynamics. Key considerations for practitioners are offered regarding how social media can augment services offered to support breastfeeding. Research in this field is still very much in its infancy. Further investigation of specific social media content is needed, alongside the viewpoints of those who have ceased breastfeeding against their wishes

Cross-sectional analysis of dental treatment under general anaesthesia in hospitalised Western Australian children in 2018-19

Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the Department of Dental Medicine staff at the Perth Children’s Hospital. The authors also acknowledge Winthrop 588 Australian Health Review Y. F. A. Alshehri et al. Professor Marc Tennant at the School of Human Sciences and Clinical Associate Professor John Winters from Perth Children’s Hospital for their kind support and assistancePeer reviewedPublisher PD

The importance of contextualization when developing pressure intervention: An illustration among age-group professional soccer players

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Psychreg. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://zenodo.org/record/3871272#.XueTxUVKg2wThe need for interventions that help adolescents cope with pressure is widely recognised (Yeager et al., 2018). However, a recent systematic review indicates that contextualising the pressure intervention is often overlooked (Kent et al., 2018) which likely detracts from intervention effectiveness. The focus of contextualisation is to identify from the perspective of intended intervention recipients, pressureinducing incentives, and factors factor facilitative and debilitative of performance under pressure. The present case study illustrates a process of contextualisation among age-group professional soccer players. Thirty-two male academy soccer players (11–12 years, n = 8; 13–14 years, n = 8; 15–16 years, n = 8; 17–18 years, n = 8) participated in one of eight focus groups. Informed by Baumeister and Shower’s (1986) definition of pressure five situational and two personal incentives were deductively identified. Fletcher and Sarkar’s (2012) model of psychological resilience was used to identify perceived protective and debilitative factors of performance under pressure. Supporting contextualisation, recommendation for integrating the identified incentives and protective factors into a pressure training intervention are presented. The resultant understandings are also of value to those working with adolescents

Contextual behavioural coaching: An evidence-based model for supporting behaviour change

As coaching psychology finds its feet, demands for evidence-based approaches are increasing both from inside and outside of the industry. There is an opportunity in the many evidence-based interventions in other areas of applied psychology that are of direct relevance to coaching psychology. However, there may too be risks associated with unprincipled eclecticism. Existing approaches that are gaining popularity in the coaching field such as Dialectic Behavioural Therapy and Mindfulness enjoy close affiliation with Contextual Behavioral Science (CBS). In this article, we provide a brief overview of CBS as a coherent philosophical, scientific, and practice framework for empirically supported coaching work. We review its evidence base, and its direct applicability to coaching by describing CBS’s most explicitly linked intervention – Acceptance and Commitment Therapy/Training (ACT). We highlight key strengths of ACT including: its great flexibility in regard of the kinds of client change it can support; the variety of materials and exercises available; and, the varied modes of delivery through which it has been shown to work. The article lays out guiding principles and provides a brief illustrative case study of Contextual Behavioural Coaching

Modification of 15q11 — q13 DNA methylation imprints in unique Angelman and Prader — Willi patients

The clearest example of genomic Imprinting in humans comes from studies of the Angelman (AS) and Prader—Wil (PWS) syndromes. Although these are clinically distinct disorders, both typically result from a loss of the same chromosomal region, 15q11 - q13. AS usually results from either a maternal deletion of this region, or paternal uniparental disomy (UPD; both chromosomes 15 Inherited from the father). PWS results from paternal deletion of 15q11 - q13 or maternal UPD of chromosome 15. We have recently described a parent-specific DNA methylation imprint in a gene at the D15S9 locus (new gene symbol, ZNF 127), within the 15q11 - q13 region, that identifies AS and PWS patients with either a deletion or UPD. Here we describe an AS sibship and three PWS patients in which chromosome 15 rearrangements alter the methylation state at ZNF127, even though this locus is not directly involved in the rearrangement. Parent-specific DNA methylation imprints are also altered at ZNF127 and D15S63 (another locus with a parent-specific methylation imprint) in an AS sibship which have no detectable deletion or UPD of chromosome 15. These unique patients may provide insight into the imprinting process that occurs in proximal chromosome 15 in human

Examining the effects of sport and exercise interventions on body image among adolescent girls: A systematic review

Body image dissatisfaction among females is suggested to be so widespread, that is has been described as normative discontent. Consequently, there is great interest in the development of interventions that may enhance body image perceptions. The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the effects of sport and exercise interventions on body image among adolescent females. Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines (Higgins & Green, 2009; Petticrew & Roberts, 2005), a search of six electronic databases produced 4,210 records of which six met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment (Kmet, Lee, & Cook, 2004). This yielded a mean score for quality of .90 (SD = 0.22), indicating poor quality of research. In two studies, significant and positive change was observed in body image following intervention (aerobics or self-selected sports activities) in comparison to a control condition. In four studies, no significant effect of intervention on body image was observed. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that sport and exercise interventions can improve body image. Furthermore, due to the limitations of existing research highlighted within this review, findings suggesting positive influence should be interpreted with caution. Recommendations for improving the methodological quality of research examining the influence of sport and exercise interventions on body image are proposed. This includes considerations such as participant sampling, control conditions/groups, measurement of key variables, intervention features, and analysis of data